China's opera originated from the song and dance in primitive society, and only after the Han, Tang, Song and Jin Dynasties did it form a relatively complete opera art, which was mainly composed of three different art forms: folk song and dance, rap and burlesque.

seed

In primitive society, primitive songs and dances were produced in villages where clans lived together. With the gradual growth of clans, songs and dances also gradually developed and improved.

For example, in many ancient rural areas, there is still a long tradition of singing and dancing, such as "Nuo Opera"; At the same time, some new songs and dances, such as "Shehuo" and "Yangko", came into being to meet people's spiritual needs.

It is these song and dance performances that have created a group of skilled folk artists and made some progress in the direction of opera.

Prosperous

From the middle of12nd century to the beginning of13rd century, professional art and commercial performance groups such as Song Zaju and Jin emerged gradually, such as Yuan created by Guan Hanqing, Autumn of the Han Palace created by Ma Zhiyuan, Revenge of the Zhao Orphan, etc.

This period is the prosperous period of China traditional opera stage.

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/kloc-In the mid-Ming Dynasty in the 6th century, Kunqu Opera rose in the south of the Yangtze River, and many operas such as Fifteen Passes and Zhan Huakui emerged.

The opera popular with farmers in this period was Yiyang Opera, which originated in Anhui and Jiangxi, and Kunqu Opera was popular with feudal elites.

Prosperous

Most of the works in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties describe people's heroes, such as Mu and Tao Sanchun.

At this time, local operas mainly included northern Bangzi and southern Pihuang.

Peking Opera was produced on the basis of the high prosperity of local operas in Qing Dynasty.

During the reign of Tongzhi and Guangxu, the first generation of Peking Opera actors and masters of different schools appeared, which marked the maturity and prosperity of Peking Opera.

Soon, Beijing opera developed all over the country, especially in Shanghai and Tianjin. Peking Opera has become a widely influential drama, which has pushed China's traditional opera art to a new height.

reform

Before and after the Revolution of 1911, a group of outstanding opera artists, such as Wang Xiaonong, Pan and Xia Yueshan, engaged in the improvement of opera art and accumulated valuable experience for the future improvement of opera.

China's modern operas have evolved from the May 4th Movement 19 19 to the founding of the People's Republic of China. During this period, some people with lofty ideals reformed traditional Chinese opera.

On the eve of the May 4th Movement, Mei Lanfang performed Deng, A wisp of hemp and other new fashion dramas promoting democratic ideas, and Zhou Hecheng also created many works.

constellation

On the eve of the May 4th Movement to the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a number of high-level outstanding actors appeared in various operas.

There are Peking Opera, Yan and Mei Lanfang, Sichuan Opera, Zhou Mulian, Han Opera, Dong Yaojie, xiang opera, Wu Shaozhi, Qin Opera, Pu Opera and so on.

zheng hui

After the founding of New China, a number of outstanding plays emerged, such as General Xianghe, Legend of the White Snake, Qin Xianglian, butterfly lovers, Yue Opera and Fifteen Passes, etc. Wu, a famous historian, also created the historical Peking Opera "Hai Rui dismissed from office".

Since then, a series of outstanding works have come out, such as Beijing Opera White-Haired Girl, The Story of the Red Lantern, The Surprise of the White Tiger, Liu Qiaoer, Shanghai Opera, Ludang Fire, Henan Opera, Chaoyanggou and so on.

After the downfall of the Gang of Four, the China Opera and Drama Club was rebuilt, and a large number of traditional plays that were loved by the masses but were stopped or criticized were staged again, such as Xie Yaohuan, Pu Xian's play Spring Grass Hurts the Hall, and Lu's play Sisters Marry Easily.

Today, with the development of China's traditional operas, through different times, China's traditional operas constantly adapt to the needs of new times and new audiences, and maintain and develop the artistic characteristics of national traditions. The problems of "modernization" and "dramatization" put forward by China opera circles have become the subject of active exploration and practice in the new historical period.