Angkor Wat
Angkor Wat, also known as Angkor Wat Temple, is the oldest and largest ancient temple in Cambodia and the best preserved temple. Angkor Wat is divided into "Big Angkor Wat" and "Little Angkor Wat", among which the architecture of Little Angkor Wat is magnificent. The present Angkor site covers an area of 365,438+00 square kilometers, including four temple buildings. The remaining walls and columns can still see the exquisite carving techniques of that year. The craftsmanship is really amazing. No wonder Angkor Wat has the reputation of "carved king city". It ranks alongside the Great Wall of Wan Li, the Egyptian pyramids and the Indonesian Borobudur as the four wonders of the East. It is said that more than150,000 migrant workers were recruited during the construction process. These temples are all made of huge sand and stones. The heaviest stones are more than 8 tons, and there is no adhesive between them.
There is a trench with a width of 190 meters around the temple, and the length around the trench is 5.6 kilometers. There are five minarets in the main hall. The top of the tower is 65 meters away from the ground of the courtyard, and the gallery wall at the bottom is covered with stone relief. These reliefs reflect people's life at that time, such as hunting, fishing, farewell and war. There are fairy tales that reproduce ancient legends, such as "The churning of the sea of milk" and "Immortals control demons"; There are statues of sitting Buddha and dancing gods, as well as human heads, birds and animals, insects and fish, all of which are lifelike. The stone outside the tower is carved with Buddha statues of various postures, some of which are as high as tens of meters, and the image is very vivid.
/kloc-In the first half of the 5th century, the old capital of Angkor was deserted, and this temple was deserted. /kloc-After the middle of the 0/9th century, it was renovated and became a world-famous monument. The whole building is magnificent and exquisite, which fully embodies the amazing wisdom and high artistic talent of ancient Cambodian craftsmen.
The "Great Angkor Wat", also known as Angkor Wat, took 20 years to build. The special place is that the city wall is made of huge stones, and there is a moat outside to defend the country. Among the five doors, the south gate is the most complete. On both sides of the entrance to the gate, two rows of stone carvings are juxtaposed, with immortals on the left and demons on the right. Bayon temple is the most important building in Angkor Wat. This temple is located in the center of the city. There are 54 ancient pagodas on the steps, surrounded by 40-meter-high round towers. On the top four sides of each stone tower, there is also a huge face carved, which is very spectacular. In addition, the cloister next to it and the large relief on the inner and outer floors are exquisitely hand-made and of great appreciation value.
Brother Xiao Wu and Brother Da Wu are only ten minutes' drive away. Five sacred pagodas in the shape of lotus buds, like five giant millet, point to the sky. Among the five towers, the one in the middle is larger, and there are long corridors around each step, engraved with characters in Buddhist stories. After the steep stone steps, you go to the highest place, which was the place where emperors used to worship the gods.
Relief art
The round carvings in Angkor Wat are not excellent. The circular statue on the pedestal is heavy and dull, but the relief is extremely delicate and realistic. There are reliefs on the inner wall, columns, stone walls, cornerstones, window lintels and railings of the cloister. The content is mainly about the legend of Vishnu, a Hindu god. It is based on the Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana, and the Hindu myth The Sea of Milk. There are also secular scenes such as war, royal travel, cooking, handicrafts and agricultural activities. Decorative patterns are based on animals and plants. Among them, the corridor around the main hall 1 floor platform is called "relief corridor", which is 800 meters long and the wall is more than 2 meters high, and the wall is covered with relief. The milk churning map on the east wall, the battle map of Vishnu and Monty on the north wall, and the battle map of the monkey god assisted Rama on the west wall all depict fairy tales. The map of Suriye Pomo II riding an elephant in the western half of the South Wall is a secular theme. These relief techniques are skillful, the scenes are complex, the characters are vivid and lifelike, and the overlapping levels are used to express the far-reaching space, which can be called masterpieces in the history of world art. Looking out from the inside, I suddenly found a lot of graceful portrait reliefs on the wall, which are said to symbolize the descent of fairies. With the carving technology thousands of years ago, the fairy can be portrayed so vividly, and the expression, appearance and clothing of each statue are completely different. It can be said to be a wonderful work. This group of dancing beautiful fairies is called Apsara, also known as the Mona Lisa in the East, which is said to be deformed by waves. The magnificent Angkor Wat survived because of these beautiful little fairies.
In addition to the fairy outside the wall, it attracts people's attention. Walking in the temple, you can see exquisite and delicate depictions everywhere, sometimes on the pillars and sometimes in the corners. It is not difficult to find convex and concave works or even alternating works. Even the windows in the corridor are surrounded by small stone pillars. When sunlight shines into the corridor through the window, it blends a sense of beauty of humanity and nature.
architectural feature
The stylobate, cloisters, paths and pagodas constitute the intricate architecture of Angkor Wat Temple. Its layout is large-scale, the proportion is symmetrical, the design is simple and solemn, and the details are gorgeous and exquisite. All buildings are made of sand and gravel, and there is no mortar or other adhesive between stones, which are combined by the regularity of stone surface shape and its own weight. Masons at that time probably didn't master the technology of voucher arch, so there was no main hall in Angkor Wat, and the doorway of the stone room was narrow and dark, and the artistic decoration was mainly concentrated outside the building.
Mystery of Angkor Wat
Angkor Wat was built by a Southeast Asian nation named Jigme (now called Khmer), which probably started in 802 AD, when Kuyepomo II established a brilliant Khmer empire and prospered for 600 years.
/kloc-in the 0/2nd century, Angkor architecture reached its artistic climax. At that time, all the walls of Angkor Wat Temple were carved with exquisite reliefs, and there was a promenade facing all directions around each platform, connecting temples, pyramids and stairs. Even the walls of the promenade are engraved with reliefs describing ancient Indian myths and stories. Angkor wat temple is not only huge in scale, but also has a dike road nearly 10 meters wide outside the temple. Through the gate of the temple, huge and majestic Naga snake statues stand on both sides of the embankment. Generally speaking, all the temples in the world face east and west, but the gate of Angkor Wat Temple faces west, which puzzled archaeologists who later studied the Khmer Rouge. Since then, the city-building work of Angkor kings has been handed down from generation to generation.
The architecture of Angkor civilization is exquisite and breathtaking, but in the early15th century, people suddenly went to the city. In the following centuries, Angkor Wat became a Lin Mang and overgrown wasteland, and only a once glorious ancient city was hidden in it. Until the discovery of this relic by Mu 'ao in19th century, even the local residents in Cambodia knew nothing about it.
It stands to reason that the culture of any nation should have its continuity, not to mention that Angkor is a dynasty that once flourished for 600 years, but its culture suddenly stopped and disappeared in the long river of history. Some people attribute this to foreign invasion, but foreign invasion may lead to regime change, but it cannot make all the people of a nation disappear. According to the survey, more than one million people once lived in Angkor area. Where did this country and these people go? This is really an unsolved mystery.