In the north of the city in early spring, the Fenjiang River is calm and meanders through the city quietly.
Foshan people of different ages have different views on this silent "mother river". The younger generation often only regards it as a stinking ditch, but "Old Foshan" clearly remembers how gentle and beautiful Fenjiang was.
But even the elderly Foshan people often don't fully realize that this river, which is much older than the ancestral temple with a history of more than 900 years and the Nanfeng ancient stove with a kiln fire of 500 years, brings Foshan people more than just clear water.
In fact, even the ancient ancestral temple and Nanfeng ancient stove can't make such a great contribution to the history of Foshan like this scarred river.
"River of Wealth" in History
Winter and spring are the dry seasons of Fenjiang River, and black stones are exposed in the river. Although there are occasional ships carrying sand and coal on the river, the situation is not what it used to be. Fenjiang River is no longer the water transport hub of the North River and the West River.
However, historically, because Foshan lives in the upper reaches of Guangzhou and Fenjiang River is the only place where the northern waterway goes to Guangzhou, "the speed of merchants from all over the world coming to Guangdong is just right", and "the goods from Sichuan, Guangzhou, Yunnan and Guizhou go to Foshan first and then transfer to the northern and southern provinces."
Because of this advantage, Foshan became an important commercial and handicraft town in the south after the middle of Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Foshan, Hankou, Jingdezhen and Zhu Xian were called "four famous towns" in the world. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Foshan reached a peak, and was called "Sihui" with Shi Jing, Suzhou and Hankou, forming a commercial center with "three fairs and six cities, nine heads and eight tails, thirteen sands and twenty-eight shops" in the city.
During the Daoguang period, there were more than 200 kinds of north and south commodities in Foshan market. Many streets and lanes are named after industries, such as Julie Street, Buxiang Street, Huashan Street and Beef Lane. Businessmen from all over the world have also set up several guild halls in Foshan, such as Shanshan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Chun 'an, Chubei, Fujian, Chaomei and Hainan. By the Fenjiang River, Foshan became the center of China's north-south trade and commodity circulation at that time.
At that time, the local handicraft industry in Foshan was also quite developed, with iron smelting, textile and pottery making as the pillars, and there were at least 100 other industries, among which Fenjiang also played an indispensable role.
Take the iron smelting industry as an example. In recent years, the existing large-scale iron clocks cast in Foshan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties are mostly distributed in counties along the Xijiang River Basin and Hejiang River Basin in Guangxi, such as Luoding County, Fengkai County, Yunan County, Cangwu County, Hexian County, Zhongshan County and Fucun County in Guangxi, which fully shows that the market circulation of local handicrafts in Foshan can not be separated from Fenjiang, a "logistics artery".
During the reign of Kangxi, the story of Lingxiu Yingci described that ants were attached to the berth of Fenjiang "barge" at that time, and the way of sailing in the middle of the river was not abundant martial arts, killing each other, and the noise was louder than four or five miles. This "logistics artery" is a busy scene.
Foshan's "Cultural Flow"
With the active local handicraft industry and commercial economy, Foshan's folk culture gradually flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The most representative folk culture in Foshan, martial arts in style, is Cantonese opera and martial arts. Their prosperity is also related to Fenjiang River.
Chen Feinong, an old artist of Cantonese Opera, said in The Origin and History of Cantonese Opera: "The place where Cantonese Opera germinates and grows is Foshan. More than 300 years ago, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Foshan had a local class, and these organizations formed the first Cantonese opera performance group-Qionghua Guild Hall. "
According to experts' research, Qionghua Club is located near Dajiwei River in Fenjiang River. This is also the only way for upstream ships to enter Foshan. Less than a few hundred meters, it was the water distribution shop in Foshan's famous business district at that time. At that time, Cantonese opera actors were called "children of the Red Boat" and "lived in Ge all the year round and could go to various towns without rest".
