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The formation history of educational visual guidance
In China, the educational supervision system was established in the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906). At that time, there were 12 academic officers in the department, with a rank of five, who were responsible for investigating academic affairs outside Beijing. The Qing government also set up departments to promote learning in various provinces, including provincial inspection schools and schools set up by the government, prefectures and counties to persuade students to check. 1909 promulgated the "inspector regulations", which stipulated that inspectors should not be appointed, but should be appointed temporarily by staff of their own departments or administrators or teachers of schools directly under the central government. At that time, the whole country was divided into 12 visual school districts, and each school district sent two visual officers every year. Inspect three or four districts every year and once every three years. However, this provision has not been fully implemented in practice.

19 12 (the first year of the Republic of China), the government of the Republic of China established the Ministry of Education, and the inspector system still followed the old system in the late Qing Dynasty. 19 13 promulgated the inspection rules, and the whole country is divided into eight inspection areas. There are two inspectors in each district, including regular inspectors and temporary inspectors. The regular inspection time is from late August to early June of the following year, and the temporary inspection time is decided by the Chief Education Officer. Half of the inspections are conducted by employees in each department. The inspection items mainly include: ① education administration; ② school education; ③ School economy; ④ School hygiene; (5) employees perform tasks; ⑥ Social education and its facilities; ⑦ Chief special inspection items. In addition, there are three items: ① those that conflict with educational laws and regulations; (2) the total length of the judgment; (3) school teaching management matters.

19 17 the provincial education department was established. Provinces and counties subsequently established a unified inspection system. There are 4-6 provincial inspectors in the Provincial Department of Education, who are in charge of education supervision in the province, and it is expressly stipulated that only those who have graduated from liberal arts or higher normal schools, or graduated from normal schools with a bachelor's degree, have been engaged in educational affairs for more than 5 years, or have worked as principals or teachers in normal schools for more than 2 years are eligible to be provincial inspectors. In addition, it is also stipulated that there should be 1 ~ 3 county inspectors in each county, who are responsible for inspecting the educational matters in the county.

From 65438 to 0926, Guangzhou National Government established the Education Administration Committee, which was composed of several inspectors. 193 1 year, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China set up 4 ~ 6 inspectors to supervise national education. However, due to the small number of people, the director of the Ministry of Education, counselors or experts from outside the Ministry are often sent to give guidance for two to five months at a time. 194 1, the inspector's office was changed to the visual guidance room, with inspector 8 ~ 16, inspector 16 ~ 24, and a team member was required to cooperate with the visual guidance.

From 65438 to 0935, the government of the Republic of China implemented compulsory education, and all provinces and cities set up compulsory education inspectors. After training, the Ministry of Education went back to work to supervise and promote compulsory education in all provinces and cities. County (city) education bureau or education department also set up compulsory education tour guides and district tour guides.

From 1927 to 1949, in the revolutionary base area led by China * *, there was a supervision organization and a system in the educational administrative institutions.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Ministry of Education of the Central People's Government set up a visual guidance department, and other functional departments in the Ministry also set up part-time visual guidance personnel. 1955 In April, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Strengthening Inspection Work, which further emphasized the importance of visual guidance work. The education departments (bureaus) of all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions are equipped with tour guides. In addition to full-time staff, directors and section chiefs are generally tour guides and often go to primary schools to be tour guides. Later, due to the independent visual guidance institutions and personnel, they were often not familiar with the details of the problems handled by the competent business departments and could not cooperate closely with the business functional departments, so they cancelled the independent visual guidance institutions and personnel and handed over the visual guidance work to functional offices. During the "Cultural Revolution", the work of visual guidance stopped.

After 1976, the Ministry of Education first set up a number of inspectors to resume educational supervision. Starting from 198 1, education administrative departments at all levels have gradually restored the visual guidance system and added more visual guidance personnel. The focus of the guidance work has shifted to improving and improving the education business, so as to serve the business reform and improve the quality of education. 1983 In July, the Ministry of Education put forward the "Opinions on Establishing a General Education Inspector System" at the National General Education Work Conference, which clarified the tasks, institutional settings, personnel rights and conditions of inspectors, and required to conduct pilot projects first, gain experience, and then gradually implement them.