First, Liang Zhu's tombstone-convincing proof of cultural relics
As early as the early 1950s, in order to publicize the new marriage law, Liang Zhu's story was widely circulated in various artistic forms, and the excavation and textual research of Liang Zhu culture also attracted the attention of relevant experts and scholars. Guo Moruo, according to the record in Jiao Xun's drama that "the epitaph of Zhu Yingtai in Jiaxiang County was carved by the Ming Dynasty", sent people to Jiaxiang, Jining to learn about the situation, but because the Zhu Yingtai cemetery recorded in the drama was inaccurate, it was not found. It is worth mentioning that Weishan County was not established at that time, and this tombstone belongs to the junction of Jining County and Zou County. 1952, in the restoration project of Baima River, Liang Zhu's tombstone surfaced and was preserved in situ by Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Management Office. 1976, during the capital construction of farmland, Liang Zhu's tombstone was buried deep underground again. It was not until the 1990s that he came back again.
Liang Zhu tombstone was built in the 11th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 15 16). Excerpts from the inscription are as follows:
Liang Shanbo's Tomb in Zhu Yingtai
The origin of Waiji II is ChristianRandPhillips. It is said that in Jiuqu Village, Jining, a rich man wishes you well, and the villagers call you a member. People who have children in the world are often the most expensive, and each shows his talents. Being alone without children is not expensive, but how rich is it? I have a daughter under my knee. She is very clever. Hearing his father's sigh, he suddenly changed his clothes and became a child. His family didn't know him. I don't know my neighbor. Go to school if you don't finish reading, but reading is a way to thank your parents for worrying. It's late spring and the scenery is beautiful. The follower has been temporarily stationed in Liu Yin and crossed Wuqiao for dozens of miles. He happened to meet Zou Yi, the son of Liang Gong, in the famous mountain of Xishan, and was a disciple of Mr. Yi Yishan. Students are classmates during the day and sleep together at night. Clothing for three years can be said to be a person who believes in learning. One day, Yingtai thought about the outside of the province and said that she would return to the province. After half a year, Shan Bo also visited Yingtai's house. There are also some generals like Mulan who came out of Yingtai to speed up the whole female document. After several years, Shanbo finally went home and was buried in Wuqiaodong. When Mr. Ma Lang, a rich family in Xizhuang, came to meet the deadline, Yingtai mused: Mr. Shan Bo, I have promised to marry without my parents' orders. As the matchmaker said, it is better to get married. It is more suitable for his surname, and it is a different heart. Instead of forgetting one's roots and loving life, who should sacrifice one's life for righteousness and die of worry? Shovel, sad smoke filled the room, birds whined and listeners were horrified. The horse returned empty-handed. Scholar-officials in industrious villages and towns called it Lingjie, and he buried the tomb of Shanbo in order to fulfill his previous wishes, which was also a human kindness. ...
The above words fairly recorded the occurrence, development and ending of Liang Zhu's story, without exaggeration or romantic fiction. It is particularly noteworthy that the story happened in Jining today. Jiuqu Village, Zou Yi, Yishan, Wuqiao and Xizhuang in Jining are still alive or well documented. "Jiuqu Village" existed as early as the Han Dynasty. Located in the south bank of Sihe River, Ma Po Township, Weishan County. Named after the nine bends of Sihe River from Yanzhou, it has now evolved into two villages: Dongjiu and Xijiu. "Zou Yi", that is, Zou County today; The "Yishan" in the southeast of Zou County for more than 20 miles has the reputation of "the first wonder in Dai Nan"; The location of "Wuqiao" has been clearly drawn in Dai Guangxiu's Geography and Map of Zouxian County during Jiajing period in Ming Dynasty, and it is also recorded in Zou County Records in Qing Dynasty (Lou Yijun): "Wuqiao-60 miles west of Zoucheng, across Baima River, Qin Long was drowned by water"; "Xizhuang" still uses its name, in this Mapo North.
The tombstone also clearly reveals two points: First, Liang Zhu's tomb was rebuilt. During Zheng De's reign in the Ming Dynasty, "the governor's grain depot Xintai Cui Gong was afraid of Wen Kui, and the Taoist scriptures were abandoned by his aunt, and his heart was beaten", so he sprouted the idea of rebuilding Liang Zhu's tomb. After nearly a year's planning and operation, it was finally "surrounded by stones, walls, tombs, temples and doors." Those who died in the past will be treated today; What was nothing in the past is there today "; Second, Liang Zhu's mausoleum was built for officials. Before and after the inscription, there are words such as "Ding You, Gong Shi and Zhao wrote articles, knowing Zou County, Yang Huanshu and Yasheng, the 57th generation hereditary academician, the right assistant minister of Nanjing Ministry of Industry, the deputy director doctor of the right supervision institute, and an imperial advisor", indicating that the matter was approved by the emperor and completed by well-known literati and authoritative officials at that time. Visible, nearly 500 years ago, Liangzhu tomb already existed here; Jining is the hometown, which is a fact recognized by the people from the imperial court down to the Li nationality.
