Tragic Last Battle: Why Yue Fei and Yuan Chonghuan were Abandoned?
There will always be hot-blooded men who don't want to be foreign slaves to stand up and make a final struggle for the survival of our nation. Their dignity and heroism, however, gave a shocking light in the tragic last fight, which still shines in the long history after thousands of years, inspiring every latecomer whose blood is not cold enough.
A hero abandoned by the people
Author: Fang
When I wrote down the words "national hero", I couldn't help feeling a little heavy. Is it inappropriate to mention national heroes at such a time and place? Have you noticed that some people's whimsy that "a good bird chooses a wood to live in, and a good minister chooses a master to live in" is a truth that conforms to the principles of modern democracy. Therefore, in the national war, people like Yue Fei and Yuan Chonghuan who refused to "abandon the dark for the bright future" and stubbornly resisted the historical trend became criminals who brought disaster to the country and the people. When this theory comes out, some people actually agree with it. The so-called national hero is just synonymous with madness and pedantry in the eyes of some people today.
The principle of democracy was originally a way to deal with the internal affairs of ethnic groups. Now it is a great invention to be applied to the decisive battle between two ethnic groups and deprive the invaded ethnic groups of their right to resist. The future invaders have another big signboard, and the invaded cowards have another excuse to masturbate. But no matter how grand the signboard is and how beautiful the excuse is, there will always be hot-blooded men who don't want to be foreign slaves to stand up and make a final struggle for the survival of our nation. Although due to the current situation, this struggle may be futile, and it will inevitably be ridiculed by wise descendants as resisting the historical trend, their personal dignity and heroism have sent a shocking light in the tragic last fight, and they are still shining in the long history after thousands of years, inspiring every successor whose blood is not cold enough.
What's more, Yue Fei, Yuan Chonghuan and others rose up to resist the predatory aggression of backward and barbaric aliens (at that time), and this kind of resistance has unquestionable justice at any time. Take the late Ming Dynasty as an example. At that time, at the end of the Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty), there were only 200,000 men, all of whom were fighting in the army, and their productive labor depended on the slaves of the captured Han and Korean people. The purpose of their war is to plunder property and capture population. Every time they pass by, they will burn, kill and rob, and do all kinds of evil. Should such an invading enemy be welcomed with a sumptuous meal? Even if the rulers of our nation are fatuous and cruel, what are our people guilty of? In the war to defend our country and defend our country, the hero can only give up his life and forget his death, knowing that he can't do it, and he has no choice.
This kind of heroism is beyond the understanding of some people who call themselves democratic fighters now. Even then, these national heroes who ignored their personal safety were regarded as inappropriate idiots. Buyi Cheng Benzhi, who asked for mutual destruction with Yuan Chonghuan, commented on Yuan Chonghuan: "The whole world is capable, and Yuan Gong is a big idiot. Only its delusion, so the world loves money the most, and Yuan Gong doesn't know it; Only its delusion, so the most precious person in the world died, and Yuan Gong didn't know how to cherish it. As a result, the world did not dare to let go, and Yuan Gong let go without saying anything. As a result, the whole world had to avoid it, and Yuan Gong walked alone without avoiding it. Moreover, the hunger and cold that the whole world can't stand, Yuan Gong thinks that foot soldiers are the first; What's more, Yuan tried his best to break the image that the whole world refused to break, so he confided his heart to generals and officials. " At that time, such an idiot was already "overthrowing two Zhili provinces and visiting thirteen provinces", and it is even more impossible today. No wonder some people want to take the hero of their own nation as the object of their abuse
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Ten Thousand Years is an important turning point in the history of China. This year, the great politician Zhang Yingong died in the line of duty. Twenty-year-old Emperor Wanli began his personal rule, and China suddenly fell into the abyss of darkness and misfortune from the zenith of glory. In the forty-five years of Wanli, Nuerhachi's seven great haters declared to heaven, set out to crusade against Ming, and finally the last straw that crushed the camel of Daming Empire came. The decadent Ming empire was vulnerable and suffered a crushing defeat. In the Battle of Quang Ninh in the second year of the Apocalypse, our army of130,000 was wiped out, and more than 40 cities fell into the hands of the latter. The morale of the Ming army was extremely low. It was in this year that Yuan Chonghuan stepped forward and began to enter the tragic historical stage. Four years later, Nurhachi led a 130,000-strong army to attack Ningyuan, isolated and helpless, but was defeated by 10,000 defenders in Yuan Chonghuan. Nurhachi has been in the world for decades and tasted the fiasco for the first time. He was also injured in the battle and soon died of depression. This is the first victory of the Ming army in the long war of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Another year passed, and Huang Taiji wanted to avenge his father, "destroy this grain", and led two yellow flags and two white flags to besiege Ningyuan and Jinzhou. He couldn't capture the city, failed in the field, lost the battle, and fled overnight. From then on, Yuan Chonghuan became Megatron in Liaodong, making the Qing soldiers famous.