At that time, Foshan's waterways extended in all directions, and there were water crossings in Poshan, Sanzhouwei, Heqing, Gulao, Zhuangbu, Zidong, Dafu, Xiajiao and Southwest China. The children of the Red Boat set out from Fenjiang River and rowed a boat to perform everywhere.
During the Yongzheng period, Zhang Wu, a famous actress from Beijing, fled to Guangdong, lived in a small boat at Dajiwei, and awarded it to the children of Red Boat with Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera. Zhang Wu is not only good at civil and military skills, but also good at martial arts. He lives in Shaolin School and teaches Shaolin Boxing to his disciples in Japan, which is generally considered to be the origin of the southern school martial arts in Cantonese opera.
During the Xianfeng period, the Red Scarf Army uprising broke out in Foshan, which shocked China and foreign countries. Its leaders are Chen Kai, president of Guangdong Heaven and Earth Society, and Li, a famous Cantonese opera actor. The main force of the rebel army is thousands of children of the Red Boat, who row boats on the Fenjiang River all day.
Although the style of practicing martial arts in Foshan has been popular since the early Ming Dynasty, many famous martial arts masters in Foshan have a certain relationship with Zhang Wu in the future. In the late Qing Dynasty, Master Liang Zan, the king of Wing Chun Boxing, learned southern Shaolin boxing from Liang Erdao, the son of Red Boat. Yip Man, a disciple of Liang Zanchuan, is the master of superstar Bruce Lee.
The Great Sacrifice of Mother River
After the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, China gradually built an increasingly perfect railway transportation network, and the status of inland river transportation in economic development declined day by day. 1903, the Guangsan Railway connecting Xijiang River and Beijiang River was opened, and Foshan Railway Station was established. The modernization of Fenjiang River, which lasted for hundreds of years, gradually came to an end.
Li Xian, who grew up on the Fenjiang River, said that in the early days of liberation, although there were often ships from Guangxi and Yunnan, they all took the Fenjiang River and went to Guangzhou Port. When sailing against the current, the boatman had to go into the water to pull fibers along the coast. However, when Foshan citizens go to Guangzhou, they generally choose to take the train at the railway station. In his impression, although the passenger ships that used to go to Guangzhou were reopened twice on the Fenjiang River, they were eventually suspended due to insufficient customers.
Nowadays, many stories related to Fenjiang River in the memory of old Foshan are mostly swimming, frolicking, catching fish and so on, but in fact, all these are no longer the images of Fenjiang River and modern people.
After the end of 1970s, the once stagnant market economy gradually recovered. Foshan, which has developed industry and commerce in history, has taken the lead in China's reform and opening up, and a large number of industrial enterprises have risen. Although the Fenjiang River is no longer a traffic artery, it is still very convenient as a transportation channel for general raw materials and products, and there are more and more industrial enterprises along the Fenjiang River.
From then on, Fenjiang began a humiliating history of 30 years. "Mother River" silently endured all kinds of "poisonous water" injected into its body and became black and smelly. This can also be said to be a great and helpless sacrifice of "Mother River".
Today, the prosperity along the Fenjiang River is no longer what it used to be. The business center of Foshan has moved from here to Shengping Road and Zumiao Road, and the new business center has risen again. People cheered Foshan's gradual transition from Fenjiang era to Dongping River era.
But this cannot change the fact that the "roots" of Foshan's history, economy and culture are in Fenjiang.
□ News link
Eight views of Fenjiang River
Foshan selected eight scenic spots which were most widely circulated and recorded in historical books during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are Lindong Cui Yong, Qingzhen Louguan, Tapo Pastoral Singing, Gangxin Tobacco Market, Nanpu Passenger Ship, Ancient Village Casting, Cai Hong at the end of the village and Fenjiang Gudu.
Among them, more than half of the scenic spots such as Louguan in Qingzhen, Gangxin Tobacco Market, Nanpu Passenger Ship, Cai Hong at the end of the village and Gudu in Fenjiang River are located on both sides of Fenjiang River or its tributaries.
