1, clepsydra, 1400 BC
Babylonians invented the clepsydra, which is a timer that uses water to time. It is also considered as one of the earliest mechanical devices in history.
In the following hundreds of years, inventors constantly improved the design of clepsydra. Around 270 BC, the ancient Greek inventor Csestibus invented a water clock with vivid numbers to represent time, and he became famous.
2. Aristotle, in 322 BC
Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, once imagined the function of robots. He wrote: "if every tool is arranged and even does what suits them naturally ... then there is no need for master and slave."
3. The Knight of Leonardo da Vinci, 1495.
Leonardo da Vinci designed a clockwork knight, trying to make him sit up straight, wave his arms and move his head and chin.
It is uncertain whether this robot has ever been built, but according to its design, it may build the first humanoid robot.
4. Duck in Walkanson, 1737.
French inventor JacquesVaucanson made a clockwork duck, which can flap its wings, quack, eat and digest food.
5. Turkish robot, 1769.
Hungarian writer and inventor WolfgangvonKempelen built the Turk, which consists of a maple box and a humanoid puppet protruding from the back of the box. The puppet wears a wide coat and a Muslim headscarf.
After the birth of this device, it was once famous for being regarded as a robot that could play chess with chess masters, but the final answer was revealed that the robot could play chess because there was a person hidden in the box.
6. Jacquard jacquard loom, 180 1 year.
JosephJacquard, a French silk weaver and inventor, invented an automatic loom that can be controlled by punched cards. Within ten years, this loom was mass-produced, and thousands of looms were put into use all over Europe.
7. Dream of becoming a puppet of a real boy, 188 1 year.
Italian writer CarloLorenzini wrote Pinnochio, telling the story of a marionette becoming a real boy. With the development of robot technology, the literary theme about robots gaining life will flourish.
8. Tesla beyond its own era, 1898.
NikolaTesla showed a new invention to the audience at Madison Square Garden in new york. He called it "teleautomaton", that is, a radio-controlled ship.
The audience thought it was a lie, and remote control technology was not popularized until decades later.
9. Russell Universal Robot, 192 1 year.
The Czech playwright Calcia KarlCapek coined the word "robot" in his play Rossums Universal Robot.
The word comes from the Czech word "robota", which means "coolie". At the end of the play, robots took over the earth and destroyed their creators.
10, Maria and Metropolis, 1926
Director Fritz Lang made the film Metropolis, which is a silent film set in a dystopian future city. There is a female robot in the role of the film-this is the first time that the robot appears on the big screen-in order to destroy the labor movement, it adopts the appearance of human women.
1 1, Three Laws of Robots, 1942
American science fiction writer IsaacAsimov published a short story called Runaround, in which he put forward the "three laws of robots":
Robots must not harm human beings, or stand idly by when human beings are hurt.
Robots must obey human orders unless they violate the first law.
Robots must protect themselves without violating the first and second laws.
12, the birth of cybernetics, 1948.
NorbertWiener, an American mathematician, published Cybernetics: or Control and Communication between Animals and Machines, which is a pioneering work in the field of practical robots.
He put forward the concept of "cybernetics" for the first time, endowed machines with purposeful behaviors only belonging to creatures for the first time, and expounded the basic ideas of cybernetics.
Cybernetics was published in 1948, which laid the theoretical foundation of cybernetics and marked its formal birth. Cybernetics, system theory and information theory are the theoretical basis of modern information technology.
13, "Unimet" started to work, 1954.
GeorgeDevol, a pioneer of industrial robots, created the world's first programmable robot "Unimate", and put it into an automobile assembly line of General Motors (GM) in 196 1 year, and officially started working.
14, the birth of robot industry, 1956.
George Dewar and Joseph engelberg founded Unimation, the first robot company in the world.
In the 1960s, the company was acquired by Condec. Later, some industries of United Diesel Electric Company were acquired by the industrial manufacturing giant Eaton Company.
15, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 1959
The servo laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) shows the world's computer-aided manufacturing. A milling robot made a commemorative ashtray for each participant.
16, Xie Ke robot, 1966.
The artificial intelligence center of Stanford Research Center has started the research and development of the first mobile robot ShakeTheRobot. It is endowed with limited observation and environmental modeling ability, and the computer that controls it must fill the whole room.
17, "Sorry, Dave, I'm afraid I can't do it." 1968
HAL9000 (Heuristic Programming Calculator) appeared in stanley kubrick's film "200 1 A Space Odyssey", and ArthurC. Clark is a screenwriter (he wrote the story of the film into a novel).
HAL9000 is an artificial intelligence computer, which is responsible for finding)-spaceship-it finally went crazy. This role reflects people's worries about the growing power of intelligent machines.
18, PR Robot, 1977
R2-D2 and C-3PO appeared in the movie Star Wars directed by george lucas. It can be said that these two brave robots are the most famous in modern culture.
19, Stanford car, 1979
StanfordCart was born. This is a four-wheeled rover. Its eyes are cameras. By analyzing and programming its own route, it can bypass obstacles in a room full of chairs.
20, Dante arrives, 1993
An eight-legged robot named Dante tried to explore Mount Erebus in Antarctica. This landmark action was remotely controlled by American researchers, which opened a new era for robots to explore dangerous environments.
