It just passed a few days ago. I think the northland is frozen for thousands of miles, and Wan Li is snowing. However, the downtown area of Jiangmen in Lingnan is still sunny and bauhinia is in full bloom. Accompanied by the warm sunshine, I went to Chen Baisha Memorial Hall to pay my respects to this great scholar.
Historically, Lingnan was known as the land of barbarians, and Chen Baisha was the only scholar in Lingnan who was allowed to sacrifice in Confucius' hometown (Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province), so he was called "the first person in Lingnan".
Chen Baisha (1428— 1500), a famous naturalist thinker, educator, calligrapher, poet and life scientist in Ming Dynasty, was the first person in Lingnan Guqin. He initiated the study of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty, and founded the "White Sands Theory" or "Jiangmen School", which was based on Taoism, took nature as a religion, and was complacent in learning what was expensive and knew what was doubtful. Chen Baisha's original name was Chen Xianzhang (1428- 1500), with the word Gongfu,No. Shizhai, andno. Lao Jasper, Yutai lay man, fisherman in Jiangmen, woodcutter in Nanhai and old man in Huang Yun. In the third year of Xuande (A.D. 1428), on October 21st, Ming Xuanzong was born in Metropolitan Village, Xinhui County (now Xinhui District, Jiangmen City). It is Chen's posthumous son, and his mother is a virtuous woman.
In September of the third year of Xuande, Chen died at the age of 27. About January after his death, Chen Xianzhang was born. His brother Chen Xianwen is five years old and his mother Lin is twenty-four. At the age of ten, Chen Xianzhang's mother, Lin Shi, followed the story of Meng Mu and chose a neighbor to live in. Her family moved from Metropolis Village to Baisha Village. After that, Chen Xianzhang gave lectures in Baisha Village, and became famous all over the world. He was called Mr. Baisha in academic circles.
Smart and studious since childhood, he was raised by a virtuous mother, Lin. He can write poetry, which is very good and ambitious. When he was weak, he was born. At the age of twenty, I took the provincial examination and got the ninth place in the jury. At the age of twenty-one, he took part in the imperial examination in Chen Wu, and was ranked as the top scholar and deputy top scholar. Sue went to imperial academy to study. Jingtai took the exam again in the second year and ranked first. At the age of twenty-seven, Chen Xianzhang abandoned his son's career and found another way to seek artificial holiness. He went to Jiangxi to learn from Wu Yubi, a famous scholar, to explore the origin of Elo. Wu Yubi (Mr. Kang Zhai) urged him to make progress. At the age of 28, I returned to Baisha Village, built a spring balcony, stayed at home, browsed ancient and modern classics, and let my family eat food outside the window every day, which is called "cave wall feeding". When he is sleepy, he washes his face with clean water. If he does, he still has no clue in his studies, because he studies hard day and night, and his body is almost exhausted. Of course, he still didn't get any benefit from this method of studying the dead, but this kind of heart doesn't conform to this principle. Fortunately, Mr. Baisha woke up to his lost way, so he gave up the complicated dating and only meditated and developed clues from it. "For a long time, then see my heart dew body, often if something happens, all kinds of entertainment daily, as I wish, such as the title of royal horse. Understand physics, collect hadith, and have their own ideas, such as the active Committee of water. " Therefore, Jiangmen School, which is "based on Tao, based on nature, learning to doubt and learn to be complacent", was finally founded with morality.
Mr. Baisha advocates rejuvenating the country through education. He said: "The beauty and evil in the world lie in people, and whether people have virtue lies in teaching." "Since ancient times, there has been a state-owned family, and it has never been a career to promote learning and education." Set up a small Lushan Academy to teach. Pursue Confucius' thought of "teaching without class", "it is an academic work, rich and poor, and talents are not shared." Others have no choice. " "Going out is more about poverty and self-reliance than wealth. Its high winds are far away. Zhan Ruoshui, who served as a minister in the Ritual Department, the Official Department and the Military Department of the Ming Dynasty, was a student of Mr. Baisha. He further put forward the idea of "understanding the principles of nature everywhere in daily life" based on Mr. Baisha's theory of "taking Tao as the foundation and teaching nature", which won Mr. Baisha's appreciation. Before his death, Mr. Baisha gave Zhan Ruoshui his lecture place Diaoyutai to show that it was passed down from generation to generation.
