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Korean nationality

The Yuan Dynasty has always maintained a special relationship with North Korea. From Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu, almost all the kings of North Korea were sons-in-law of Yuan Di (although their queens were not necessarily his own daughters), and the beauty of North Korea also became a special tribute. After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty continued to receive this kind of tribute, and the later Qing Dynasty was no exception. It also became a gift given by the emperor to Korean women as ministers' concubines. However, this relationship was not formed overnight, but gradually formed after a protracted war.

At that time, Korea was located on the Korean peninsula, not far from Mobei, where the Mongols rose. Therefore, the Mongols soon became attached to North Korea. 12 16. After the rebellion failed, a Khitan army originally belonging to Mongolia fled into North Korea, occupied the east side of Gaoliang, and used it as a stronghold to burn, kill and plunder everywhere. 12 18, Mongolian general hazhen led an army to pursue the Khitan rebels into Korea, and the king of Korea sent general Zhao Chong to lead an army to provide food and grass for the Mongolian army. In the second year, Jiangdong City surrendered in defense, and Hazhen and Zhao Chong took an oath. Mongolia and North Korea are brother countries. However, the Mongols are obviously not at all polite to this brotherly country. Since then, they have sent envoys to North Korea every year to ask for various items (from fur, silks and satins to ink paper), making North Koreans feel that "Mongolia is the fiercest among righteous emperors". Mongolia's huge extortion year after year has left South Korea breathless, and its hostility towards Mongolia has gradually warmed up. 1225, a Mongolian emissary was killed on his way home from a mission to North Korea. Although the murderer has never been found out, the Mongols still put the bill on North Korea. Killing messengers is a heinous crime in the eyes of Mongols, and they have fought against other countries for it many times. However, due to the expedition of Mongolian troops to the west and the death of Genghis Khan on the way to conquer Xixia, Mongolia did not immediately retaliate against North Korea. Until 123 1 the Mongolian army attacked Korea for the first time, and the Mongolian army, which won all the victories in Lien Chan, approached the Korean city. Emperor Gaozong of North Korea had no choice but to send envoys to negotiate peace, and the Mongolian army blackmailed huge amounts of property to retreat. However, 72 Confucian Huachi (guards) were still left in the capitals and prefectures of North Korea, indirectly controlling North Korea.

However, the Koreans did not surrender because of this. The anti-Mongolian wave of the Korean people never stopped, and Mongolian Daluhuachi in many places was killed one after another. In order to avoid Mongolian retaliation, Cui Yi, the minister of North Korean regime, decided to move the capital to Jianghua Island. The angered Mongolian army invaded Korea again. Although the Mongolian army is invincible on land, it has no choice in the water, while the Korean court is firm and will never leave the island. By the end of 1257, Mongolia had sent troops to conquer North Korea seven times, but all ended in failure. Of course, gold and silver treasures and beautiful craftsmen also robbed a lot. Although North Korea refused to surrender, the Mongolian army's repeated eastward expeditions caused great disasters to the Korean people. Many places, afraid of the Mongolian army killing the city, took the city to join Mongolia. Many South Korean ministers also questioned the policy of confronting Mongolia to the end. At the same time, Mongolia is also planning to establish another proton from North Korea as the new monarch, and once this becomes a fait accompli, the North Korean court will be in danger of being marginalized. 1258, South Korean ministers staged a coup, killed Cui Shi, a powerful minister who advocated giving up Lubao Island, and started his career in Mongolia. 1259, Mongolia and North Korea reached a reconciliation agreement, Mongolian troops withdrew from North Korea, and the North Korean royal family also promised to move, and the state of war between the two countries finally ended.

