1935 65438+1At the beginning of October, the Central Red Army broke through the Wujiang Natural Barrier in three ways from south to north. 65438+1October 6, the Red Army vanguard troops entered Zunyi City. In order to establish the defense in northern Guizhou and ensure the establishment of a "new base area in the Sichuan-Guizhou border region" centered on Zunyi, the Central Military Commission decided to send the fourth regiment of the second division of the Red Army Corps to pursue the headquarters of the Guizhou Army that fled to the north, conquer Loushanguan and occupy Tongzi County. Liu Bocheng, Chief of Staff of the Red Army, and Nie, Political Commissar of the First Army, commanded the Fourth Regiment to deploy combat missions at the north gate of Zunyi City. Geng Biao, head of the fourth regiment, and Yang Chengwu, political commissar, immediately led his troops north. The troops arrived at Banqiao and destroyed an enemy outpost. At the same time, he scouted the enemy's situation in Loushanguan and decided to attack Loushanguan all the way and bypass the Kanto trail all the way. 65438+ 10 9, the 4th regiment set out from Banqiao. Li Guangshun, the battalion commander, led the first battalion to attack, and advanced to the gateway in the form of echelon along the highway. The second battalion assembled the second echelon at the foot of the mountain and stood by. Pan Feng, the reconnaissance captain, led the reconnaissance team and the engineering company to advance from the east side of Guandong Road to the enemy rear, so as to cut off the enemy rear road and harass Tongzi County. The enemy guarding Loushanguan is two regiments of Lin Xiusheng, the third brigade of Guizhou Army, who retreated from Wujiang defense line. They're scared.

Before the Red Army solved this problem, the enemy asked for reinforcements from its military headquarters. The enemy headquarters telephoned the enemy "not to take a step back" and ordered them to guard Guandong Road in case the Red Army attacked Tongzi from the rear. When it rained, the soldiers of the Red Army Communication Class put wires on the enemy's telephone lines and eavesdropped on the enemy's calls, knowing that the east side of the enemy was empty. Colonel Geng Biao ordered the frontier troops to stop attacking, and ordered the reconnaissance team and engineering company on the east side to quickly break the enemy's retreat. The communication class eavesdropped on the order of the enemy headquarters to close the telephone number of the defending enemy, knowing that the defending enemy would abandon the customs and retreat to Tongzi. Frontal assault troops launched a general attack from Guannan with intensive firepower and quickly killed Loushanguan. The enemy used the favorable terrain to try to defend the pass and retreat to the north. The red army braved the bullets and rushed into the enemy line, fought fiercely with the enemy and occupied the pass. The enemy fled to the north in panic, discarding weapons, guns and a large number of munitions along the way. The fourth regiment pursued Shimonoseki with victory and went straight to Tongzi County via Nanxikou and Red Garden. Pan Feng's flanking forces captured hundreds of enemies and seized a lot of materials. On the same day, the Red Second Division occupied Tongzi, and the battle of Loushanguan was a great victory. On June 65438+1October 10, the Red Army pursued and annihilated the enemy, and fought fiercely with two regiments of the enemy's Ministry of Seals in the new station for a whole day, repelling the enemy's Ministry of Sichuan, and occupied Songkan on June1/. The 10th Regiment of the Red First Division also set out from Zunyi, stationed in Tongzi, Xinzhan, Songkan and Hotel Cliff to confront the Sichuan Army, and formed the northern defense line of Zunyi, which made important contributions to the security of Zunyi Revolutionary Center and the historic Zunyi Conference held by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Zunyi. 1In February, 935, the first army of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants crossed Chishui for the second time, returned to northern Guizhou, annihilated four regiments of the Guizhou Army, and captured Loushanguan, which opened the prelude to the great victory of Zunyi and achieved the first great victory since the Long March, showing the dawn of the Zunyi Conference. Since then, Loushanguan, where the Red Army fought, has become a famous revolutionary memorial site in northern Guizhou.