Qingzhen Louguan is still in the ancestral hall, well preserved, located on the bank of Luoshui, a tributary of Fenjiang River at that time (now Zumiao Road). The existing Qingzhen Building was built in the first year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1796), and it is two stories high. At that time, people climbed up the building and leaned against the railing, giving a panoramic view of Foshan Town, which was listed as one of the eight ancient scenic spots in Foshan.
Gangxin tobacco market is located on the three-point mountain, in Jigang Street at the end of the county road. In the Ming Dynasty, at the foot of Jiao Gang at three o'clock was the mainstream of Fenjiang River. At that time, the exit of Jurenli was the place where the pier went up and down. Mainlanders and nearby residents once set up a night market in front of Wugang to sell daily necessities and food. Because of the raging flames, people call it Gangxin tobacco market.
Nanpu passenger ship is in Nanpu township, in front of the bridge, and the station is in the area of Lingnan Avenue. At that time, this area was Luoshui (Foshan Yong). Every year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, a dragon boat race is held. In summer, literati from all walks of life will also come here to swim in the river to escape the heat, and literati will also hire painting boats to write poems here. At that time, boats such as crucian carp crossed the river, and people called them Nanpu passenger ships. Now most rivers have been covered and turned into underground waterways.
At the end of the village, the rainbow hangs in front of Nanji Kannonji at the end of the village. At that time, Luoshuiyong flowed all the way to the vicinity of Tongji Bridge. Tongji Bridge, a long stone arch bridge, is named after the sunset, which shines on the bridge, reflecting in the river, falling from the sky like a rainbow, and its colors rippling on the water. The bridge site is now at the intersection of Pulan Highway and has been rebuilt.
Fenjiang Gudu is located at Zhengbu Wharf at the end of Yong 'an Road in the south embankment. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Chinese and foreign businessmen went to Foshan to purchase goods, and most of them landed here (officials also greeted them here). Ships come and go day and night, and the passengers on the boat are endless, crowded and lively, which has become a scene.
Historical and cultural resources along the Fenjiang River
Fenjiang Waterway has a long history and is rich in historical relics and cultural resources, including 1 historical and cultural block, 6 cultural relics, 6 historical relics and 2 ecological villages. Among them, the historical and cultural block is located on the other side of Zhongshan Park, including Fenning Road and Shengping Road. Cultural relics include Zhongshan Park, Zhongshan Bridge, the former site of Lingliang Society, the former site of Huaying Middle School, the site of Wangyuegang Ancient Volcano, and the Gong Li Temple in Luocun. Historic sites include Liufen Gudu, Zhengbu Wharf, Cantonese Opera Performance Hall, Changxing Street on Shengping Road, Taoliyuan, Yanzitan levee, etc. Ecological villages include Langsha and Diebei.
In the north of the city in early spring, the Fenjiang River is calm and meanders through the city quietly.
Foshan people of different ages have different views on this silent "mother river". The younger generation often only regards it as a stinking ditch, but "Old Foshan" clearly remembers how gentle and beautiful Fenjiang was.
But even the elderly Foshan people often don't fully realize that this river, which is much older than the ancestral temple with a history of more than 900 years and the Nanfeng ancient stove with a kiln fire of 500 years, brings Foshan people more than just clear water.
In fact, even the ancient ancestral temple and Nanfeng ancient stove can't make such a great contribution to the history of Foshan like this scarred river.
"River of Wealth" in History
Winter and spring are the dry seasons of Fenjiang River, and black stones are exposed in the river. Although there are occasional ships carrying sand and coal on the river, the situation is not what it used to be. Fenjiang River is no longer the water transport hub of the North River and the West River.
However, historically, because Foshan lives in the upper reaches of Guangzhou and Fenjiang River is the only place where the northern waterway goes to Guangzhou, "the speed of merchants from all over the world coming to Guangdong is just right", and "the goods from Sichuan, Guangzhou, Yunnan and Guizhou go to Foshan first and then transfer to the northern and southern provinces."
Because of this advantage, Foshan became an important commercial and handicraft town in the south after the middle of Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Foshan, Hankou, Jingdezhen and Zhu Xian were called "four famous towns" in the world. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Foshan reached a peak, and was called "Sihui" with Shi Jing, Suzhou and Hankou, forming a commercial center with "three fairs and six cities, nine heads and eight tails, thirteen sands and twenty-eight shops" in the city.
Respondent: 222.50. 174. * 20 10-5-3 10: 46.
njttyji78
Respondents:113.70.128. * 20 10-5-3 14: 44.
Honey finch
Interviewee: He is a class of 200712010-5-518: 07.
dfdfdfdfdfdfdfdfdsf
Respondents:113.70.106. * 20 10-5-5 18: 25.
Winter and spring are the dry seasons of Fenjiang River, and black stones are exposed in the river. Although there are occasional ships carrying sand and coal on the river, the situation is not what it used to be. Fenjiang River is no longer the water transport hub of the North River and the West River.
References:
All rights reserved by Guangfo Metropolitan Network.
Defendant: Princess Bai Le-Grade II 2010-5-811:18.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Foshan was one of the "four famous towns" and "four gathering places". Cantonese opera, martial arts and other folk cultures are famous at home and abroad, all of which are related to Fenjiang River.
In the north of the city in early spring, the Fenjiang River is calm and meanders through the city quietly.
Foshan people of different ages have different views on this silent "mother river". The younger generation often only regards it as a stinking ditch, but "Old Foshan" clearly remembers how gentle and beautiful Fenjiang was.
But even the elderly Foshan people often don't fully realize that this river, which is much older than the ancestral temple with a history of more than 900 years and the Nanfeng ancient stove with a kiln fire of 500 years, brings Foshan people more than just clear water.
In fact, even the ancient ancestral temple and Nanfeng ancient stove can't make such a great contribution to the history of Foshan like this scarred river.
"River of Wealth" in History
Winter and spring are the dry seasons of Fenjiang River, and black stones are exposed in the river. Although there are occasional ships carrying sand and coal on the river, the situation is not what it used to be. Fenjiang River is no longer the water transport hub of the North River and the West River.
However, historically, because Foshan lives in the upper reaches of Guangzhou and Fenjiang River is the only place where the northern waterway goes to Guangzhou, "the speed of merchants from all over the world coming to Guangdong is just right", and "the goods from Sichuan, Guangzhou, Yunnan and Guizhou go to Foshan first and then transfer to the northern and southern provinces."
Because of this advantage, Foshan became an important commercial and handicraft town in the south after the middle of Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Foshan, Hankou, Jingdezhen and Zhu Xian were called "four famous towns" in the world. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Foshan reached a peak, and was called "Sihui" with Shi Jing, Suzhou and Hankou, forming a commercial center with "three fairs and six cities, nine heads and eight tails, thirteen sands and twenty-eight shops" in the city.
During the Daoguang period, there were more than 200 kinds of north and south commodities in Foshan market. Many streets and lanes are named after industries, such as Julie Street, Buxiang Street, Huashan Street and Beef Lane. Businessmen from all over the world have also set up several guild halls in Foshan, such as Shanshan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Chun 'an, Chubei, Fujian, Chaomei and Hainan. By the Fenjiang River, Foshan became the center of China's north-south trade and commodity circulation at that time.
At that time, the local handicraft industry in Foshan was also quite developed, with iron smelting, textile and pottery making as the pillars, and there were at least 100 other industries, among which Fenjiang also played an indispensable role.
Take the iron smelting industry as an example. In recent years, the existing large-scale iron clocks cast in Foshan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties are mostly distributed in counties along the Xijiang River Basin and Hejiang River Basin in Guangxi, such as Luoding County, Fengkai County, Yunan County, Cangwu County, Hexian County, Zhongshan County and Fucun County in Guangxi, which fully shows that the market circulation of local handicrafts in Foshan can not be separated from Fenjiang, a "logistics artery".
During the reign of Kangxi, the story of Lingxiu Yingci described that ants were attached to the berth of Fenjiang "barge" at that time, and the way of sailing in the middle of the river was not abundant martial arts, killing each other, and the noise was louder than four or five miles. This "logistics artery" is a busy scene.
Foshan's "Cultural Flow"
With the active local handicraft industry and commercial economy, Foshan's folk culture gradually flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The most representative folk culture in Foshan, martial arts in style, is Cantonese opera and martial arts. Their prosperity is also related to Fenjiang River.
Chen Feinong, an old artist of Cantonese Opera, said in The Origin and History of Cantonese Opera: "The place where Cantonese Opera germinates and grows is Foshan. More than 300 years ago, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Foshan had a local class, and these organizations formed the first Cantonese opera performance group-Qionghua Guild Hall. "
According to experts' research, Qionghua Club is located near Dajiwei River in Fenjiang River. This is also the only way for upstream ships to enter Foshan. Less than a few hundred meters, it was the water distribution shop in Foshan's famous business district at that time. At that time, Cantonese opera actors were called "children of the Red Boat" and "lived in Ge all the year round and could go to various towns without rest".
At that time, Foshan's waterways extended in all directions, and there were water crossings in Poshan, Sanzhouwei, Heqing, Gulao, Zhuangbu, Zidong, Dafu, Xiajiao and Southwest China. The children of the Red Boat set out from Fenjiang River and rowed a boat to perform everywhere.
During the Yongzheng period, Zhang Wu, a famous actress from Beijing, fled to Guangdong, lived in a small boat at Dajiwei, and awarded it to the children of Red Boat with Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera. Zhang Wu is not only good at civil and military skills, but also good at martial arts. He lives in Shaolin School and teaches Shaolin Boxing to his disciples in Japan, which is generally considered to be the origin of the southern school martial arts in Cantonese opera.
Nanpu passenger ship is in Nanpu township, in front of the bridge, and the station is in the area of Lingnan Avenue. At that time, this area was Luoshui (Foshan Yong). Every year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, a dragon boat race is held. In summer, literati from all walks of life will also come here to swim in the river to escape the heat, and literati will also hire painting boats to write poems here. At that time, boats such as crucian carp crossed the river, and people called them Nanpu passenger ships. Now most rivers have been covered and turned into underground waterways.
At the end of the village, the rainbow hangs in front of Nanji Kannonji at the end of the village. At that time, Luoshuiyong flowed all the way to the vicinity of Tongji Bridge. Tongji Bridge, a long stone arch bridge, is named after the sunset, which shines on the bridge, reflecting in the river, falling from the sky like a rainbow, and its colors rippling on the water. The bridge site is now at the intersection of Pulan Highway and has been rebuilt. Fenjiang Gudu is located at Zhengbu Wharf at the end of Yong 'an Road in the south embankment. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Chinese and foreign businessmen went to Foshan to purchase goods, and most of them landed here (officials also greeted them here). Ships come and go day and night, and the passengers on the boat are endless, crowded and lively, which has become a scene. Fenjiang Waterway has a long history and is rich in historical relics and cultural resources, including 1 historical and cultural block, 6 cultural relics, 6 historical relics and 2 ecological villages. Among them, the historical and cultural block is located on the other side of Zhongshan Park, including Fenning Road and Shengping Road. Cultural relics include Zhongshan Park, Zhongshan Bridge, the former site of Lingliang Society, the former site of Huaying Middle School, the site of Wangyuegang Ancient Volcano, and the Gong Li Temple in Luocun. Historic sites include Liufen Gudu, Zhengbu Wharf, Cantonese Opera Performance Hall, Changxing Street on Shengping Road, Taoliyuan and Yanzitan Embankment. Now, the municipal government departments have begun to realize the importance of Fenjiang River, and are trying to implement the renovation plan to restore its original beauty.