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Chongzhen acceded to the throne and recalled Yuan Chonghuan, who was dismissed by Wei Zhongxian because of the victory of Ningjin. He worshipped the history of the Ministry of War and gave him a sword. The minister of war is the highest military chief executive, and the governor is the highest military commander. Yuan Chonghuan reached the pinnacle of his military career. Yuan Chonghuan took office and sat in western Liaoning. Manchu soldiers never dared to enter the customs through Ningjin, but they might invade through Mongolia and Jiyumen. Although Yuan Chonghuan was a Liao soldier who was a poet of Du Fu, Jizhou was actually out of his control. Therefore, the imperial court must strengthen Zunhua's defense, and add the general commander Ying Yong. Lian Sanshu, the court was impeached because of the company commander candidate he recommended, and ignored it. Courtiers are still here, and Huang Taiji has accepted the advice of treacherous court official Gao. Sure enough, as Yuan Chonghuan expected, on October 27th, the second year of Chongzhen, he led more than 100,000 soldiers, led by Mongolian soldiers, who fled from xifengkou to the Great Wall and captured Zunhua. These places are under the jurisdiction of Liu Ce, governor of Jilin and Liao (the governor is one level lower than Du), and have nothing to do with Yuan Chonghuan. However, Yuan was "in a hurry". On the 28th, he heard the newspaper, that is, he joined Zu Dashou and He Lingbing to help. Funing, Yongping (both in the northeast of Hebei) and other places along the road, one by one, one by one in the city, are going to cut off the troops all over the road. On November 10th, Yuan Jun arrived in Jizhou and confronted the Manchu soldiers. Man Bing didn't expect to meet Yuan Jun here. I was so scared that I withdrew my troops from Jizhou to Tongzhou in the middle of the night, crossed the North Canal and arrived in Beijing. Yuan Chonghuan led five thousand cavalry to chase after him. The soldiers never let go of their meals, and the horses stopped. He marched more than 300 miles in two days and two nights and arrived in Beijing three days ahead of the whole army. Chongzhen was overjoyed to see Yuan Jun arrive. He summoned Yuan Chonghuan and gave him a pair of royal beard and mink. However, Yuan Chonghuan asked the soldiers to go to the city to rest, but without approval, they had to be stationed outside Guangqumen. There were soldiers all the way. When they arrived at the Gaomidian, they found that Yuan Jun was already in Beijing. They were all shocked and thought that Yuan Jun had fallen from the sky. On the 20th, the two armies fought in Guangqumen. Yuan Jun later came 4000 cavalry, a total of only 9000 people. With these 9,000 men against 100,000 full soldiers, they fought from morning till night, and the full soldiers finally lost ground, and even retreated for more than a dozen miles before they stabilized their position. Yuan Chonghuan, who didn't know martial arts, put on his armor and bid in person, chasing the Manchu soldiers all the way north to the canal. It is said that Yuan was wounded by an arrow in the battle (A Record of Renzu in Korea).