During the period of 1259, Prince Koryo entered the DPRK at the request of Mongolia, and went to the Mongolian Khan Mungo military camp, which was supervising the front line in Sichuan. When he arrived in Liupanshan, he got the news that Mongo died in the fishing city in July (officially, he was infected, and some people said that he was injured and died when he was besieged by Song Jun), so he diverted to the south and happened to meet Kublai Khan returning from the front. At this time, Kublai Khan was planning to go back and compete with Alibaba for Khan's position. It is undoubtedly a good sign that Prince Koryo came to see him at this time. He was very happy and said to his subordinates, "Korea is thousands of miles away. Even if he is as wise as Emperor Taizong, personal expedition can't make him submit. Now that Prince Koryo volunteered to join me, didn't God make me sweat? " "So, Kublai Khan let the king take himself north and arrive in Kaiping with * * *. Soon, the Korean emperor Gaozong died, and Prince Koryo returned to China and acceded to the throne. This is Koryo Yuan Zong. However, after Yuan Zong succeeded to the throne in 1260, the domestic situation was not stable, and the powerful ministers Lin Yan and Jin Jun kept in control of the state affairs. Because Mongolia invaded Korea many times, the anti-yuan sentiment in North Korea is constantly rising, and people are very dissatisfied with the king established by the Mongols. In addition, when Kublai Khan conquered the Southern Song Dynasty, North China was forced to build warships and provide food and grass for the Mongolian army, and people's dissatisfaction with the pro-Yuan Yuan Sect reached its peak. In this case, in 1269, Lin Yan, a powerful minister of North Korea, took the opportunity to abolish Yuan Zong and made Gong Anqing king. Kublai Khan immediately sent an envoy to ask. Under the strong military pressure of Mongolia, Lin Yan was forced to stall Yuan Zong. In order to consolidate the status of the Korean royal family, Korea decided to marry the Yuan royal family, save the royal family with the help of Mongolia, and at the same time prevent Mongolia from annexing Korea and maintain its semi-independent status. 127 1 year, North Korea sent envoys to Yuan again to propose marriage to North Korean prince Chen Wang, and at the same time sent Chen Wang to Yuan as a hostage. Kublai Khan agreed to the proposal, and decided to take her 13-year-old daughter who suddenly lost in Lu (later named Princess Qi) to marry Chen Wang, who had entered Yuan Dynasty. The princess was young, and the wedding was not held until three years later. . One month after their marriage, Yuan Zong died, and Chen Wang returned to China to be a loyal korean king.

The marriage with the Yuan Dynasty gave the North Korean royal family an unexpected harvest. The envoys of the Yuan Dynasty and Dalu Huachi were rude and bossy to King Koryo, but now they have begun to speak etiquette and show special respect for this loyal king, which Yuan Zong never dreamed of when he was alive. Obviously, this has something to do with Zhongjun becoming the attached horse of the Great Yuan Emperor Kublai Khan. The Korean royal family, who has tasted the sweetness, regards marrying a princess of the Yuan Dynasty as the primary task to keep the throne and life. After Korea loyal to Jun, other kings married princesses of Yuan Dynasty, except Zhong Mu and Zhong Ding, who were too young to get married when they were in office. Among them, Su Zhong married three princesses of Yuan Dynasty before and after her death. But obviously, the Yuan emperors after Kublai Khan paid little attention to North Korea, and these "princesses" were not the emperor's own daughters. However, these princesses of the Yuan Dynasty enjoyed great privileges in North Korea. Once they married King Koryo, regardless of whether King Koryo had a concubine or not, the princess of the Yuan Dynasty was immediately canonized as the queen of the palace, and her son automatically obtained the status of eldest son, giving priority to becoming a prince. At the same time, the princesses of the Yuan Dynasty relied on the support of the Yuan court, held the authority of the imperial palace, and even intervened in state affairs many times to decide the appointment and dismissal of personnel. Since loyal to the monarch, Korean kings have generally suffered from henpecked behavior (in sharp contrast to Korean men now). According to historical records, although Princess Qi was only 16 years old when she got married and Wang Zhonglie was 39 years old, Princess Qi did not change the hot temper of Mongolian women. She often stretched out her hand to hit Wang Zhonglie, scolded her when she opened her mouth, and even added a stick, but Wang Zhonglie didn't dare to offend the princess's wife at all, just hid her face and wept. Of course, this forbearance has also brought many benefits. When the brave king and princess of Qi first appeared in front of him, he proposed to abolish the post of Huachi, a Korean scholar specially established in the Yuan Dynasty, and Kublai Khan readily agreed. Later, North Korea also recovered two territories occupied by the Yuan Dynasty. In order to show respect for the Yuan Dynasty, the Korean royal family, which was originally consistent with the Han nationality in the Central Plains, began to imitate Mongolia in dress and hairstyle. Loyal Wang usually not only wears Mongolian clothes, but also wears his hair in braids. Koreans will shake their heads and sigh and even cry when they see it. 1278, King Zhong Lie even stipulated that North Korean clothes should be made according to Mongolian styles, so that Kublai Khan was very surprised after hearing the news, as if he had never seen such a thing.