2 1, Pathfinder, 1997
The small "sojourner" began its own research mission on Mars. Its maximum walking speed is 0.02 miles per hour. The robot explored the area near its landing site and took 550 photos in the next three months.
22. A talking Phoebe doll. 1998
A furry bat-like robot became the most sought-after toy in the shopping season at the end of that year. Its name is Phoebe. This $30 toy will "evolve" over time. It will only talk nonsense at first, but it will soon learn to use pre-programmed English short sentences.
12 months, Phoebe dolls sold more than 27 million pieces.
23. Man's best friend, 1999.
Sony's robot dog "AIBO" attracted technology lovers at first sight. This $2,000 robot dog can walk around the room freely and respond to a limited set of commands.
24. Walking Asimo Robot, 2000
ASIMO, a humanoid robot produced by Honda, stepped onto the stage. Height 1.3 meters, can walk and run in a posture close to human beings.
25. Machine Cleaners, 2002
IRobot Company released Roomba vacuum cleaning robot, which looks like a frisbee and has sold more than 6 million units. From a commercial point of view, it is the most successful home robot ever.
26. Big Enterprises, 2004
The income of North American robot industry exceeds 654.38 billion US dollars.
27. Psychic Detector, 2004
SpiritRover of NASA landed on Mars and began the mission of exploring this planet. After the initial 90-day mission, the probe continued to run for 6 years, with a total journey of more than 7.7 kilometers.
28. Stanley's self-driving car crossed the finish line, 2005.
Stanley's self-driving car successfully traveled 265,438+02 km off-road, which was developed by a team of Stanford University. In the DARPA Challenge, Stanley's self-driving car was the first to cross the finish line and finally won a prize of $2 million.
29. Robot astronaut, 20 12
The last space mission of the space shuttle Discovery was to send the first humanoid robot to the International Space Station. This robot astronaut is named "R2". Its range of activities is close to that of human beings, and it can perform tasks that are too dangerous for human astronauts. Nasa said, "as we go beyond low-earth orbit, these robots are crucial to NASA's future."
30. The driverless car is licensed, 20 12.
Nevada Motor Vehicle Authority (NDM) issued the world's first driverless car license, which was awarded to a Toyota Prius, which was modified with the technology developed by Google. So far, Google's driverless cars have traveled more than 300,000 kilometers without any accidents.
3 1, a major breakthrough was made in deep learning, and artificial intelligence entered the era of big data.
In the past 30 years, the deep learning movement was once regarded as an anomaly in academic circles, but now Geoff Hinton and his deep learning colleagues, including Yann LeCun of new york University and Yoshua Bengio of Montreal University, have received unprecedented attention in the internet world. Hinton is a professor and researcher at the University of Toronto in Canada. He is currently working at Google. He uses deep learning technology to improve the user experience of speech recognition, image tagging and countless other online tools. LeCun does a similar job on Facebook. At present, artificial intelligence has received great attention in many companies such as Microsoft, IBM and Baidu.
32. JIBO, a home robot, has successfully raised funds on kickstarter. Besides personal computers, every family should have a robot.
In 20 14, CynthiaBreazeal, one of the founders of social robots, launched Jibo, a home robot, on the crowdfunding platform of Indiegogo. She wanted to be a robot Kawara Tsutomu that every family could afford, and finally raised $2.28 million.
Recently, Jibo received a series A financing of US$ 25.3 million, led by RRE, with the participation of two SigmaInvestments, Formation 8 and Samsung Ventures. The last round of investors were Charles River Ventures, Fairhaven Capital Partners and Osage VenturePartners. Jibo originally planned to raise $654.38 million+$050,000, and finally reached $25.3 million as a star-rated social robot product.
33. Softbank acquired Aldebaran and launched the Pepper Robot.
After two years of hard work, Aldebaran Robotics Research Co., Ltd. finally secretly developed the humanoid robot Pepper. Now Japanese telecom giant Softbank is going to sell Pepper to Japanese consumers next year!
The CEO opposite Pepper is Masayoshi Son, the richest man in Japan and the founder and president of Japanese telecom giant Softbank. It was he who foresaw the development of many new products and integrated them into mobile phone operators, internet joint ventures and media companies, and successfully built a huge commercial complex. Just this June. Sun Zhengyi officially announced a humanoid robot project called Pepper at a press conference held in Tokyo. Pepper is positioned as a future family companion, which can be said to be the first full-size humanoid robot product sold to consumers in the world.
34.Schaft won the DRC championship.
Last year, DARPA held the DARPA Robot Challenge (DRC). This three-stage challenge is called the strongest robot contest in the world. Its purpose is to find the best rescue robot, which can carry out rescue operations at the scene of high temperature and high radiation, such as walking into the nuclear power plant through rubble and closing valves. In the final, Japanese shafter won the championship.
The prototype of SCHAFT was conceived in JSK Robotics Laboratory of the University of Tokyo, Japan, where Hirojin Inoue, a Japanese robot master, also developed advanced works. At present, the laboratory is led by Professor Masayuki Inaba, a robotics expert.
The two founders of SCHAFT, JunichiUrata and Yuto Zhongxi, belong to this laboratory. They began to develop humanoid robots as early as 10 years ago. In 2004, he joined the humanoid robot project in Kotaro, and then carried out similar research projects, such as Kojiro, Kenzoh and Kenshiro.