This battle is very different from the battle of Ningyuan and the victory of Ningjin. It was not held by the city, but a tough field battle. Even the Hony Gun, which the Ming army relied on most, failed to come in handy and had no advantage in the military situation. But I was very lucky to defeat my enemy ten times as much as myself, relying on the high morale of defending the capital to the death. As a wise military commander, Yuan Chonghuan deeply knows that morale cannot be relied on for a long time. Even in this battle, he doesn't want to fight, but he must fight. He is very lucky, with less wins more. He was not carried away by victory, but stayed put, waiting for a large number of infantry and hard-working soldiers from all over the country who arrived later. Chongzhen urged him to go to war many times, but he postponed it on the grounds that the soldiers were tired and waiting for reinforcements. In fact, even if reinforcements arrive, he may not be willing to fight the Manchu soldiers at once, because the Ming army is no match for the Manchu soldiers who can ride well and shoot well. Yuan Chonghuan's strategy for Manchu soldiers has always been "if the war is insufficient, more will be treated;" More than defense, less than war. "This time, Huang Taiji went deep into the hinterland of Daming with the teacher of dumping the country, and the risk was great. The longer it takes, the worse it will be for them. Yuan Chonghuan's plan is to cut off the retreat of Manchu soldiers and surround them. When the time is right, Wang Bing will gather people from all walks of life, and then camp on all sides for a decisive battle, thus completing the battle. This campaign should be able to deal a heavy blow, if not completely annihilated. Haikou, which I boasted to Chongzhen earlier, still has a faint hope. At this time, two regular soldiers came. Yuan Chonghuan did not leave them guarding Beijing, but sent them all the way to Changping to guard the imperial tomb, and the other way back to Sanhe, cutting off the back road full of soldiers. His own main force is expected to arrive on December 3 and 4, and he can begin to implement the encirclement plan. I didn't expect to be arrested and imprisoned on the first day, so that history can be rewritten!
The more Chongzhen thinks about this deployment of Yuan Chonghuan, the more suspicious he is. The more he thinks about it, the more wrong he is: Why can we expect the enemy to be like a god, saying that the soldiers are full and really coming? Why don't you chase after defeating the enemy, but stay put? Why did the loyal soldiers disperse them when they came to him? At this time, the public opinion in the DPRK and the city is also very unfavorable to Yuan Chonghuan. This is the first time that Manchu soldiers fought outside Beijing. Have the officials and people in Beijing ever seen this kind of battle, and they are all eager to drive away the Manchu soldiers as soon as possible; Most senior officials and nobles have property outside the city. Now being ravaged by soldiers, I naturally feel very distressed. Seeing that Yuan Chonghuan was going to fight a protracted war, the officials and people vented their grievances on Yuan Chonghuan and called him "the enemy". Our people have always liked to attack current events with jingles, and rulers of past dynasties have also attached great importance to this folk song and regarded it as a prophecy. At this time, such a folk song also appeared: "Vote for Yuan Chonghuan, and the Dalai Lama runs halfway." (Wen Bing's Little Knowledge of the Fierce Emperor) At this time, the people actually thought that Yuan Chonghuan had to be arrested ("cast") to drive away the Manchu army. These public opinions naturally reached Chongzhen's ears through various channels, which deepened his doubts. Finally, the two eunuchs captured by Man Bing fled back and reported to Chongzhen the important secret they overheard in the enemy camp: It turned out that Yuan Chonghuan had colluded with Man Bing, and Man Bing was not defeated on the 20th, but deliberately withdrew and asked Yuan Chonghuan to carry out his plan. At this point, Chongzhen suddenly realized that all the mysteries were solved. He immediately summoned Yuan Chonghuan and ordered the Royal Guards to arrest Yuan Chonghuan in the temple.
All the college students present at that time were sober-headed. Please be careful to kowtow to Chongzhen and don't believe the rumors. At present, the situation in Enemy at the Gates is critical, which is not comparable at ordinary times (that is, don't arrest whoever you want as usual). Chongzhen thinks that the evidence is in hand, and being cautious is to follow the trend and not smell it ("Ming Ji"). When I was in Enemy at the Gates, I arrested my supreme military commander and put him in prison, which was unprecedented not only in the history of China, but also in the history of the world.