Mr. Baisha is good at writing poems, and he often teaches poems when giving lectures, which is called "poetry teaching". Baisha's poems are good at expressing nature's wishes, and there is no abuse of affectation or moaning. At that time, they were as famous as Zhuang Dingshan, a poet of Han and Yuan Dynasties, and were called Chen Nanbei Zhuang. At the age of thirty-nine, Mr. Baisha visited imperial academy. Xing Rang, the wine waiter, tried his hand and asked Mr. Baisha to write a poem. Mr. Baisha wrote a poem "Today is nothing and Yang Guishan", which was greatly appreciated by Xing Rang, and even called it "Your mountain is not as good as yours". Mr. Baisha became famous in North Korea, when North Korea rushed to walk with him.
At the age of fifty-six, Mr. Baisha was recommended to Beijing, and the capital was declared a saint. Because of his mother's illness, Mr. Baisha begged Emperor Chenghua for support, granted permission, and was awarded the post of review by imperial academy. After his death, he still works in the future. Mr. Baisha Xie Yinan returns. In the thirteenth year of Hongzhi, Wu Shizhong recommended eight people, including Shang Shuwang, Assistant Minister Liu, Xie and Mr. Baisha, to serve in the DPRK. The letter of appointment came, and Mr. Bai Sha died on February 10th at the age of 73.
Jiangmen has many relics of Mr. Chen Baisha, except the long-lost Chu Yun Terrace, Spring Balcony, Lushan Academy and Jiahui Building, as well as Baisha Temple, Jade Pagoda and Jie Zhen Monument Square, all of which are buildings of the Ming Dynasty. Among them, chastity archway has also been designated as "key cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province". In addition, there are memorial buildings such as the former site of Diaoyutai and Baisha Park.
Chen Baisha Memorial Hall is located in Ren Xianli (No.44 West Street), Baisha Town, Jiangmen City. The main entrance is a tall stone archway with cornices and upturned corners, and there is a vivid "two dragons playing with pearls" at the top of the gatehouse. Above the gatehouse, six characters of "Chen Baisha Memorial Hall" are engraved, and a pair of couplets are engraved on the left and right sides of the gate: "Zhe Shao Zhu Cheng, Zishui Huang Yun Li Xingyi; It's the way of Confucius and Mencius, and the breeze shines in Jiangmen. "The whole archway is made of granite, imposing.
As soon as I entered the gate, the bronze statue of Mr. Chen Baisha in the center of the square came into view. He is vigorous, wearing a square towel, dressed as a Confucian, with a beard in his right hand and a book in his left hand. His face is kind and personable, as if he had traveled through the smoke of time and came to the world. There is a granite horizontal plaque in front of the bronze statue, engraved with the words "Qian Qiu" inscribed by Mr. Wang's great disciple Zhan Ruoshui. I don't have much respect for Mr. Chen Baisha.
Then there is the magnificent wooden and stone archway, and the word chastity shines brightly.
I have seen many concepts about chastity in movies or literary works, but as a memorial hall for Confucian saints, there is a memorial archway of chastity, which is bound to be full of stories. It turns out that Mr. Baisha is a posthumous child and his father was born one month after his death. At that time, the biological mother Lin was only 24 years old. She hasn't remarried since her husband died. She worked hard all her life to bring up Chen Baisha and her five-year-old brother and let them study. Mr. Baisha was recommended to Beijing at the age of 56. Unexpectedly, his mother was ill. He told Ming Xianzong about his unusual begging performance and asked Ming Xianzong to go back to his hometown to wait on her. Tang Xianzong was very moved when he saw it (great mother, I am also very moved when I learn about it now), so he was awarded the post of review by the Hanlin Academy, allowed to return to his hometown, and wrote a letter for the memorial archway of Linli Chastity. We saw the word "chastity" on the archway, with the word "imperial edict" on it, and the word "Mother's Day son" on the back of the archway. That's the reason.
Zhenjie archway was built in A.D. 1477. It is one of the two existing Ming archways in Guangdong Province and has been listed as the historical and cultural heritage of Guangdong Province. This three-dimensional wooden and stone archway is magnificent in appearance, rigorous in structure, edged with green glazed tiles, and the whole archway needs no nailing and riveting, which is really a unique art of ancient architecture in China.
Behind the chastity archway is Chen Baisha Temple. Baisha Temple was originally a family temple, which was built in 1584. He He, the minister of Nanjing Ritual Department, and the magistrate of Xinhui proposed to donate money to build it in memory of Chen Baisha. The plane layout of Baisha Temple is quadrilateral, facing south, with a total depth of four floors. It consists of Chunyang Hall (entrance hall), Jiezhen Hall, Chongzheng Hall and Biyu Building, and the front and rear buildings are connected by symmetrical cloisters.
