1。

"East China" generally refers to six provinces and one city in East China, including Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Jiangxi and Shanghai. 2。

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest plateau in China and the highest average altitude in the world. Its land area is 2.4 million square kilometers, with an average elevation of 4,000? 5000 meters, known as the "roof of the world" and "roof of the world".

3。 The Antarctic continent has an extremely low climate all year round and is covered with ice and snow, which belongs to the polar climate.

4。 The Himalayas, including many of the highest mountains in the world, have more than 1 10 peaks with an altitude of 7300 meters (24000 feet) or more.

One of them is Mount Qomolangma (also known as Mount Qomolangma and Sagama Tower), which is 8844.43 meters (290 17. 16 feet) high. The majestic peaks of these mountains stand above the permanent snow line.

5。 Tropical rainforest climate, also known as "equatorial rainy climate".

It is distributed on both sides of the equator 10 latitude. It is hot and rainy all year round, with an average monthly temperature of 25 ~ 28℃ and an annual precipitation of more than 2000 mm.

The seasons are evenly distributed, and there is no dry season. It mainly appears in Amazon Plain in South America, Congo Basin and Gulf of Guinea in Africa, most parts of Malay Archipelago in Asia and southern Malay Peninsula.

6。 Provinces where the Yangtze River and the Yellow River flow: (1) Yangtze River: Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai 1 1 provinces and cities.

(2) Yellow River: It flows through 9 provinces and regions including Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Shandong. 7。

Climatic zones across North America (from north to south): North Cold Zone, North Temperate Zone and Tropical Zone. 8。

The water body of the earth, in which seawater accounts for 97.3% and fresh water only accounts for 2.7%. Iceberg and ice cap water account for 77.2% of fresh water resources, groundwater and soil water account for 22.4%, lake and swamp water accounts for 0.35%, river water accounts for 0. 1%, and atmospheric water accounts for 0.04%.

9。 Snow is a natural phenomenon that water or ice condenses in the air and falls, or refers to falling snowflakes.

Snow is the solid form of water. Snow only occurs under the influence of extremely cold temperatures and extratropical cyclones, so there are fewer opportunities for snow in subtropical and tropical areas.

10。 Frost is the condensation of water vapor (that is, gaseous water) when the temperature is very low, much like snow.

On cold winter mornings, outdoor plants usually frost. This is because plants dissipate heat slowly at night, the ground temperature is particularly low, and the water vapor is not emitted quickly. When it gathers on the surface of plants, it freezes and forms frost. Scientifically speaking, frost is made up of ice crystals, similar to dew. When the relative humidity in the air reaches 100%, water is separated from the air. The only difference between the two is that the dew point (the temperature at which water vapor liquefies into dew) is higher than the freezing point, while the frost point (the temperature at which water vapor condenses into frost) is lower than the freezing point, so frost will only appear when the temperature near the surface is below zero degrees Celsius.

1 1。 If snow melts, it must absorb the heat around it. When the heat in the air is absorbed by snow, people will feel cold. On a snowy day without the sun, if it is cold, it is because the temperature is low! So people feel that it is colder when melting snow than when it snows.

12。 When launching a satellite, the closer to the equator, the better, because the closer to the equator, the greater the centrifugal force of the earth, which can save rocket fuel.

13。 In summer, influenced by warm front rain, the Yangtze River basin is rich in precipitation, reaching the maximum value in a year.

The Yangtze River has a large runoff, so it dilutes the seawater in the Yangtze River estuary, and makes the salinity of the surface seawater in the Yangtze River estuary reach the minimum value in a year. 14。

The lowest inland basin in China is located in the eastern part of Xinjiang, which is an intermountain fault basin on the southern slope of the East Tianshan Mountains. There are Bogda Mountain in the north and Kuruk Mountain in the south, covering an area of about 50,000 square kilometers.