Zu Dashou was summoned together, and when he saw the boss being arrested, he was shaking and at a loss. Chongzhen sent eunuchs to read the imperial edict to Yuan Jun outside the city, declaring Yuan Chonghuan guilty, and the armed forces burst into tears. On the third day, regardless of indignation, Zu Dashou and He decided not to work hard for the emperor's old son, and led them to Jinzhou East. On the way, the main force of Yuan Jun, who is going south to help, heard that the coach was captured and naturally turned around and left.
Chongzhen didn't panic now, so he accepted Yu Dacheng's suggestion, sent all the cabinet members and Jiuqing to prison, begged Yuan Chonghuan to write to persuade Zu Dashou to come back. When the emissary caught up with Yuan Jun, it was already outside Shanhaiguan. After reading it, Zu Dashou dismounted and cried with a letter, and the whole army followed suit, which shocked Zu Dashou's mother in the army. After asking about the incident, he advised everyone to go back and bravely kill the enemy: "So it is a shame for the prison army to come to this step. I'm not dead today, so why don't you redeem me and beg the Lord for my life? " . As a result, Yuan Jun rushed back to the customs and recovered Yongping and Zunhua areas. This one thing, even a stone-hearted person like Chongzhen, can't help but be slightly moved, so he flashed the idea of Yuan Chonghuan's comeback, but it was just a flash.
Yuan Chonghuan was accused of making peace with the Lord and killing a guard. Being good at making peace with the speaker means making peace with Huang Taiji. Huang taiji and the Ming army should take the initiative to make peace after each battle. This is not the sincere peace that Jin Yong thought in Yuan Chonghuan's biography, but mostly a deceptive plan to delay the war. Yuan Chonghuan is not unaware of this, but the Ming army, which is at a military disadvantage, needs a peaceful time to recuperate and consolidate the city. Therefore, he responded positively to every discussion of Huang taiji, and their correspondence continued. All this was not done behind the scenes of the Ming court. Although the Ming court disagreed with the peace talks, it was not surprising. In Yuan Chonghuan's paper presented to Chongzhen, he also pointed out that his strategy of governing Liao was "defending with bare hands, fighting for Indiana Jones, and guarding on the edge". Chongzhen also appreciates this. When Yuan Chonghuan was "good at peace", Chongzhen even added his official and gave him the title of Prince Shaobao, but at this time he turned over the old scores of history. In view of the lessons of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Ming literati were ashamed to negotiate with Manchu, and made peace with Jin in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, Yuan Chonghuan and Huang Taiji did not have any humiliation or even superior negotiation, and this obvious difference is not obvious. If they dare to negotiate, they will be regarded as Qin Gui-style traitors, regardless of the purpose of the negotiations. The so-called scholar mistakenly entered the country, which is what Cheng Benzhi said: "The world has to avoid, Yuan Gong." (For the last peace talks with Yuan Chonghuan, Huang Taiji once complained in the imperial edict: "When I was arrested, I really wanted to stop fighting and enjoy peace, so I often sent people to talk. But the two emperors, the Apocalypse and Chongzhen, benefited me a lot, forcing me to retreat, and taught me to break the emperor's name and ban the national treasure. I miss heaven and earth, how dare I be light! His emperor's national treasure, did it one by one, and Khan asked for additional printing. So far, it is not allowed. I couldn't bear it anymore, so I called on heaven and earth to complain and sent troops in depth. " Then it is clear what kind of peace talks this is. For this negotiation, the Qing people later thought it was a great shame and drowned it. Fortunately, this woodcut of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is still kept in the cabinet archives of the Qing Palace. )
Killing a guard exclusively means that six months ago, Yuan Chonghuan took a boat to Shuangdao in the name of military parade to sacrifice his sword and beheaded Mao, the left commander guarding Pidao. Jin Yong complained that Mao shouldn't have been killed, and the way to kill him was wrong. Yuan Chonghuan listed twelve counts of Mao, but they were indeed capital crimes at that time, such as disobeying control, falsely reporting the number of soldiers, filling gaps with silver, and having an affair with the horse market. Later generations looked up the archives of the Qing Palace and found that Mao Longwen had an affair with the Qing people at that time (The Secret History of Modern China), which shows that he deserved to die. As for Yuan Chonghuan using such dramatic means to kill him, it was a last resort. Pidao, which is alone overseas, can only push against Mao if it is seized by letters. It's not that the DPRK minister didn't want to get rid of Mao Longwen, but that he couldn't and didn't dare to get rid of him, but that he couldn't: "All doctors said you could kill him, and all China people said you could kill him. Don't kill, don't kill, can't kill, also dare not kill. Worship is a quick way to get through the country. " (Cheng Benzhi, "The Sound of the Swirl"). North Korea was deeply poisoned by Mao, and korean king was overjoyed when he heard that he was punished.