Zunyi Conference established Comrade Mao Zedong's leading position in the Party and the Red Army, which was a turning point in the history of our Party. However, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized more than 400,000 troops from various provinces and rushed to northern Guizhou in seven columns in an attempt to "annihilate" more than 30,000 people of the Red Army. In order to get rid of the enemy's encirclement and interception, the Central Military Commission formulated an operational plan to cross the river between Yibin and Luzhou and join the Red Fourth Army in the north. 1935 65438+1October19. The Red Army left Zunyi for the north in three ways. 1935 65438+1On October 29th, the Red Army successfully crossed the Chishui River and entered southern Sichuan at Hunxikou and Hou Yuan Ferry in Tucheng. The enemy situation along the Yangtze River is serious, which is not conducive to the Red Army crossing the river. The Central Military Commission ordered the regiment to move to Zhaxi, Yunnan, where the enemy's strength was weak. Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Sichuan and Yunnan armies to attack the Red Army, and deployed troops in southern Sichuan to encircle the Red Army. On February 10, the Central Military Commission decided to abandon the plan of crossing the Yangtze River in the north, suddenly left Tashi and marched eastward. On February 19, the left column and the right column crossed the Chishui River in Erlangtan and Taiping respectively. On February 14, the 1st Division and 1st Regiment of the Red Army Corps annihilated the 4th Regiment of Guizhou Army Wang Jialie and captured Tongzi County. The rapid return of the Red Army disrupted Chiang Kai-shek's military deployment in northern Guizhou.

1On the morning of February 25th, 935, the Central Military Commission issued the instruction of "taking advantage of weakness to occupy Loushanguan", ordering Peng, head of the Third Army Corps, and Yang, political commissar, to take charge of commanding the first and third army corps and cadres to attack Loushanguan. After receiving the task, Peng immediately ordered the 3rd13rd regiment of the 3rd Army Corps to attack Loushanguan. The first regiment of the first legion detoured to the Carboniferous pass on the east side of the pass, and the rest of the ministries followed the forward to Loushanguan. At 9: 00 am on the 25th, the 13 group was heading for Loushanguan. Meet with the 6th regiment of Du Brigade (one of the main forces in Wang Jialie) in the Red Garden, and the enemy beat and retreated, and retreated from Nanxikou to Loushanguan. Colonel Liu urgently ordered "two riflemen" to enter the highlands on both sides of the pass, with the second battalion guarding the right wing and the company guarding the left wing to prevent the Red Army from attacking head-on, and to cover the enemy 1 Battalion and the 3rd Battalion to build fortifications. Du, the enemy brigade commander, retired to Guannan to command the Black Temple. The enemy commander ordered Song Huaxuan to lead the 10th regiment to reinforce the right wing of Loushanguan, ordered the 15th regiment to be stationed in Banqiao to prevent the Red Army from taking the back road from the east, and also ordered Liu, head of the 6th enemy regiment, to "hold on to Loushanguan for three days" to cover Wu Qiwei's troops crossing the Wujiang River in Guiyang and help Zunyi defend the enemy. After reconnaissance, the Red Army arrived at the north and south Xikou of Guanbei from Hongyuan Garden. It was decided that 13 regiments would tackle key problems, and 10 regiments would flank from both sides to cut off the enemy's back road. 13 Peng Xuefeng, head of the regiment, and Su Zhenhua, political commissar, led the Red Army to tackle key problems and launched a storm under the cover of strong firepower. The first battalion climbed the cliff and attacked the commanding heights of Jinshan. The two charge echelons sounded like thunder, throwing out rows of grenades and rushing out of the enemy lines with bayonets. After fierce hand-to-hand combat, they finally defeated the enemy on the defensive and seized the Jinshan highland. The enemy organized strong firepower and pieced together "death squads" to fight back. The enemy officers used pistols to supervise the war and forced the "double gunmen" to risk their lives to attack the mountain. The Red Army fought a tug-of-war with the enemy on the front lines of Dianjinshan and Dajianshan. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, under the cover of fire organized by the Legion, the Red Army launched five charges, killed the enemy war supervisor, took advantage of the situation and stormed, successively captured more than ten hills on both sides of Loushanguan, completely broke through the enemy's defense lines, and firmly controlled the pass before dusk. Liu packed up the defeated troops and retreated to the front line of Guannan Black Temple. On the evening of 25th, in order to win the final victory in the battle of Loushanguan, the Central Military Commission ordered Xie Song and Zhong Chibing to lead the 1st 1 2nd regiment of the 3rd Army Corps from Tongzi Chumipu to Loushanguan overnight to take over the 1st13rd regiment1battalion, which fought bloody battles with the enemy for one day and one night. Zhang Zongxun and Huang Kecheng were ordered to lead the Red Ten Regiment from the east side of Loushanguan, and Xiaoqing and Niuwangtun circuitously attacked the 15th Regiment of Banqiao Rescue. Deng Guoqing and Zhang Aiping were ordered to lead the Red Eleven regiment out of the west wing of Loushanguan, and Gaoping Bridge was broadcast live by a small paddy field, which cut off the contact between Banqiao and Zunyi and cut off the enemy's retreat. In the early morning of the 26th, thick clouds and dense fog enveloped Loushanguan. The enemy's elite fourth regiment entrenched in Guannan formed a dense formation to launch a group charge at the pass; The remnants of Liu's sixth regiment also flocked to tackle key problems in an attempt to recapture some Jinshan highlands. Song Huaxuan, the 10th regiment of the enemy brigade commander Du Ling, and Jin Zudian, the 16th regiment, attacked the pass from left and right. Under the cover of heavy and light machine guns, they launched six charges and occupied military posts and small posts along the road south of Loushanguan. Commanded by the Red Twelve Regiments, they defeated the enemy many times. Relying on many soldiers, the enemy stormed Loushanguan many times and fought to the death. The red army attacked head-on, flanked from left to right, attacked from front to back, and pursued in depth south along the highway. The fighting lasted from the early hours of the morning until 5 pm, and the Red Army firmly occupied the pass. On the route from Yamaguchi to Banqiao, four enemy regiments were annihilated and defeated, and enemy bodies, weapons, sedan chairs and smoke pipes were everywhere on the mountain and on the road. The Red Army pursued the victory and wiped out four enemy regiments in Gaoping and Donggong Temple. That night,,, Zhu De, Peng successively boarded the Loushanguan, and dismounted at the end of the battle. Mao Zedong suddenly remembered some new words he hummed when he passed Loushanguan a month ago. He got on his horse again and finished "Recalling Qin 'e Loushanguan": "The west wind is spreading eastward, and the geese in the sky are called Frost Morning Moon. First frost morning, horseshoe broken, horn swallowed. Xiongguan road is as iron as iron, and now it is still one step away from the beginning. At the beginning, Cangshan was like the sea, and the sun was like blood. "

1On February 27th, 935, the Red Army occupied Zunyi New Town. On the morning of 28th, the Red Army fought fiercely with the puppet Central Army who came to reinforce in Honghuagang and Laoya Mountain in the south of the city, annihilated the 59th and 93rd divisions of Wu Qiwei, and drove the enemy to the south of Wujiang River, thus successfully ending the battle of Zunyi. The fierce battle in Loushanguan and the victory in Zunyi Campaign freed the Red Army from its passive position and shattered Chiang Kai-shek's dream of destroying the Red Army in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border region. After the Battle of Zunyi, the Red Army crossed Chishui three times and Chishui four times, arrived in Guiyang, entered Yunnan in the west, crossed Jinsha River skillfully, and rushed out of the desperate situation, realizing the great strategic plan of joining forces in the north. During the Red Army's Long March, 1935 and 1 captured Zunyi City. Here, the Red Army soldiers got an extremely valuable 12 day's rest. Before and after the Zunyi Conference, the Red Army was in a very difficult situation: in the face of long-term and arduous marching operations without bases, a large number of soldiers were killed and separated, and the supply of materials and medical supplies was very difficult. At that time, the medical conditions of the Red Army were relatively poor, and all the medicines carried in the war were almost used, which needed a lot of supplements. The Red Army bought all the medicinal materials in the Pacific pharmacy in the city, and the operation required a lot of alcohol disinfection, so it was replaced by locally produced wine. At that time, the larger distillery in Zunyi City was Donggongmiao cellar wine (later Dongjiu). Dongjiu has become an important material to help the wounded of the Red Army. A Red Army came to Donggong Temple on the outskirts of Zunyi and found that the wine here was of good quality, which could not only keep out the cold, but also relieve fatigue. Some lightly wounded people directly wiped their bodies with cellar wine to disinfect and remove blood stasis and relieve pain, and set off in high spirits the next day. Since then, the magical use of Dongjiu has spread in the Red Army. When they left Zunyi, many Red Army soldiers filled their portable kettles with Dongjiu.