Before the Spring and Autumn Period, silver was not built. After Qin Shihuang unified China, the world was divided into 36 counties, with Jingxi County in Jinghui area and Yue people in Bai Jing area.
In the second year of Emperor founding ceremony of the Han Dynasty (BC 12 1), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing to attack the Huns, capture Qilian Mountain and Hexi Corridor, and set up four counties in Hexi, with Bai Jing as the surrounding county of Wuwei County, Queer Yinxian County in the southeast of Jingtai and northwest of Jingyuan, and Zuli County in Jing Hui County. Since then, all silver areas have been incorporated into Chinese territory.
From 22 1 year BC to 2200 in 1980s, the administrative system in Baiyin area changed frequently and its ownership was uncertain.
In the thousands of years before liberation, natural disasters continued and wars were frequent, and the people were always in dire straits.
After liberation, the face of Baiyin area has undergone earth-shaking changes, and its economy and culture have advanced by leaps and bounds. The people have finally lived a stable life, and are famous for their nonferrous metal smelting and coal production throughout the country.
Key words: Baiyin, Jingtai, Jingyuan, Pingchuan, Huining, history.
On the map of the motherland, Baiyin City is located in the area of north latitude103 33 ′-105 31′ and 35 25 ′-37 39 ′, bordering Ningxia in the east, Wuwei in the west, Longzhong in the south and Inner Mongolia in the north, which governs three counties and two districts.
Baiyin City is located in the arid area of central Gansu, with a relatively dry climate. The average annual rainfall in each county is about 200 mm, but the Chuanshui area is fertile because of abundant sunshine.
The Yellow River flows through Baiyin for 2 14 kilometers, and the total length of Zuli River and Guanchuan River is also about 200 kilometers.
Most of the territory is mountainous, including Eryin mountainous area and arid mountainous area.
There are dozens of peaks above 2000 meters above sea level, and two above 3000 meters.
There are Jingtai Avenue, Santai Well, Jingtaichuan and Baiyin City in the intermountain basin. Jingyuan has Liu Chuan, Pingchuan has springs, * * and other places.
There are five Buddhas in the valley basin: Baiyinshuichuan, Si Long, Jingyuan Pingbao, Beiwan, Bao Zhong, Chengguan, Mitan, Dongwan and Jingtai, as well as some places on both sides of Zuli River.
Although these valley basins are small in area, they are densely populated.
Baiyin region has a long history. Jingyuan discovered Majiayao culture in the late primitive society. There are many ancient cultures in Huining, such as Niumendong ancient tomb site. Nearby Wangjiaquan and Yangshan also found the remains of primitive society, such as pottery pots, stone axes and human bones.
Pottery, pottery pieces, stone tools, bone beads and microliths have been unearthed in Zhangjiatai, Yingpantai, Stan and Xijishui in Jingtai County, which have been confirmed as Neolithic cultural remains in the Mid-Levels.
The discovery of these cultural relics shows that at the latest in the Neolithic Age four or five thousand years ago, our ancestors had already thrived in this silver-clad land.
The Baiyin section of the Yellow River is S-shaped and basically flows from north to south. When arriving at Jingtai Five Buddhas, it flows from west to east and enters Ningxia via Heishan Gorge.
As a whole, Jingtai County and Baiyin District live in the northwest, while Jingyuan and Huining live in the southeast (Pingchuan District is not considered for the time being, including Jingyuan).
The two areas are basically bounded by rivers, one in Hexi and the other in Hedong (Jingyuan, Liu Chuan and other places are also in Hexi).
Before the Spring and Autumn Period, silver was not organized. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Jingtai and Baiyin were still the pastoral areas of the ancient Qiang people in China, while Jingyuan and Huining were the active places of Yi Qurong.
After Qin Shihuang unified China, the world was divided into 36 counties, with Jingxi County in Jinghui area and Yue people in Bai Jing area.
In the second year of founding ceremony (BC 12 1), Emperor Wu sent Huo Qubing to attack Xiongnu, captured Qilian Mountain and Hexi Corridor, and set up four counties in Hexi, thus cutting off the connection between the northern Xiongnu and the western Qiang people and providing an important channel for the communication between Han and the western regions.
At that time, Bai Jing was the county around Wuwei County, the quail (pure tone) Yin County in Anding County was in the southeast of Jingtai and northwest of Jingyuan, the Zuli County in Anding County was in Jing Hui, and the county government was near Guo Chengyi in Huining today.
Wuwei County and Anding County belong to Liangzhou Secretariat Department.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zuli County and Yin Ji County were changed from Anding County to Wuwei County, and the surrounding counties remained unchanged. In this way, today's Baiyin City belongs to Wuwei County of Liangzhou.
"History of Counties and Counties in the Later Han Dynasty" contains: "Wuwei County, fourteen cities, 443 households, 34,226 people ... It is secluded and stable (so stable) and rents (so stable)." Yinzhan Yinxian County and Zuli County are Guoyin County and Zuli County in the geography of Hanshu, respectively. I don't know why there is a word difference.