The central part of the basin is about 4000 square kilometers above sea level, and the water surface of Aiding Lake is-1.54 meters (meters). 15。

Zengmu shoal, located at the southern tip of Nansha Islands (3 58 ′ north latitude and11217 ′ east longitude), is the southernmost tip of China territory. About 52 nautical miles southwest of Chengping Reef.

According to the investigation of Experiment No.3 Ship 1985- 1986 of South China Sea Institute of Oceanography, the shallowest water depth is17.5m, which is spindle-shaped, and the reef ridge is an underwater coral reef with an area of 2. 12 square kilometers. Zengmu shoal is not occupied by any country, and our naval fleet will cruise Zengmu shoal irregularly.

2. Ask for some brief geographical knowledge.

Geographical knowledge 1. Phenomena directly caused by solar activity (aurora) II. 9. 1 1 event in new york (West Fifth District) of the United States occurred around 9: 00 am, and the time in Beijing (East Eighth District) was (9. 165438).

3. Guilin landscape is (formed by external forces), and (Mount Fuji, Mount Tai, the Great Rift Valley in East Africa) is internal forces. 4. There are typhoons in the Pacific Ocean in summer and autumn, and the precipitation types in eastern China in summer and autumn are mostly frontal rain. 5. (Ocean current) affects ocean transportation. 6. (Squirrel, black bear) is a typical animal in temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest belt.

7. The characteristics of confined water are (good water quality, not easy to be polluted). At present, the five major energy consumption in the world are: (oil, coal, natural gas, water and nuclear energy). 9. The order of the three major varieties of grain production in the world is (wheat, rice and corn) 10. The four largest grain-producing countries in the world are (China, America, India and Russia) 1 1. The basic celestial body is (nebula, star) 12. The main air pollutant causing acid rain is (sulfur dioxide) 13. Most of the grasslands in China are distributed in 14 (plateaus and mountains in non-monsoon areas). The non-zonal difference of geographical environment is (land-sea distribution difference) 15. The largest landlocked country in the world is (Kazakhstan) 6544. 7. World Trade Organization (China, Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province Province are all members of this organization) 18. The Eurasian Continental Bridge starts from Lianyungang and passes through provinces (Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang) 19. The main distribution areas of coal in China (Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Guizhou) 20. It belongs to the west of China.

3. Seek enough geographical knowledge.

Japan, a long and narrow island country, is called "the country of volcanic earthquakes". Its symbol is Mount Fuji, which is also called "Holy Mountain" by the Japanese. The throat of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean-Malacca Strait: full length 1080 km; There is a Tambora volcano in the northern part of Sumbawa Island east of Java Island in Indonesia. When 18 15 broke out, the energy released was 80 million times that of the American atomic bomb against Japan, which was the most violent volcanic eruption known to mankind. Angkor Wat, a world cultural heritage, is the pride of the Cambodian people, and is as famous as the Taj Mahal. Museum of language and race; Religious kaleidoscope-India; The rain pole of the world-begging for help; India's "Silicon Valley"-Bangalore; "Little India" Mumbai; Hindu holy city-varanasi; The symbol of eternal love-Taj Mahal; Caspian Sea, the largest lake in the world; The disappearing lake-Aral Sea; The country of platinum-Uzbekistan; The lowest land point in the world-the Dead Sea; Persian Gulf, the world's oil treasure house; Holy land-Mecca; Holy city Jerusalem! People who have attended junior high school may know that the earth has a history of 4.6 billion years, and many people may also understand the basic process and principle of stratum formation.

In addition, in recent years, people are familiar with the terms "Cambrian", "Jurassic", "Cretaceous" and "Quaternary", but how these terms came from is probably just a vague impression for many people. We all know that the age of the earth is divided into some units according to the age of strata, which can facilitate us to express the evolution of the earth and life. People are used to dividing the whole 4.6 billion years into two big units according to biological conditions. Those times when creatures are invisible or difficult to see are called Phanerozoic, while those times when a certain amount of creatures can be seen are called Phanerozoic.