"The great harm of saving the world." (A Record of Renzu in Korea), which can prove that Mao was killed. However, Mao can't kill the enemy, so flatter him. More than half of the reimbursement he received was not shipped out of Beijing, but was used for bribery. In the private horse market, strategic materials were exchanged from Qing people for ginseng mink, and they were also used to pay tribute to court officials, so some officials liked Mao very much. Yuan Chonghuan killed Mao He, and these court dignitaries cut off a lot of money. They all hated Yuan Chonghuan, especially Mao's fellow countryman and college student Wen Ziren. It is this style of benevolence that quickly connected Wushu when Chongzhen flashed the idea of reusing Yuan Chonghuan. Please kill Yuan Chonghuan quickly. Killing Mao was later used as evidence of Yuan Chonghuan's collaboration with the enemy, because it was said that the Qing soldiers were most afraid of Mao instead of Yuan Chonghuan, so they asked Yuan Chonghuan to kill him as a condition of peace talks. Mao was praised as Yue Fei because Yuan Chonghuan was considered to be. The Apocalypse recorded many evils of Mao, but the literature at this time praised Mao instead.
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It took more than eight months to be caught killing people from Yuan Chonghuan. Since the evidence of Yuan Chonghuan's collaboration with the enemy is conclusive, why did it take so long? Jin Yong said it was because all the soldiers had withdrawn from the Great Wall until June. During this period, Chongzhen did not dare to kill Yuan Chonghuan or offend Liaodong troops. Since Chongzhen dared to catch him, everyone knew that Yuan would die if he caught him, so why didn't he dare to kill him? At that time, Liang Tingdong, the minister of the Ministry of War, even asked Chongzhen to behead Yuan Chonghuan, saying that "if the slave's plan is reversed, the hearts of Liao people will be at ease" ("Ming Benbing Liang Tingdong Please Chop Yuan Chonghuan's Book"), which shows that in these people's eyes, killing Yuan will help stabilize people's hearts. The Yuan case dragged on for so long because of the party struggle. It turns out that Qianlong Xilu had a good relationship with Yuan Chonghuan at that time, and it was also at this time that it was implicated. Qian was the person in charge of punishing Wei Zhongxian's case (called the inverse case), which made eunuchs bear a grudge. At this time, the rebellion of Yan Dang gradually gained power in the imperial court, so he wanted to expand the Yuan case into a new inverse case and destroy Qian Longxi's opponent. Qian Longxi naturally has some forces in the DPRK, and the two factions have started a tug-of-war on the Yuan case, so things have been dragging on. This incident was finally discovered by Chongzhen, who lost his temper and ordered him to settle the Yuan case (Ming Ji) within five days. The new case failed, but Qian Longxi was arrested after Yuan Chonghuan's death and sentenced to banishment.
