Also known as the historical view of class struggle, it studies history from the perspective of class, and studies the influence of different ruling classes and the development of each class in each historical class on its historical period; Mainly, in order to adapt to their own development, all classes have revolutionized the original ruling class and created a new historical period.

2. The concept of civilization history

The view of civilization history holds that the history of human society is the evolutionary history of human civilization.

The basic characteristics of the concept of civilization history are: based on the development of productive forces, human history is divided into agricultural civilization era and industrial civilization era; Pay attention to the achievements of civilization that still have great influence, trace back the history from reality, explain how human history is passed down from history to reality, and pay attention to the combination of history and reality; Taking the type of civilization as the basic unit of research, we realize the diversity of civilization.

3. Historical materialism

Productivity determines production relations, and the comprehensive economic basis of production relations determines superstructure; The relations of production have a great reaction to the productive forces, and the superstructure has a great reaction to the economic base.

When the superstructure and its production relations bind the development of productive forces and become the shackles of the development of productive forces, then the social revolution comes. With the change of economic base, all huge superstructures will change slowly or quickly. In class society, the basic contradiction of human society is class contradiction.

4. Global view of history (holistic view of history)

The basic feature of the global view of history is to study the whole human history as a whole. Its research objects include not only Europe, but also Asia, Africa and Latin America.

The global view of history studies the history of the whole world, not the history of a country or region; Focus on all mankind, not just Europeans or non-Europeans. In addition, global history is not equal to the simple addition of national history or regional history, but focuses on revealing the interrelationship and influence of different regions and national history.

5. (near) modern historical view

The transformation process of human society from agricultural society to industrial society is (near) modernization. The modern historical view focuses on this development and evolution process.

The basic characteristics of modern historical view are that the transformation process from agricultural society to industrial society includes economic industrialization and urbanization, political democratization and legalization, cultural rationalization, scientization, popularization and popularization, and equality and secularization of social life.

Baidu encyclopedia-historical view