The upper limit of Phanerozoic is the origin of the earth, but its lower limit is not an absolutely accurate number. Generally speaking, it can be pushed back to 600 million years ago, and some of it can be pushed back to 570 million years ago. It has been called Phanerozoic since 600 million or 570 million years ago.

Zhou Xia is divided into several generations. Generally speaking, there are five generations: Archean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.

Archean generally refers to the period of formation and chemical evolution of the earth, which can be 4.6 billion years ago to 3.8 billion years ago or 3.4 billion years ago. The reason why this figure has a difference of hundreds of millions of years is that there are still many uncertainties in the oldest life or traces of life that we can grasp at present. Proterozoic followed Archean, and its lower limit was generally set before the explosion of Precambrian life, which is currently between 570 million and 600 million years ago.

Archaean and Proterozoic were named 1863 by American Luo Gang, which means that the biological world is too old and the biological world is sub-old. The period from CAMBRIAN to 230 million years ago was Paleozoic. The name was formulated by an Englishman, Sedvik, based on Luo Gang's ancient biological meaning. It happened on 1838.

From 230 million years ago to 65 million years ago, it was Mesozoic, and after 65 million years, it was Cenozoic. These two generations were named by Philip, an Englishman, in 184 1, which means that the biological world is moderately old and close to modern times.

(see attached table) The following units are regarded as disciplines. Let's start with the oldest.

The oldest era is called the Sinian, which was named by an American named grip in China in 1922. At that time, grip was active in Zhejiang and Anhui. According to the ancient Indians, he named China the place of sunrise. It started at 18 or1900 million years ago and ended at 570 million years ago.

Life in this period was mainly bacteria and cyanobacteria, and eukaryotes and invertebrates began to appear in the later period. During the period of 1936, Cedwick conducted research in Wales, western England. In the era of Roman rule, the North Wales Mountain was once called Cambrian Mountain, so Sedvik called this period Cambrian.

Thirty-three years later, another British geologist, Lapzi, discovered a stratum in the same area. This stratum is different from Silurian discovered before Cambrian. It is between the above two floors and obviously belongs to a different representative period, so he called this period Ordovician according to a famous nation who lived here in ancient times. The name of Silurian came into being before Cambrian and Ordovician, about 1835. Mo Sun Qi also studied in the west of England, and the meaning of his name comes from the name of another ancient Welsh native.

1839, Mohs and Sedvik named a group of marine rock formations in Devon, which was translated into "clay basin" in Chinese. The name Carboniferous may have appeared at the earliest. 1822, while studying British geology, Cornebil and Philip discovered a set of stable coal-bearing strata, which was formed in a very spectacular coal-making period, so they were named after coal.

The name Permian was translated from images by scientists in China. Originally named in 184 1, Mozambique named it Permian according to the local Perm state (Ufa Plateau in Ural Mountains). Later, it was discovered in Germany that the strata in this period were obviously dolomitic limestone above and red rock below, which was the basis for China's later translation into Permian.

These are the six periods of Paleozoic. Mesozoic is divided into three periods.

The first is Triassic, named after Albert in southwest Germany. There are three completely different strata here, hence the name. This happened on 1834. There is a Jura Mountain at the junction of Germany and Switzerland. Blainville discovered that there are very obvious stratigraphic characteristics around 1829, so it was named after the mountain. If Smith, an Englishman, first named it at 1820, it would definitely not be the Jurassic, because the ammonites he studied in Britain at that time happened at this time.

Two years later, in 1822, de Harrow discovered that white sediments containing a lot of calcium were exposed on the cliffs on both sides of the English Channel, which was the chalk soil used to make chalk at that time, so it was named Cretaceous. It should be pointed out that the strata in this period were not all white in most parts of the world, for example, in China, they were mostly purple-red strata.

Lyle once called Paleozoic Eogene, Mesozoic Eogene and Cenozoic Eogene. 1829, when De Noalte was studying the geology of some areas in France.

