The descriptions of typhoons in China's ancient history books and local chronicles are also inseparable. "Lu Chunqiu? There is a record of "Eight Winds" in A Tour of Shi Lan, which proves that as early as more than 2,000 years ago, the ancient people in China observed and studied the wind in detail. The word hurricane appeared in China ancient literature very early. During the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, Shen Huaiyuan recorded in the Chronicle of South Vietnam: "Hurricane Xi Amdo, hurricane also, the wind in all directions; When you say that you are afraid of the wind, you often say that you are afraid of it. "In the ninth century," Lingnan Foreign Objects "mentioned that before the arrival of a hurricane or typhoon, there will be a special wind called" refining the wind ". It is recorded in the Record of Ridge Table that "there is a halo of rainbow between summer and autumn, which is called the mother hurricane, and there must be a hurricane", which is the earliest typhoon weather forecast record. The description of hurricanes and typhoons in Lingnan Miscellanies is more detailed: "Qi ... is like rainbows and fog, with wind and no rain, it is called mother hurricane. After the summer solstice, there will be a north wind, and there will be news from Taiwan Province. After three or four days, the station will suddenly come, from day to night, up to three days, or from south to south, and it will be sunny in summer. "The natives said that April was a hurricane, and May, June, July and August were typhoons. Taiwan Province is better than hurricanes, which yearn for Taiwan Province. Hurricane impermanence, backstage on the tenth day. From September to winter, there are many northerly winds and occasional stops, which are as sudden as a hurricane in spring. When the ship encounters a hurricane in the middle of the ocean, it is difficult to meet Taiwan Province. "
Typhoon, with English name Typhoon and Chinese etymology, is the name of the storm in ancient Taiwan Province province of China, and then spread to Europe through missionaries. In the 20th century, it was stipulated by the International Meteorological Organization that the heat and low pressure in the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea west of the international international date line (180 degrees) were paid by the center. Therefore, typhoon has become a proper term in modern meteorology, and only tropical storms that meet the above criteria can be called typhoons.
Shanghai ancient typhoon
Five years of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (130 1 year)
On the first day of July, the wind blew hard, the roofs flew and the sea flooded. The tide is 45 feet high, killing people and animals, damaging houses and drifting away17,000 people.
Five years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1372)
In July, there was a big storm, the sea flooded and more than 10 thousand people died.
Twenty-three years of Ming Hongwu (1390)
On the first day of July, a hurricane blew up sand, uprooted trees and drifted in three States. 1700 families buried fish bellies. Chongming lost all its houses along the sand, and nine times out of ten the people drowned. Songjiang Prefecture drowned more than 20,000 people.
Nine years of Ming dynasty (1444)
On July 17 and 18, the storm kept on day and night, the sea was flooded, the flat land was more than ten feet, and people gradually drifted away.
Tomorrow will be five years (146 1 year).
On the night of July 15, it was stormy, the tide was surging, and there was no house. Chongming, Jiading, Shanghai and other counties drowned 12500 people.
Eight years of Ming Chenghua (1472)
Two days have passed since July 17. At that time, the tide was rising at night, and the wind in the northeast was getting crazier and crazier. Suddenly turned southwest, the sea flooded, and more than 10 thousand people floated on the ground.
Four years of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (1509)
From July 6th to 1 1 day, it rained all day and all night, and the ground was covered with water. Naturally, within three years, floods caused disasters, people were hungry and cold, and tens of thousands of people died. It is extremely cold in winter, and the ice layer of Huangpu River is two or three feet thick, which has been puzzling for several months.
Ming Jiajing 18th year (1539)
On the third day of leap July, the hurricane overflowed the sea, the water soared two or three feet, and tens of thousands of people were floating. Great hunger and epidemics.
Ten Years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1582)
On July 13, there was a storm and seawater flooding. Tian He100000 hectares were damaged in six counties of Susong, and 20000 people were drowned.
Nineteen years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (159 1 year)
The flood in June drowned tens of thousands of people.
On July 18, a hurricane struck, and the sea water flooded, with the water level 10 foot, thousands of houses were destroyed, more than 20,000 people died, not counting six livestock.
Nineteenth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1680)
On August 3, hurricanes and tidal floods caused residents to drown. The shower lasted night after night, and the flood and tide met. The water in Shanghai is more than five feet high, and the villagers are sailing in the fields, and the flowers and beans are rotten, causing a great epidemic.
Thirty-five years of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1696)
At the beginning of June, a big wave, heavy rain, followed by the second watch tsunami, swept the tide into the coast for hundreds of miles. The water level in Baoshan is higher than that in the city; Jiading, Chongming, Wusong, Chuansha and Zhelin Eight Regiments lost thousands of seawalls and drowned more than 100,000 people.
The first year of Yongzheng in Qing dynasty (1723)
On July 18 and 19, the trees were uprooted by strong winds, and the grain and cotton were damaged. The sea overflowed and thousands of people drowned.
Ten Years of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1732)
On July 16 and 16, hurricanes raged, tides surged, rainstorms poured down, and seawater flooded. All the government offices and houses in Baoshan City collapsed, and the water in Shanghai flooded all the way, and the water along the coast of Pudong reached the treetops, not counting the drowning people and animals.
Twelve years of Qing Qianlong (1747)
On the night of July 14th, there was a strong wind and heavy rain, and the tide overflowed. Tian He was flooded and no one was there. Shanghai and Nanhui counties alone drowned more than 20,000 people.
Eleven years of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (186 1 year)
On the third day of August (September 7), the hurricane, the night tide suddenly overflowed and flooded, and the streets and lanes in the city disappeared, killing 10 thousand coastal residents in Chongming. On December 27th (1862 65438+ October 26th), there was heavy snow for three days and nights, and the snow was three to six feet deep. The entrance was blocked and the snow was shoulder-deep. Huangpu, Hu Mao and other places were frozen for half a month without rhyme or reason. Many people stop cooking, even those who starve to death.
On June 13 (July 3 1), Shanghai was hit by a typhoon. According to the change of meteorological elements at a single station, Xujiahui Meteorological Observatory issued a forecast of typhoon hitting Shanghai, and published the article "Typhoon No.31879+0 on July".
Seven years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (188 1 year)
On June 20-2/KOOC-0/day (July/KOOC-0/5 ~/KOOC-0/6), Shanghai was hit by a strong typhoon, and ships in Huangpu River broke down, flooded, drowned and drifted.
From the third day of leap July to the fifth day of leap July (August 27-29), a typhoon hit Shanghai, and the sea was flooded with storms and roads were navigable. Ships in Huangpu River and Wusongkou were seriously injured, many bodies were salvaged and coffins were sold out.
Thirty-one years of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty (1905)
On the third day of August (September 1), typhoon and rainstorm flooded the city streets and lanes, the Bund was knee-deep, sandbars and ponds along the coast and the Yangtze River estuary were washed away, and coastal houses were destroyed, killing more than 10,000 people.
Respondent: xztlsy- Huatandi 10 off 5-25 19:29.