After the name "Yinyin River" appeared in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, there was a note written by Huaiwang in the Tang Dynasty: "There is an old city of Yinyin County in the southeast of Liangzhou ancient Tibetan County (now Wuwei-author's note), which is named after water." In the second volume of Atlas of Chinese History edited by Tan Qixiang, a famous historian, Yin Yin is located at the junction of Quan Wei in the southeast of Jingtai, Gaojiaba in the northwest of Pingchuan and Huangcaoliang in Liu Chuan, Jingyuan, and the Yellow River near here is marked as Yinyin River.
In fact, Yinyincheng in Han Dynasty is located in the steep urban-rural junction of Pingchuan District, and there are still relics. At 1990, I also found clay pipes and water diversion walls.
Since Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty opened the Hexi Corridor and the Silk Road, both Han Dynasties attached great importance to the ties with the Western Regions and sent envoys to various countries in the Western Regions many times.
The Silk Road has three routes from Chang 'an to Zhangye, of which the North Road passes through Jingyuan and Jingtai, and the ferry is a cable bridge between Jingtai and Pingchuan. Its adoption has promoted the economic and cultural development here.
Emperor Wu inherited the "rule of Wenjing" and made great efforts to make the country still strong.
He was also one of the wiser monarchs in ancient China. He has visited Beijing many times in his life, and his footprints are everywhere in Huining. For example, "Ding Yuan five years (1 12), winter and October ... he passed through Gansu and went to the same place (that is, Pingliang Kongtong Mountain-author's note), still west of Zuli River.
Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the national situation has been declining.
During Andi's reign, natural and man-made disasters continued. In the third year of Yong (A.D. 109), Liangzhou "Hungry people eat each other" (The History of An Di in the Later Han Dynasty), and "If An Di believes it, the innocent will die more" (The History of Five Elements in the Later Han Dynasty).
In the second year of Shundi Han 'an (143), a major earthquake occurred in Wuwei County and other places, which lasted for half a year from September to April of the following year. "Every 180 days of earthquake, valleys are cracked, temples are destroyed and people are injured" (ibid.).
Before the earthquake ended, the vicinity of Yin Yin became a battlefield again. In March, "Zhao Chong, a captain protecting Qiang, chased the rebellious Qiang and died in Yinyin River" (Later Han Dynasty).
This series of natural disasters and military disasters have caused great losses to the people of Baiyin.
During the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty, Cao Cao unified the north, and civil strife occurred from time to time in Hexi area.
Yin Yin is one of the strategic locations, with coastal sources in the east, Wuwei in the west, Jincheng in the south and Xiongnu in the north. The terrain is dangerous, easy to defend but difficult to attack, and Hexi rebels often station troops here.
Here, it is also the only place where the North Silk Road passes. If occupied, you can attack the river to the west and attack Jincheng to the south. When they are separated, they have the advantage and initiative; When it is unfavorable, retreat to Wuwei in the west and go to the desert in the north.
So it became one of the famous ancient battlefields.
Once, there was a riot in Liangzhou and Wuwei was in a hurry. When Zhang led the army to attack, he refused to go because the rebels "rode more than 7 thousand." Because it was not easy to attack, it was quickly diverted to Wuwei (see Biography of the Three Kingdoms).
In the Western Jin Dynasty, there was no cure in Baiyin City today, belonging to Wuwei County, Liangzhou.
At that time, Wuwei county governed seven counties, with only 5,900 households, less than 60% of the households in the Western Han Dynasty. It can be seen from the second time that the land without governance is sparsely populated, mainly because of the war.
Not long after the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty, it was ended by the "Eight Kings Rebellion".
After the "Yongjia South Crossing", the north was in a long-term war of five lakes and sixteen countries, and the local government's separatist regime changed frequently, and the ownership of Baiyin area was uncertain.
Around 327 AD, Baiyin area was basically bounded by rivers, with Liang Qian in the northwest and Zhao Qian in the southeast.
Around 366, the former Qin occupied the southeast, and around 382, it replaced the former cool.
At this point, the silver situation belongs to the former Qin Dynasty.
It was occupied by Western Qin around 395, and all changed hands after Qin around 409.
The Summary of Reading Historical Records contains: "In the fifth year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (409), begging for help in the Western Jin Dynasty returned from Yuanchuan (now Yuzhong County) and moved to Dujian Mountain. Seven years (465,438+065,438+0 years) set Qinxing County. "
This shows that during the reign of the Western Qin Dynasty, all cities were built in Dujian Mountain.
The site of Dujiancheng is located in Zuojiagou, Song Liang Village, Wuchuan Township. 1950 or so still has some city walls, and 1956 the site of Baiyin company's open-pit mine was completely destroyed after the big blasting.