4. Common sense of geography is urgent and simple

General knowledge of geography in China: topography

China's topography is high in the west and low in the east, and the proportion of various landforms in the land area is as follows: mountains 33.3%, plateaus 26%, basins 18.8%, plains 12% and hills 9.9%.

islands

There are 5,400 islands off the coast of China. The largest island is Taiwan Province Island (with an area of about 36,000 square kilometers), followed by Hainan Island (with an area of about 34,000 square kilometers).

mountain range

The Himalayas

There are 19 mountain peaks over 7000m above sea level in the world, 7 of which are located in China and on the border. There are many tall mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are called the "roofs of the world". Himalayas, with an average elevation of 6000 meters. Its main peak, Mount Everest, is 8848. 13 meters above sea level, which is the highest in the world.

The longest river

Yangtze river

The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, with a total length of 6,300 kilometers, second only to the Nile River in Africa and the Amazon River in South America, and the third longest river in the world. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, with a total length of 5464 kilometers.

The largest canyon

* * * On the Yarlung Zangbo River in the plateau, there is a grand canyon with a total length of 504.6 kilometers and a depth of 6009 meters, which is the largest canyon in the world.

The longest artificial river

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, with a total length of 180 1 km, was dug in the 5th century BC and is the earliest and longest artificial river in the world.

lake

Poyang Lake (in Jiangxi Province)

Poyang Lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is the largest freshwater lake in China, covering an area of 3,583 square kilometers. Qinghai Lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest saltwater lake in China, covering an area of 4,583 square kilometers.

climate

Most of China is in temperate zone and subtropical zone, some parts in the south are in the tropics, and some parts in the north are close to the frigid zone.

geographical position

China is located in the Eastern Hemisphere, the eastern part of the Asian continent and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.

contact area

9.6 million square kilometers, second only to Russia and Canada.

The largest city

Shanghai

Interesting geography knowledge Our geography teacher asked us to talk about geography knowledge for 2-3 minutes before class.

Let me ask you a geographically interesting question (which is also a knowledge point): An adventurer walked10km south from a certain place, then10km east, then10km north, and returned to the starting point. At this moment, he met a bear. What color is this bear? Knowledge point: the starting point of adventurers is the North Pole (so this bear is a polar bear, white).

Starting from the pole, no matter which direction you go, you can return to the original point by turning 90 degrees twice. This is a special point.

Standing at the pole, no matter where you face, it is due south! Is that enough? Or you can change the date to someone who lives online, one is yesterday and the other is today. Or the building on the equator, the bedroom is in the northern hemisphere and the study is in the southern hemisphere! Aren't these all geographical knowledge? If you want something interesting, I'll give you an example.

Otherwise, you can introduce the diurnal variation line or pole, and talk about their differences, strange phenomena and so on.

6. What is geography taught in primary schools?

The content of primary school geography is mainly some basic knowledge of geography, such as 1. China is located in the east of Asia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, and its territory is figuratively compared to a golden rooster with its head facing east and its tail facing west.

China's land area is about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world, only next to Russian and Canadian, and almost equivalent to the whole area of Europe. 3. The east-west longitude of China is more than 60 degrees, spanning five time zones, and the distance from east to west is about 5,200 kilometers.

China's territory spans nearly 50 degrees from north to south, with a distance of about 5,500 kilometers. 5. The northernmost part of the territory of China lies in the middle line (53 N) of the main channel of Heilongjiang Province, north of Mohe River.

6. The southernmost tip of China lies in Zengmu shoal in Nansha Islands, South China Sea (about 4 degrees north latitude). 7. The easternmost part of the territory of China lies at the intersection of the middle line of the main channel of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River in Heilongjiang Province (135 E).

8. The westernmost part of China lies in Pamir Plateau (73 E) in Xinjiang. 9. The coastline of China's mainland is18,000 kilometers long, and there are many excellent harbors along the coast, which are convenient for ships to shelter from the wind and dock.

10. There are more than 5,000 islands in China, most of which are located in the waters south of the Yangtze River estuary. 1 1. The largest archipelago in China is Zhoushan Archipelago, which is located in the east of Zhejiang Province.

12. There are four islands in the South China Sea of China, namely dongsha islands, Xisha Islands, zhongsha islands and Nansha Islands. 13. The oceans bordering China are Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea from south to north.

14. The inland sea is the sacred territory of a country, and the Bohai Sea between Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula is the inland sea of China. 15. The largest island in China is Taiwan Province Island, and the second largest island is Hainan Island.

Pupils are curious about the outside world at this age, but their thinking comprehension ability is not strong, and they perceive the outside world mainly through their senses. Primary school students' geographical knowledge should be simple, intuitive and easy to understand.

7. Ask for some brief geographical knowledge. It's urgent to need it a few minutes before geography class.

Little knowledge of geography 1.

The phenomenon directly caused by solar activity (aurora) II. New york, USA (West Zone 5) 9.

1 1 What happened around 9 am? 1 1 event, when the time in Beijing (East Eighth District) was (9.

1 1 at night 10 o'clock) Attachment: Eastern time is earlier than western time, and one time zone is one hour. 3。

Guilin landscape is (formed by external forces), and (Mount Fuji, Mount Tai and the Great Rift Valley) is internal forces. 4。

There are often typhoons in the Pacific Ocean in summer and autumn, and the precipitation types in summer and autumn in eastern China are mostly (frontal rain) 5. (Ocean currents) affect ocean transportation.

(squirrel, black bear) is a typical animal in temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest belt. 7。

The characteristics of confined water are (good water quality and not easy to be polluted) 8. At present, the five major energy consumption in the world are: (oil, coal, natural gas, water and nuclear energy).

9。 The order of the three major varieties of world grain production is (wheat, rice and corn) 10.

The four largest grain-producing countries in the world are (China, America, India and Russia) 1 1. The basic celestial body is (nebula, star) 12.

The main air pollutant that forms acid rain is (sulfur dioxide) 13. Most of the grasslands in China are distributed in 14.

The non-zonal difference of geographical environment is (land-sea distribution difference) 15. The largest landlocked country in the world is (Kazakhstan) 16.

The most rivers in European countries are (Danube) 17. World Trade Organization (China, Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province Province are all members of this organization) 18.

The Eurasian Continental Bridge starts from Lianyungang and passes through China 19 provinces (Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang). Major coal distribution areas in China (Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Guizhou) 20.

Provinces that do not border with neighboring countries are (Guizhou, Qinghai, Ningxia).

8. (urgent) geographical knowledge, short, interesting

The northern hemisphere is in the north, the southern hemisphere is in the south, the eastern hemisphere is in the east, and Kiribati, a country in the western hemisphere, is in the west.

The temperature of lightning is several times that of the sun.

A beam of lightning falling to the ground carries 654.38 billion to 654.38 billion volts of electricity, and the temperature can reach 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit, which is three to four times the surface temperature of the sun.

second floor

The salt in the ocean is enough to make the land150m higher.

Ninth floor

In fact, the astronauts in orbit have been in a descending state, and gravity is equivalent to acceleration. There is no completely weightless area in space, just like there is no absolute vacuum in space, because the universe is full of many free atoms and particles.

If a dime-sized neutron star fragment falls to the ground, its weight will suddenly rise to 654.38 billion tons!

Gulliver's Travels, a novel written by jonathan swift in 1726, describes the size and rotation speed of two moons of Mars-Phobos and Phobos. 100 years later, scientists found that this plot was consistent with the facts.

The last "frog rain" appeared in Serbia in 2005, and London also encountered the same "frog rain" in 1998; In 2006, Yu Yu performed in India, and in 2004, Welsh also experienced a wonderful scene of "swimming in the rain".

You can spend 24 new years.