Yu's father is a gun, and his voice is roll, roll, roll, roll, roll, roll, roll, roll, roll, roll, roll. Huai Nan Zi says that Yu has become a yellow bear, so Yu is similar to a gun and is also a water thing. Tian Wen and Shan Hai Jing said that Yun died at the age of three, did not rot, and was born by caesarean section. So it should be the earliest recorded case of "caesarean section", and it was born by a big man. It is also said that some aquatic animals, such as owls, turtles and turtles, help Yu control water. Since there are many aquatic animals in the myth of water control, it is not surprising that Yu is similar to them.
Therefore, according to the principle of mythology, some philosophers concluded that Dayu was neither a god nor a specific "individual", but represented a tribe with "worm" as its totem.
I thought there should be more than one in history. There are three foundations:
First, the ancient books that recorded Dayu's deeds of water control were first found in Shangshu and The Book of Songs. In the inscription of the bronze ware "Qi Hou Zhong", there is "salty Kyushu, blocked by the place"; Yu's name also appears in the inscriptions of Qin Gonggui and Qin. On this basis, Mr. Wang thinks that Xia is "the most admired person among the ancient emperors" in A Brief History of China. It seems that Yu is a real person.
Secondly, "Historical Records of Xia Benji II" has the experience of writing in terms of birth and water control, and has always written that "hunting in the east, as for the meeting, it will collapse." In the meantime, of course, a large number of legends about Dayu's water control in ancient books before Qin Dynasty were quoted, but Sima Qian, as a rigorous historian, wrote down the burial place of Yu after his death in Xia Benji and explained its place name. "Or, jiangnan governors back to yu, because of the loss and collapse, named huiji. Auditors, accountants also. " It can be seen that Tai Shigong has a positive attitude towards Yu's death in Jiangnan Governors' Meeting and his burial in Shaoxing Huiji today. If Yu is just a myth, why did Tai Shigong describe his burial place in such detail?
Third, whether it is Wu Yue Chun Qiu, Historical Records, Zhushu, Yuejueshu, etc. It is recognized that the Yue family is a descendant of Yu Shouling. Historical Records of Goujian's Family records: "Goujian, the King of Yue, is a descendant of Yu and the illegitimate son of Shao Kang, the Xia emperor. It was sealed in Huiji to keep the sacrifice. " Wu Yuechun's Biography of Wang Qiuyue and Wu Yu contains "VI, Shao Kang, Emperor, Shao Kang was afraid of being sacrificed to Yu Yue, his illegitimate son, and his country name was named Yu". Interestingly, there are still villages in Dayu's tomb in Shaoxing, which are descendants of the tomb guards of that year. If there is no surplus in history, it seems unreasonable to defend an empty grave for thousands of years.
Which river did Dayu govern?
Since it is a real person, have you ever managed water and which river?
The traditional saying about Dayu's water control can be found in all kinds of ancient books. According to the productivity level at that time, most of them were incredible. For example, according to what has been said, the amount of water conservancy projects managed by Yu, even with today's advanced equipment, can draw such a huge sum of money from the state treasury and issue a pass for Yu to pass through Dongyi, Xirong and Nanman. These are beyond the jurisdiction of Dashun, and it is absolutely difficult to complete such a huge project within 13 years.
Recently, it has been said that Dayu's water control is not a surging river, but a seawater immersion. In the Yu era, sea level rose and seawater returned to the land. Legend has it all over the world that it was submerged by the sea. When the sea recedes, the ground is covered with mud, so it is not convenient to cultivate without treatment. It is this kind of field management that Dayu manages. Some scholars believe that this is roughly in line with what Confucius said: "Try to live in a ditch." The phenomena such as "cross flow of water" and "retrograde flow of water" mentioned in ancient books such as Mencius can only happen when seawater is submerged on a large scale.
The author agrees with Mr. Xu's statement about Dayu's water control.
Xu believes that "* * * Gong", * * County "and" Fushui ",which frequently appear in ancient books such as Gong Yu, Guoyu and Notes on Water Mirror, actually refer to a small river located in Huixian County, Henan Province, which is equivalent to the current Weihe River and flows together with Qishui. This place is just on the north bank of the bend of the Yellow River. The Yellow River has also received many tributaries here, and it is rich in water. It is the first time to enter the plain, so it is prone to disasters. Almost all the Yellow River floods occurred in this area.