Second, the old records-historical materials with great reference value
Historically, Zouxian and Qufu, also known as "Zou Lu", are famous hometown of Confucius and Mencius, with a long and strong reading atmosphere. Allusions about reading, such as "breaking the machine to teach children" and "stealing the light from the wall", are well known to women and children. According to experts' speculation, Liang Zhu's story should have happened in the Han Dynasty. Today's Ma Po, the Han Dynasty is a mountainous area with rich cultural accumulation, which has produced historical and cultural celebrities such as writer RoyceWong and thinker Zhong Changtong, and is also one of the areas where more Han steles have been unearthed in Shandong. Liang Zhu's story originated in this place in the Han Dynasty and has a solid cultural foundation. Liang Zhu's hometown is only five or six miles away from Yishan, and it is by no means nonsense for Liang Zhu to go to Yishan to study. According to the Records of Yishan compiled during Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, there are many private schools in Yishan since ancient times. As early as the Yuan Dynasty to the first year of Zhengzheng (A.D. 1264), Liangzhu Temple was established in Yishan, and there was a white marble statue of Liangzhu in the temple.
There are also many records about Liangzhu site in the existing old chronicles of Zou County and Yishan. In the twelfth year of Kangxi, Zhu Cheng ordered the revision of Zou County Records, which recorded: "The tomb of Zhu Yingtai-Wuqiao, 60 miles west of the city, has a monument." This is consistent with the location of the newly unearthed tombstone of Liang Zhu. In the late 1990s, according to historical records and interviews with local elderly people, relevant departments in Jining City discovered the specific location of Liang Zhu's tomb and excavated Liang Zhu's tombstone. There are many records about Liangzhu site in Yi Shan Zhi compiled during Tongzhi period in Qing Dynasty, such as "Liangzhu Reading Cave, on the right side of Zhisheng Temple, which is said to be the place where Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai studied"; "Longevity Palace, west of Immortal Palace 100 steps, there are three temples, south and old Immortal Palace as one, with Liang Zhu statue inside"; "Liang Zhuquan, on the right side of Liang Zhudu Cave, the word' Liang Zhuquan' is engraved on the stone beside the spring". Scholars often visit Yishan, leaving many stories about Liang Zhu. For example, the portrait of Liang Zhu in Wanshou Palace written by Chen Yun, a native of Zou in Qing Dynasty: "Letters are lingering, idle flowers and weeds are empty, and people are sad, just like a pair of Wanshou Palace." These poems are all included in Yi Shan Zhi.
Third, customs and legends-highly credible cultural inheritance
The author has worked and lived in Weishan Mapo, and is no stranger to Liang Zhu's story. However, due to some reasons such as ideas, local people are reluctant to publicize too much or even keep it secret. According to expert research, after Liang moved out of the village near Mapo, he settled in two cities and other places ten or twenty miles away. Zhu moved to Zhaihe Village, Rencheng, Jining after avoiding flood. Descendants of the "West Village with Rich Houses and Malang" mentioned in Liang Zhu's Tomb moved out of the West Village in the Ming Dynasty, which is today's Mashimapo. Up to now, intermarriage among the three surnames "Liang, Zhu and Ma" has been banned in the above places, and Liang Zhu's related dramas and films have also been banned in the three villages. Some people also avoid talking about Liang Zhu in front of the locals with the three surnames "Liang, Zhu and Ma". This peculiar cultural phenomenon just proves the local authenticity of Liang Zhu's story.
Liang Zhu's story has been circulated in various forms in southwestern Shandong and other places for a long time. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, it was adapted into traditional Chinese opera and Yuanqu. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many versions of legends, among which the most popular one was Liang Zhu Summer Mountain, the lyrics of which clearly pointed out the historical fact that Liang Zhu was studying in Yishan. The lyrics read: Duke Zhou's principle is rule, and Wen Dong and Wu Xi are on both sides. Long live the Lord, get out of the way. What do you mean by Wu Duo and Wen Shao? He founded a school in Hongluoshan, where Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai read articles. "Yang, a descendant of Jining South Road, sang the lyrics of" Butterfly Lovers Down the Mountain ",which also described the butterfly lovers' activities along the Sihe River: two brothers went down the mountain and sent them home ... The two brothers were just about to go forward, and soon they came to the Sihe River and looked at it carefully. When the water was white, Shanbo said, "How can I cross the river without a boat?" .
In a word, Liang Zhu's story happened in Jining, which is well documented. From the place where Liang Zhu studied to Liang Zhu's tomb, a relatively complete story link was formed. It can be said that today's Weishan Mapo-Zoucheng Yishan area is the stage where this world-famous love tragedy is staged. Because Liang Zhu's story and life are common people, this master can't be recorded in the official history, which determines its historical fate among the people. Therefore, its real birthplace has long been blurred.