It was Liang Tingdong mentioned earlier who presided over the joint trial of the Yuan case. This person worked with Yuan Chonghuan in Liaodong, but they were not harmonious. Finally, they seized Lynch's opportunity. At first, he decided to punish Yi Sanzu. At that time, the most powerful intercessor for Yuan Chonghuan was Ministry of War doctor Yu Dacheng. Then he threatened his boss: I worked as a doctor in the Ministry of War and changed six ministers. None of them came to a good end; You set a precedent for the Yi people. Think about your own family. Liang Tingdong was really frightened, so he discussed with Wen Ziren to reduce Yuan Chonghuan's punishment and sentence him to another year. His brother and sister were exiled for 3,000 miles (Yuan Chonghuan had no children, and Yuan Chengzhi in The Sword with the Blood of the Emperor was naturally fictional), and he had no property himself (Yuan Jia obviously had no property, indicating that Yuan Chonghuan was an upright official).
On August 16th, the third year of Chongzhen, 46-year-old Yuan Chonghuan was killed at the gate of Beijing West Market. The so-called mid-year is 1000 yuan, which is the capital punishment in the capital punishment; At first, Beijingers thought that Yuan Chonghuan was the enemy, but now they all think that Yuan Chonghuan collaborated with the enemy. The Qing soldiers were attracted by him and fought for vilen's flesh and blood to vent their anger and make this year even more tragic. Zhang Dai, a late Ming historian who mistook Yuan Chonghuan for a big traitor, wrote down this bloody scene with relish:
"Hence to town fondle company bound west market, cut it inch by inch. Cut off a piece of meat and the people in the capital will fight for it from the executioner. The executioner threw himself at random, and the people used money to fight for meat, which was completed immediately. Open your mouth and let your stomach out. When the people get up and rob, those who get a share will be bitten by soju, blood will flow from between their teeth and cheeks, and they will spit and swear. Those who look for its bones will smash it with knives and axes, and its flesh and blood will be exhausted, leaving only one song and spreading it to the nine parties. "(The Book of Chambers)
The price of hero meat is as big as a finger, and silver is one yuan. And our hero, in the whole execution process, has been sighing, even if he is skinny and exhausted. "Between the heart and lungs, crying is endless, and it stops for a long time." (Ming Ji Bei lue) It's not surprising that vilen lamented the ignorance of the people. He lamented the regret that he had died before his conquest. Even if he is executed, what haunts him is still the survival of the nation and the security of the country:
Don't worry about being brave after death, the loyal soul still guards Liaodong! ("Enforcement of Judgments")
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Yuan Chonghuan is not ignorant of his own destiny. Since joining the army, he has been worried about not dying in battle, but dying of rumors. It is this kind of worry that is repeatedly said in recitation. He told the Emperor of the Apocalypse: "Gu Yong must have enemies when he pursues the enemy, and he must have jealousy when he makes meritorious deeds. He must have resentment when he makes meritorious deeds, and he can only make meritorious deeds if he is guilty; You can't do it without deep resentment, and you can't succeed without committing crimes. The libel book is full of pros and cons. Since ancient times, only sages and courtiers have begun. " He said the same thing to Emperor Chongzhen: "It is more than enough to control the whole Liao country with the power of ministers, but it is not enough to mobilize the public. Once you go abroad, you will become Wan Li. Don't be jealous of your work, and no one is there. Even if you don't have the power to push the minister's elbow, you can confuse the minister with opinions. " "When employing people, trust without doubt. But it is a matter of success or failure, and there is no need to pick flaws in words and deeds. Heavy responsibilities, many grievances. The situation shows that the enemy is anxious and so is the enemy. People think it is difficult for border officials. Your majesty loves my minister and knows him. Why should I be suspicious, but dare not tell him that I am in danger? "When we read these words today, we only feel that every word is blood and every sentence is tears. Yuan Chonghuan foresaw that he would die from the enemy's rebellion and the suspicion of the imperial court. In that case, why doesn't he "be a good minister and choose the right one" and live in seclusion in the mountains? But to give my life to serve the country, knowing that it is a dead end, but going through fire and water? Because the people are suffering, the nation is dying, and the hot-blooded men are duty-bound. They dare not drag out an ignoble existence and cherish death!