The first entrance of Chunyang Hall is also called the foyer. Chunyang Hall was named to commemorate the "Spring Balcony" where Mr. Chen Baisha studied and gave lectures before his death. The "Spring Balcony" is also a place where Mr. Chen Baisha meditates and realizes the Tao.
The most striking thing about Chunyang Hall is the three plaques hanging in the center of Chunyang Hall. The first one is "Dai Sheng is a true Confucian", and the owner of the ancestral hall has a prominent position in Confucianism. The second "Chen Baisha Ancestral Temple" shows the past life of Chen Baisha Memorial Hall, and the third "Jiangmen's Dignity". Mr. Chen Baisha's theory is called "Jiangmen School", which is the birthplace of Jiangmen School. On both sides of Chunyang Temple, there are two groups of high-foot cards, which are engraved with the words "Confucian Temple Sacrifice", "Xiangxian Sacrifice" and "Loyalty and Filial Piety Sacrifice" respectively.
In the 13th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1585), the imperial court approved that Mr. Chen Baisha should be enshrined in the "Confucian Temple" in Qufu, Shandong Province, in recognition of his contribution to the enlightenment of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty (that is, the Confucian Temple is the highest treatment for literati), and he should be enshrined with the sages of previous dynasties. Historically, Lingnan area was called the land of barbarians. Since ancient times, Mr. Chen Baisha is the only Confucian figure among the celebrities in Lingnan area who can be worshipped in Confucius Temple, so Mr. Baisha is also known as "one person in Lingnan". These high-profile plaques fully show Mr. Chen Baisha's prominent position in the field of science.
The right wing of Chunyangtang simulates the reading scene of Mr. Chen Baisha;
The second building is the Chastity Hall, named after commemorating the chastity deeds of Mr. Chen Baisha's mother, and it is a place to worship Chen Xianzhang's parents.
The word "Chastity Hall" on the wooden plaque on the lintel is said to have been written by Chen Baisha's teacher Wu Yubi (Wu Kangzhai). It is said that Mr. Wu is knowledgeable and familiar with the books of ancient sages. Mr. Chen Baisha studied with him for half a year, but failed to get started. Later, I returned to Jiangmen to think hard behind closed doors for ten years and finally realized the Tao. This also reflects from one side that sages actually have no "special functions", and they also reap what they sow. If there is any superman, I'm afraid there is only one, and that is extraordinary perseverance. The word "the pulse connects the goose lake" means that Mr. Chen Baisha inherits Zhu's academic thought. On both sides of the wall and Mr. Chen Baisha's restored handwriting, all written by himself:
After the Chastity Hall, we arrived at Chongzheng Hall, the third entrance. The overall structure of Chongzheng Hall is basically the same as that of Chastity Hall.
Chongzheng Hall is a place dedicated to Mr. Chen Baisha. The plaque of Chongzheng Hall is hung at the main entrance, and the statue of Mr. Baisha is enshrined in the shrine in the middle of the hall. In front of the statue, there is a spirit tablet of Mr. Bai, which reads, "imperial academy was entrusted to examine the famous officials of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties, and the memorial tablets of Mr. and Mrs. Bai were on both sides. The woodcut couplets in the hall "Confucianism and Mencius for three thousand years, the first to promote Cheng Zhu" are said to have been given by the court in the second year of Wanli, and the plaques such as "Penglai's first peak" and "Shengdao Nanzong" all show and witness the lofty position of Baisha Theory in the Neo-Confucianism and the ruling and opposition circles in the Ming Dynasty.
In the corridors on both sides of Chongzheng Hall, there are "Oracle Monument" and "Loyalty Monument", both of which are Mr. Chen Baisha's Mao Long calligraphy works.
The last entrance of Baisha Temple is Jasper House. Bi Lou Yu, a two-story building, is where Mr. Chen Baisha supports his mother. After his mother died, it became the rest room for his old age. It is said that Mr. Chen Baisha had a piece of jade, which was recovered. He built this building to hide it and named it "Jade Pagoda". It is said that the plaque of "Jade Pagoda" was written by Zhan Ruoshui, a successor of Mr. Chen Baisha.
Around Baisha Temple, there are many historical buildings such as Xiaolushan Academy and Baisha Hometown.
Xiaolushan Academy, located in the east of Baisha Temple, is now set as the "Exhibition Hall of Mr. Chen Baisha's Deeds", which displays the biographical data of Mr. Chen Baisha and Mo Bao's rubbings.
On the west side of Baisha Temple is an ancient residential building, which is called "the hometown of Baisha".
This is an old residential building full of rich historical and cultural heritage, which exudes rich historical charm and local characteristics.
Look at these two beautiful women, trying to peek at history through the door.