The river governed by Dayu in history is this small river called "* * * water". And "flood" was originally a proper name, meaning "* * * water is a disaster", and later it became a common name. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi Water Department" explains: "Hong, Wei Shui also." Water, namely * * * water.
According to archaeological excavations, the site of Longshan Culture in Mengzhuang Site of Huixian County has the remains of a great flood. Longshan City in Mengzhuang was destroyed by the flood. The evidence is that there is a big gap in the middle of the Western Wall. At this gap of the western city wall, people in Erlitou period removed most of the silt here, and then built and compacted the western city wall in Erlitou period with plywood.
The flood in Huixian occurred in the late Longshan culture and before Erlitou culture, that is, in the Yu Shun period 4,000 years ago. The Yellow River changes course at this time, heading east and north in Henan. Huixian is the most seriously flooded place in the Yellow River, and Dayu's flood control should start from his hometown. Flood control in this section is basically flood discharge. It will flow northward along the Yellow River, and it will definitely flow through the Jiuhe River for diversion. Therefore, as stated in Historical Records of Rivers and Channels, "People first, water control for thirteen years, three times without entering the house", and finally the statement "Kyushu is sparse, Jiuze is sprinkled, and summer" may actually refer to leading the army of water control and diverting the nine rivers to solve the flood.
The new period corresponds to the establishment of the Xia Dynasty in about 100. According to the literature, Xinzhai site should be the location of Xiayi, the capital of the early summer, and the floods in Dachonggou and Huixian occurred at the same time, which also makes people have reason to speculate that the establishment of Xia Dynasty was related to Dayu's water control.
One of the most successful God-making movements.
When Yu succeeded in harnessing the * * * water, the world honored him as a man of God and "Dayu", and put him on an equal footing with heaven and earth, so-called "big, big, big". At that time, people even called the whole of China "Yu", which means the place where Dayu was treated, so that all the good wishes of river and waterlogging control were pinned on him. "Open Kyushu, connect Jiulu, hate Jiuze, spend Jiusan", and Dayu almost became an omnipotent god, and "Dayu's water control" evolved into the most successful god-making movement in ancient China.
The Book of Songs praises: "The flood is boundless, and Yu lays the earth." "Shangshu" said: "Yuping soil and water, the main name is mountains and rivers." "Zuo Zhuan" said: "Beautiful! Mingde is far away. Wei Yu, I am a fish! " "Historical Records" also said: "Dayu has made great contributions to controlling water and leveling the world."
Whether it's Historical Records, Zuo Zhuan, Shangshu, Book of Songs, Mencius, Mozi and Zhuangzi, or Notes on Water Mirror, Classic of Mountains and Seas, Huai Nan Zi, Tai Ping Guang Ji, Chu Ci, etc., almost all ancient books have become one of this god-making movement. Being completely deified, water control has become a mysterious fairy tale.
There are relics and legends about Dayu almost everywhere in China. There are Yu ruins and Yu palaces in Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province. There is Yumen in Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province; There is Yumenkou in Hejin County, Shanxi Province; There is a site of Wang Yucheng at the foot of Zhongtiao Mountain in Xia County, Shanxi Province. There is Yuwangtai in the suburb of Kaifeng, Henan; Yuxian has Yu Wang Suojiao Well; At the eastern end of Guishan Mountain in Wuhan, there is Yu Gong Ji; There is a stone tablet of Wang Yu on the top of Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, Hunan. Even in Nanjiang County, southwest Sichuan Province, there is a Yu Palace. In Luoyang, Henan Province, there is a legend that Dayu dug Longmen. These ruins of Dayu, which spread all over China, not only entrusted the Chinese people with their reverence for Dayu, but also witnessed the unprecedented movement of creating gods in ancient China.
But whether Dayu's water control is history or myth, the story of Dayu's water control will always be a valuable cultural wealth. Dayu's virtue of benefiting the people is always worthy of praise; Dayu's fighting spirit is always worth carrying forward.