"Zhang Ce must be guilty of seeking revenge. Brother Heng was not a marquis." (Farewell to the Border Pass) He joined the army, not to seal Wan Huhou, but to recover lost ground and relieve the people of Liaodong. In the famous platform countermeasures of Chongzhen and Yuan Chonghuan, Chongzhen once called Yuan Chonghuan to his side and said to him, "May the Qing Dynasty pacify the invasion of foreign enemies at an early date and relieve the suffering of people in all directions." This is just a cliche. Yuan Chonghuan was greatly moved and raised his hand and said, "The emperor has thought about it for all the people in the world. This word is true." No matter what I have learned and done, I dare not look up to the emperor and end the game early. "(The Book of Chambers) For Chongzhen, I think of the people, and my joy is beyond words. He made peace with Huang Taiji, taking the return of the occupied territory and the return of the captured officials, men and women as the primary negotiation conditions, and never gave in: "Why quit when it is repaired today? "Official students, men and women, how to return?" .
Since we put national interests first, we have to abandon family happiness regardless of personal safety: "Anato, for ten years, parents have never thought of children, wives have never thought of husbands, and brothers and sisters have never thought of friends. Oh, Anato, just call it: Daming's outlaw. " (Yu Dacheng's "Cut the Liver") Willing to be an outlaw who takes his country as his home, this is why Yuan Chonghuan is a national hero and Yuan is a "model soldier through the ages" (in Liang Qichao's words). However, such a desperate man died tragically at the hands of his own people. A nation that slaughters its heroes is really a hopeless slave country!
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Jin Yong believed that among the courtiers at that time, about 70% sympathized with Yuan Chonghuan, while the remaining 30% advocated killing him, according to Yu Dacheng's statement at that time. In fact, there is another sentence behind: seven out of ten people who sympathize with Yuan Chonghuan "sit in a very big place and are afraid of Tijen (Wen Style Ren) and Dong (Liang Tingdong) and dare not save them." Probably just Yu Dacheng bluffing to save Yuan Chonghuan. At that time, few courtiers dared to openly defend Yuan Chonghuan. College students, Cheng and the official ministers have been rescued. Zu Dashou used the shadow of rank to demand redemption. The Ministry of War asked Qian Jiaxiu to take the lead, and the ambassador Luo defended Yuan, and was demoted to prison. In addition, it is for this purpose that Yu Dacheng wrote an article entitled "Liver Cutting Record". And Yuan Chonghuan will Liao soldiers, of course, all know that his boss is wronged. During Yuan Chonghuan's more than eight months in prison, every day, foreign officials and foot soldiers went to Sun Chengzong's mansion to wail and complain, willing to stand out, but Sun Chengzong did not dare to report to Chongzhen. Compared with the courtiers, the courage to go to the table is very different. He not only wrote an article "The Voice of the Swirl" to defend Yuan's injustice, but also tried to fight it four times, all in vain. In a rage, he asked him to die with Yuan: "I didn't die for an affair, but for justice." After wishing to die, people who have good deeds will tattoo his bones on the edge of Yuan Cemetery, and carve the words "a pair of spoony people, two brave people", and their eyes will be in the grave. "Chongzhen fulfilled him and killed him conveniently.
More and more people think that Yuan Chonghuan deserves to die. Even if they don't think Yuan deserved to die, they just think that vilen has made a great contribution, and they don't know that there are other grievances. It is hard to believe that Yuan Chonghuan's collusion with eunuchs is convincing.
Although Chongzhen may have kept a secret, people at that time all knew that two eunuchs played a key role in the process of digging out Yuan Chonghuan, a big traitor (The Story of Chambers). In this situation, how much pressure and courage are needed for those who dare to avenge Yuan Ming. Thanks to the first-hand historical materials left by these warriors, we have a clear understanding of the cause and effect of this unjust prison today.
