Confucius Confucius, whose real name is Confucius, was born on September 28th, 55 BC1year (August 27th of the lunar calendar) to April, 55 BC 1 1 year (February 11th of the lunar calendar), and was a native of Shandong and Han nationalities in the Spring and Autumn Period. Born in Changping Township, Qiaoyi (now Luyuan Village, southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). After his death, he was buried in Surabaya in the north of Qufu, which is now Kong Lin. Confucius was a statesman, thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period.
Mencius (372-289 BC) was born in Zoucheng, Shandong Province, Han nationality. Name, word Yu Zi, word car, word viscount. My father is excited and my mother is Zou. Mencius' distant ancestor was Shi, an aristocrat of Lu, who moved from Lu to Zou. Mencius lost his father at the age of three, and Meng Mu raised him with great pains. Meng Mu has a tight grip on him. His stories, such as Meng Mu's Three Movements and Meng Mu's Broken Weave, have become timeless stories, which are models of maternal education in later generations. Born in the reign of King Zhou for four years and died in the twenty-sixth year, he was a great thinker and educator in ancient China. One of the representatives of Confucianism in the Warring States period. He is the author of Mencius, which belongs to a collection of recorded prose. Mencius is a compilation of Mencius' speeches. Mencius and his disciple * * * recorded Mencius' language, political views and political actions. Mencius studied under Kong Ji (Confucius' grandson is usually a student who studied under Kong Ji), inherited and developed Confucius' thoughts, and became a Confucian master second only to Confucius, known as "the sage of Asia" and also known as "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Mencius once imitated Confucius and led his disciples to lobby countries. But it was not accepted by all countries at that time. He retired and wrote books with his disciples. Mencius has been handed down from generation to generation in seven chapters: Liang Wanghui; "Gongsun Ugly" up and down; "Teng Wengong" up and down; Li Lou; "Zhang Wan" up and down; "Gao Zi" goes up and down; Heart and soul. His theoretical starting point is the theory of good nature, which puts forward "benevolent governance" and "kingly governance" and advocates rule by virtue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu called Mencius, The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean the Four Books. From then until the end of Qing Dynasty, "Four Books" had been a compulsory part of the imperial examination. Mencius' articles are eloquent, vigorous and powerful, and there are many discussions.
Sima Qian (about 145 ~ 90 BC) died in 90 BC at the age of 56. Zi Chang, a great historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty, wrote China's first biography, Historical Records, which was called by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, and Li Sao has no rhyme." (Republic of China, Lu Xun). Sima Qian was born in Longmen, xia yang, Western Han Dynasty. Xia yang (now south of Hancheng, Shaanxi), county name, near Longmen. Therefore, Sima Qian claimed to be "moving to Longmen" (Preface to Taishi Gong). Longmen, Longmen Mountain, is very famous. Legend has it that Dayu once opened a mountain in Longmen to control water. To the south of Longmen Mountain is the Yellow River. Sima Qian's home is between the Yellow River and Longmen. There are many local places of interest. Sima Qian liked scenic spots since childhood, but he also had the opportunity to hear many historical legends and stories.
Wen Tianxiang (1236— 1283) was an outstanding national hero and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Luling (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi) was originally named Sun Yun and Song Rui, and was named Wenshan and Fuxiu Taoist. His works include The Complete Works of Wenshan and Wenshan Yuefu, and his famous works include Song Zhengqi and Crossing the Zero and Ding Yang. Song Lizong was the top scholar in the fourth year of Baoyu (1256), and was also called "the three outstanding men in the late Song Dynasty" with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie. His poems in his later years are impassioned, desolate and tragic, with strong appeal, reflecting his loyal national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit.