The Qing Dynasty (1636- 19 12) was the last unified feudal dynasty in the history of China, which enjoyed the country for 276 years after eleven emperors. ?

16 16 years, Nuerhachi, the leader of the Jurchen Department of Jianzhou, established the late Jin Dynasty. 1636, Huang taiji changed his country name to Daqing. 1644, when the Ming Dynasty perished, Wu Sangui, the commander-in-chief of the Ming Dynasty stationed in Shanhaiguan, was demoted, and Regent Dourgen led the Qing army into the customs. In the same year, the emperor shunzhi moved to Beijing, and the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty as the national ruler.

In the following twenty years, the governments of Dashun, Daxi and Nanming were pacified. Later, the rebellion in San Francisco was pacified, Zheng Taiwan Province Province was unified, and the whole country was gradually controlled.

Kang Yong's three dynasties reached their peak. During this period, all aspects of China society reached the acme under the original institutional framework, with the greatest reform, the strongest national strength, social stability, rapid economic development, rapid population growth and vast territory.

The unified multi-ethnic country was consolidated, and the rulers of the Qing Dynasty incorporated Xinjiang and Tibet into the territory and implemented the policy of changing soil into water in the southwest. Finally, the territory of modern China was determined, and the integrity of the country's territorial sovereignty was actively safeguarded.

But feudal autocracy also reached its peak. In the middle and late period, due to political rigidity, cultural autocracy, closed door, ideological imprisonment, scientific and technological stagnation and other factors, it gradually fell behind the West.

After the Opium War, it was invaded by foreign powers and its sovereignty and territory were seriously lost. It also began the exploration of modernization and carried out modernization reforms such as the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898.

The Sino-Japanese War and Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China further deepened the national crisis. In the late Qing Dynasty, China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

19 1 1 year, the revolution of 1911 broke out and the Qing dynasty collapsed. 19 12 February 12, Beiyang warlord Yuan Shikai forced the last emperor Puyi to abdicate and issued an abdication edict, ending the Qing Dynasty.

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Historical achievements of Qing dynasty:

1. During the 268 years of the Qing Dynasty, China maintained long-term unity and stability.

2. During the 268 years of Qing Dynasty, China maintained its long-term strength and prosperity.

Third, it greatly expanded the territory of China and laid the foundation for the territory of China today. Needless to say, I just want to remind you that the division of outer Mongolia is the result of external influence, and outer Mongolia itself is powerless and unwilling to split.

Fourth, it has promoted the cultural integration of all ethnic groups. The integration here is not a comprehensive integration of all corners of the country into the Han nationality, but a cultural integration.

For example, Manchu is no different from Han nationality in language, customs, lifestyle and national thinking, but it is still an independent nation. From a modern point of view, pluralism is better than singleness, so this kind of cultural integration is better than all-round ethnic integration.

The historical fault of Qing dynasty;

1. In the process of the Qing Dynasty's entry into the customs to rule China, an extinct massacre was carried out.

Second, shaving and changing clothes have greatly hurt the feelings of the Han people.

Three, enclosure, fees, escape and other evil laws hindered the economic and social development of China.

Fourth, the sea ban measures closed the exchanges between China and foreign countries.

Fifth, the literary inquisition stifled China's thoughts.

Sixth, in the name of editing Sikuquanshu, destroy books and change them.

Seven, every battle in the late Qing Dynasty will be defeated, and the land will be ceded for compensation.

Eight, there are few scientific and technological inventions.

Nine, serious corruption.

Ten, based on class oppression, serious national oppression.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty