At the end of primitive society, Yao called Peng Zu a big country, and Xuzhou was called Pengcheng. Yu Xia divided the whole country into Kyushu, and Xuzhou was one of them. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Pengcheng belonged to Song, and then to Chu. After the reunification of Qin Dynasty, Pengcheng County was established. During the Chu-Han period, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty built Pengcheng as its capital. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao moved the secretariat of Xuzhou to Pengcheng, which was called Xuzhou from the beginning. In the early Tang Dynasty, the names of Xuzhou and Pengcheng County were exchanged many times, and Xuzhou was the resident of our province in the middle and late period. Xuzhou was established in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and its subordination and jurisdiction changed frequently. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Xuzhou was once the capital of Zhili, and later it belonged to Nanjing. In the early Qing Dynasty, Xuzhou was successively jiangnan province and Zhili Prefecture of Jiangsu Province, and was promoted to Xuzhou Prefecture in the last year of Yongzheng.

In the early Republic of China, the government was abolished, and Xuzhou was subordinate to Guo Tongshan County. Later, Xu Haidao was established to govern Tongshan (Xuzhou). After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the national still lives in Xuzhou, which belongs to Jiangsu Province. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC), Xuzhou was retained, initially as a municipality of Shandong Province, and then transferred back to Jiangsu Province, and Xuzhou Special Zone was established in Xuzhou City. 1983, Jiangsu province implemented the system of city governing counties, withdrew from Xuzhou area, and placed six counties under its jurisdiction under Xuzhou city. Xuzhou now governs 5 districts and 6 counties (cities).

The so-called Gu Peng, the ancient here does not mean "ancient", but has a long history.