At the northern end of Baisha's hometown, there is a "Baisha Farming and Reading Garden". Chen Baisha was poor and happy all his life. "On February 8th, Jiangmen Market bought both hoes and books. The field can be cultivated, the book can be read, and it is half-agricultural and half-Confucian. " Simple poems express the aspirations of a generation of great scholars. The pavilion in the distance of the lens below is the "Xiaolushan Monument Pavilion", and the corridor connected with the Monument Pavilion is called the "viewing corridor".
Behind the pavilion is an earth slope. Walking along the path to the northeast, you can see Chen Baisha's parents' grave. The burial tomb is garden-shaped, made of marble, surrounded by green cypresses, and the words on the stone tablet are written by Mr. Baisha with Mao Long pen. I looked at the grave for a while and suddenly admired it.
Mr. Chen Baisha inherited Confucianism from Confucius and Mencius, and finally founded the philosophical thought of "taking nature as the teaching, taking Tao as the foundation, enjoying what he has learned, and doubting what he has learned", and founded Jiangmen School, which shows the world by virtue. His academic achievements "shine for a while" and "hang down for later generations", inheriting Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and enlightening Confucianism, promoted the prosperity of academic thoughts from the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty.
Mr. Chen Baisha advocates rejuvenating the country through education. He said: "the beauty and evil in the world depend on people, and whether people have virtue depends on education." Since ancient times, there has been a state-owned family, and it is not a business to promote learning and teaching. " Xiaolushan Academy, which is set up to teach students, pursues Confucius' idea of "teaching without distinction". As an outstanding educator in the Ming Dynasty, Mr. Chen Baisha also produced many outstanding students, such as Zhan Ruoshui, a former minister in the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Government and the Ministry of War, and Liang Chu, a famous minister presented by a college student in Wenhua Pavilion, all of whom became his disciples. It is also said that, influenced by the noble character of the old people who are knowledgeable but far away from temples and indifferent to fame and fortune, most of them are self-reliant and don't care about wealth. It's good.
Mr. Baisha was also the most famous calligrapher in Lingnan in Ming Dynasty. His brush and calligraphy are unique in Guangdong book circle, and occupy an important position in the history of China calligraphy. Mr. Baisha left many traces of calligraphy, such as the first tablet in Lingnan, the tablet in Ciyuan Temple, the word "forbearance", the tablet in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and the tablet in Jingyi. Baisha Maolongbi enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. After several generations' inheritance, "Baisha Maolong Pen-making Skills" was selected as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008.
Jiangmen has many relics of Mr. Chen Baisha. In addition to the above-mentioned "Baisha Temple", "Biyulou" and "Jie Zhen Monument Square", there are also memorial buildings such as "Diaoyutai Site" and "Baisha Park". However, Chu Yun Terrace, Spring Balcony, Lushan Academy and Jiahui Building are unfortunately lost in the dust of history.
At the junction of Dizhong Road and Diaotai Road in the style street of "arcade" in Jiangmen Long Beach, there is an antique courtyard completely unrelated to arcade building. It is the former site of Diaoyutai in Jiangmen, originally built by Mr. Chen Baisha, and named Diaoyutai because of giving lectures and fishing in his spare time.
Diaoyutai was originally a quadrangle-style building, which was three stories deep and reached the river, but it was destroyed because of disrepair. After three years of Qianlong reign, Diaoyutai was restored. 1927 a long dike was built along the river to clear the way, and Diaoyutai and the first two buildings were demolished, leaving only the back seat building (the third building), which is now the former site of Diaoyutai.
According to the records of Xinhui County Records, the former Diaoyutai is said to be the place where Mr. Chen Baisha fished, drank with friends and passed on scriptures in his spare time. The platform is half-moon-shaped, based on stone, surrounded by iron fences, and the scenery of Pengjiang River can be seen on the stage. So there is a portrait of Mr. Chen Baisha in the middle of the address, which was erected during the reconstruction of the old site during the Republic of China. There are two horizontal plaques, "Confucianism in Lingnan Middle School" and "One Man in Lingnan", and the Municipal Cultural Center has now turned Baisha Diaoyutai into a cultural relic sightseeing spot for tourists to enjoy.
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Tour guide
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Address: No.37 Xibaisha Avenue, Pengjiang District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province
Bus routes: No.2, No.6, 14, 17, 103,10/8, and get off at Baishaci Station.
Opening hours: Tuesday to Sunday from 9: 00- 17: 00, closed on Mondays and open as usual on holidays.
Admission: free.
Appointment explanation: 50 yuan/venue, free audio guide system is provided in the museum.