Explore mapo
The deep affection of classmates for three years, the lingering of eighteen gifts, and finally the tragic beauty of become a butterfly ... Liang Zhu's story is a household name in China. People usually call Liang Zhu "Romeo and Juliet of the East".
As one of the four major folklore in China (butterfly lovers, Legend of the White Snake, Meng Jiangnv, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Liu Yi and Dragon Girl in Dongting), the legend of butterfly lovers has recently been jointly declared as a national intangible cultural heritage by Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong and Henan.
In Shandong Province, the specific legend of "Liang Zhu" is in Ma Po Township, Weishan County, Jining City. So far, Liang Zhu, Liang Zhu and Ma are not married, nor do they sing Liang Zhu's plays or show Liang Zhu's movies.
With the publication of The Legend of butterfly lovers as the first national intangible cultural heritage list, and the high-profile appearance of The Legend of butterfly lovers in Jining, a Shandong cultural heritage exhibition, the topic about butterfly lovers suddenly became hot. What is the relationship between Jining and the legend of Liang Zhu? How did the legend of Liang Zhu successfully declare the heritage list?
Where are the descendants of the third surname?
There is a "Liangjialin" in Ma Po Township, Weishan County, Jining City, where the tablet of "Liang Shanbo Zhu Yingtai's Tomb" in Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty was unearthed. Up to now, the three surnames of Liang, Zhu and Ma can be tested, and little-known stories are widely circulated in the local area.
There are more than 5,000 people in Ma Po Village, 98% of whom are surnamed Ma, and most of Ma Wencai's descendants are here.
Talking about the name of this village, Wu Qi, the propaganda officer and supervision director of Ma Po Township Party Committee, recalled that as early as the mid-1970s, when he was still in school, his classmates knew the story of Ma Po Village: in ancient times, there was a Xizhuang village in the north of Ma Po, where a "rich man" named Ma was his father. The "rich man" lives by raising horses and pulling wagons. There are many horses in his family. When there is grass, he goes to eat grass.
Ma Duo, the "rich horse", built a stable and carriage shop in the southwest of the village. Release the horse during the day and go to the stable at night; The carriage goes out during the day and stops at the carriage shop when it comes back at night. So the southwest of Xizhuang is called Madian. Later, the "horse rich man" car shop caught fire and the Ma family began to move.
Up to now, plant ash deposits and some charred animal bones with a thickness over 1 m can be dug up above the ground in Madian Village.
Chahe Village, Zhuang Jie Town, rencheng district 1500 people, more than 90% of the population is surnamed Zhu. They moved away from Jiuqu Village because of the flood. In the summer of 2003, Wu Qi and others found dozens of Han tomb stones, Han painting stones and broken monuments in Jiuqu village in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Interestingly, there are names of Zhu Laifeng and others in one corner of the monument. The "Tomb of Liang Shanbo Zhu Yingtai" on the monument says that Liang Zhu's birthplace is "Jiuqu Village in Gujining".
Mapo people say that Liang's descendants live in two cities. Liang Jia is an old family in these two cities. When asked if they were family members, they said, "You can't write two beams in one stroke".
Du Qingyou, an old man from Ma Po Village, said that the Du family could not afford land, and his grandfather was buried in "Liangjialin" a hundred years later. At that time, 18 mu of land was left unattended. His father, Du, opened an acre of Jiusan vegetable garden in the forest not far from Liangzhu grave, and he went to clean up the vegetable garden when he was free. Later, Liang's family came to visit the grave from two cities. When they saw the grave cleaner than before, they knew that it was cleaned by Du, so every year when they came to visit the grave during the Spring Festival, they kowtowed to Du. Later films were shown in Mapo Township, and Liang's family in the two cities never came to the grave again. In 2003, during the "Ghost Festival" of the lunar calendar, eight piles of paper money were burned in the "Liangshanbo" forest. Some people speculate that people from two cities have come to visit the grave again.
Liang, Zhu and Ma are still unmarried.
The 82-year-old Ma Zhenxi is a respected patriarch of Ma Po Village. When the reporter saw him, he was sitting in his yard enjoying the cool.
Speaking of Zhu Yingtai, the old man seemed very excited and even a little angry. He said in a trembling voice, "Even if Ma's family dies, they will not marry Zhu." It turned out that "Ma Jia" always felt teased. In the past, Ma Wencai was handsome and rich, and Zhu Yingtai was legally married. It was not the "rob" sung in the play, but Zhu Yingtai failed the Ma Wencai family. The Ma family felt great shame for their partiality.
Ma Zhen dug up a thick western genealogy and showed it to reporters with trembling hands. His son and daughter-in-law said: "There has never been a daughter-in-law surnamed Zhu in the genealogy, and the elderly are not allowed to marry Zhu at all. The younger generation consciously does not talk about the object of Zhu's surname, and the matchmaker also avoids Zhu's surname. I wish people with surnames would rather die than enter the Ma family. "