Of course, the Yuan Dynasty would not indulge North Korea blindly, and being a slave always paid a price. In addition to providing some food, cattle, horses and ginseng, the only specialty that Mongolians value is women. At that time, dignitaries compared the number and quantity of Korean female slaves. Those female slaves who are few and of poor quality are often teased. That's why the Yuan Dynasty always asked South Korea for women. 1287, Yuan Shizu issued a decree that Korean virgins must first report to the official for registration, otherwise they may not get married. 1307, the Korean court ordered that women over 13 and under 16 should not get married without authorization, thus giving priority to the Yuan Dynasty. From 1275 to 1347, South Korea sent envoys to the Yuan Dynasty to worship virgins 16 times. Therefore, daughters born in Korea are often kept secret, even the neighbors don't know, in case they are sent to the Yuan Dynasty by the government. (Of course, the result of having a son is not necessarily good, or even worse, because the Yuan Dynasty also needed a large number of eunuchs, and eunuchs in South Korea were particularly popular. Why? I don't know. However, even if North Korea cooperated extremely, it could not meet the demand for women in the Yuan Dynasty, because besides the emperors and princes in the Yuan Dynasty who needed Korean women as concubines or maids, the Yuan Dynasty also needed a large number of women to ration soldiers as spouses. Therefore, South Korea has set up marriage prisons and widows' virgin prisons, searching for married women and orphans, thieves' wives, monks' daughters, criminals' wives and daughters everywhere. To meet the needs of the yuan dynasty (it is estimated that Koreans are also very fertile. )。 The daughter of a high-ranking official of a Korean royal woman is even more proud of being dedicated to the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty or the princes and ministers. In this way, the in-laws of the two families became closer, so that although the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty changed a lot, the families of several emperors were hostile to each other, but the relationship with North Korea was still very close. The status of Korean tribute women reached its peak in Yuan Shundi. Through one marriage and one exemption, South Korea survived by women and was not wiped out by the Mongolian army in the end. For the Korean royal family, it should still be a good deal.

When he ascended the throne for the first time, the North Korean eunuch and Yuan's ambassador Dumandir presented many gifts to the emperor, including the North Korean tribute "Qi Shi". Qi's clever nature soon won the favor of the emperor. After the queen of Qin Gui tannery was deposed because of her brother's rebellion, she proposed that Li Qi be the queen. However, Bo Yan, a powerful minister, believed that the emperor must make the woman of Hongjila family famous as a queen according to Genghis Khan's stipulation that "the woman of Hongjila family should be the daughter before the princess".

In March of the third year of Zhiyuan (AD 1337), Yuan Shundi established his second queen according to Bo Yan's will. Her name is Bo Yan Hudu. The queen once gave birth to a son, but unfortunately he died at the age of two. However, Qi gave birth to a son named Zhi Li Dara. As a result, Qi was named the second queen, which laid a good foundation for her to take over as queen in the future. Because the queen doesn't like to be in charge, all the power in the palace falls into Qi's hands. Because of his pet, Kishi Nobusuke was arrogant and colluded with a Korean eunuch named Park Buhua, a childhood neighbor, and did many bad things. In order to control other ministers, the Qi family got many beautiful Korean women from their hometown and distributed them to princes and ministers. Relying on the influence of the queen, these women did whatever they wanted in their husbands' homes and soon replaced their original wives. Seeing that Yidala has become a prince, she is likely to ascend to the throne in the future, and the Qi family in South Korea has gradually changed from a poor family to a bully, which seriously threatens the rule of the Korean royal family. At this time, it was the last year of the Yuan Dynasty, and the Central Plains was filled with smoke, and anti-Yuan rebels broke out one after another. 1356, King Gongcheng of Korea took the opportunity to kill Qijia in the name of rebellion. Kishimoto is determined to take revenge. She persuaded Yuan Shundi to send 10000 troops to abolish the king of Korea, but she was defeated. 1365, 42-year-old Bo Yan died suddenly. Make Qi the queen. 1369, Ming Taizu attacked Kaiping, Shun Di fled to Helin, and then drifted to Yingchang. Soon, Shun Di, 5 1 year-old, died of dysentery. The Crown Prince likes Li Dala's succession. This is Zhao Zong in Beiyuan. His queen is also a Korean human rights family. At this time, the Yuan Dynasty, which fled to Mobei, had no influence on South Korea, and South Korea turned to the Ming Dynasty.

However, the demise of the Yuan Dynasty eventually brought disaster to the Korean royal family. It's just that this root has long been buried. 135 1 (Zheng Zhi, Yuan Shundi 1 1) In May, Liu Futong raised the banner of righteousness in Yingzhou for the first time, and the Jianghuai area responded in succession. The insurgents were wrapped in red scarves, so they were called "Red Scarf Army". In order to destroy the Red Scarf Army, South Korea sent troops to help suppress it, but it got off to a bad start. Several generals were killed one after another, but the Korean army did not leave, but burned and looted in Jianghuai and other places, which also aroused the anger of the Red Scarf Army soldiers against the Koreans. 1June, 357, Liu Futong directed three armies to the Northern Expedition, with soldiers pointing at Dadu. The three-way Red Scarf Army fought thousands of miles, with great momentum. Guan Yu and Pan Tou led the Middle Route Army to set out and surround Dadu in a roundabout way. 1359 1 month (Yuan Shundi Zheng Zhi 19), xiliang army conquered Liaoyang. In order to avoid the edge of the Red Scarf Army, Yuan Shundi decided to build a palace in Rhoda (Jeju Island) in North Korea, hoping to take refuge in North Korea. In order to cut off North Korea's military aid to Yuan, consolidate Liaoyang Province and besiege Dadu, the Red Scarf Army decided to move eastward into North Korea. 1359, Mao Shuai, commander-in-chief of the Red Scarf Army, crossed the Yalu River and began his first crusade. Although the Red Scarf Army successively conquered Yizhou and Linzhou, and defeated the Korean army in Xuanzhou, and conquered Dingzhou and Xijing (Pyongyang), due to the freezing weather, the Red Scarf Army had to evacuate Xijing and retreat to Longgang and Xiancong. The salty taste left by the First World War. The Red Scarf Army was defeated, and less than 1000 people crossed the Yalu River and returned to the west. 136 1 year1October, Mr. Guan Jun, Pan Tou and Liu Sha led 200,000 troops to attack North Korea for the second time. 165438+ In October, the two armies fought in Anzhou, and the Korean army was defeated. A few days later, the Red Scarf Army captured and opened Beijing. But at this time, the generals of the Red Scarf Army only cared about looting everywhere and forgot to hunt down the remnants of the enemy. North Koreans bribed the generals and soldiers of the Red Scarf Army with a large number of women, making them addicted to the gentle countryside. Just as the Red Scarf Army soldiers were having fun in Korea, the company commander Zheng of Korea led 200,000 troops and had already set up Tianshou Temple in the suburbs. In a heavy snow, when the Red Scarf Army was warming up above the camp, Han Li Chenggui (later North Korean Mao) led two thousand soldiers to attack Beijing unexpectedly, and the Korean people in the city greeted him. Then the Korean army quickly attacked and the Red Scarf Army was defeated. Mr. Guan, 100,000 people died in the second hand, and Pan Tou led the rest to escape from the Yalu River and return to Liaoyang, where they were captured by the Yuan Army. Although the Red Scarf Army was defeated, Li Chenggui, who had made great contributions, gradually mastered the military power, and finally abolished the king as king, and the Korean state perished. After becoming king, Li Chenggui drew up two country names of "Korea" and "Harmony", and asked Zhu Yuanzhang to decide. Zhu Yuanzhang chose the word North Korea, which is the origin of North Korea's name.