These weak voices of injustice were quickly drowned out. Scholars in the Southern Ming Dynasty, whether gentlemen or villains, learned scholars or shameless people, all called Yuan Chonghuan a traitor who brought disaster to the country and people, and made up stories about how Yuan Chonghuan colluded with the Qing soldiers in secret. Even if a few knowledgeable scholars think there is something hidden, they dare not defend Yuan Chonghuan. Jin Yong's ancestor Cha Jizuo's masterpiece "A Record of Criminal Evidence" in Ming history mentioned this important case for Daming's fate, but there were only four words: "Go to prison, use punishment". No wonder Meng Sen, an expert in modern Ming history, said indignantly: "This shows that the day of reunification is endless, and the crime of worshipping Huan Gong is unknown!" Today, according to these "records" in the late Ming Dynasty, some scholars believe that Yuan's statement of collaborating with the enemy and threatening peace is not nonsense. People who read history can be careless!
Since the emperor is so fatuous, courtiers are so jealous, and the people are so ignorant, Yuan Chonghuan, who has been comforting himself with "a bitter heart, we will know later", can only expect a fair trial in history (prison);
Law enforcement is hard to forgive, especially since I know it.
But if you remain innocent, you can't quit.
However, this day came too late. During the Qianlong period, the Qing people compiled the Biography of Yuan Chonghuan in the Ming Dynasty according to the records of Qing Taizong. Only then did the world know that the two eunuchs were put back by the Qing soldiers on purpose, and the secret they overheard was also overheard by the Qing soldiers on purpose, and all this was a Jiang Gan Stolen Book directed by Huang Taiji who was familiar with the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. At this point, Yuan Chonghuan's life story came to light. However, at this time, the Ming dynasty was wiped out for a hundred years, and all the old people in Daming died cleanly.
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The main originality of Jin Yong's Comment on Yuan Chonghuan lies in the fact that the fundamental reason why Chongzhen killed Yuan Chonghuan was not the enemy's double spy, but the personality conflict between two people. His reason is that Cao Cao was caught by Zhou Yu's double spy and woke up immediately, while Yuan Chonghuan was imprisoned and killed for more than eight months. It is impossible for Chongzhen not to know that this is the enemy's "Jiang Gan stealing books". The reason why he still wanted to kill Yuan Chonghuan was to hide his original stupidity and refused to admit his mistake. Cao Cao's contradiction between China and the West is just a novelist's statement, which is not enough. Even if there is such a thing, treacherous and resourceful Cao Cao can wake up, but Chongzhen, a young man in his twenties, may not have this ability.
But I also believe that the enemy's perfidy is not the root cause of Yuan Chonghuan's murder, it is only the last link in the chain to capture Yuan Chonghuan, which has long been forged by the treacherous court official of the bad king and the corrupt and ignorant people.
The Yuan case is the most important unjust case in the history of China. When you mention a big grievance, everyone will immediately think of Yue Fei and Yu Qian. But in the early Southern Song Dynasty, there were many famous soldiers. Besides Yue Fei, there were Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun and others, so the Southern Song Dynasty was able to survive for more than one hundred years. Yu Qian's death after his success had no direct influence on the national movement of the Ming Dynasty. But the death of Yuan Chonghuan directly led to the final demise of the Ming Dynasty. After his death, the Ming court could no longer find a decent inspector, and no one participated. This is the first result. The second consequence is that the soldiers of the Ming army are so indifferent to the court. In the past, the Ming army fought against Manchu soldiers. Although it was defeated and fought repeatedly, few soldiers surrendered to Manchu soldiers because they were either dead or fled. After Yuan's death, the whole army began to surrender to the Manchu soldiers: "With the loyalty of the governor, there is no impunity. What are we doing here? " . In the second year after his death, the surrendered Ming army gave the Red Yi Gun to the Manchu soldiers. Since then, the Ming army has no advantage in weapons. Third, after the death of Yuan Chonghuan, the morale of the regular army Wang Bing was in chaos. After the Shanxi and Shaanxi armies were defeated and returned to their hometown, they became bandits. From then on, bandits became another great threat to the Ming Dynasty and eventually buried them.
Fifteen years after Yuan Chonghuan's death, Chongzhen hanged Jingshan Park. Wu is not wronged at all. Before he died, Chongzhen declared that "you are not the king of national subjugation, but I am the minister of national subjugation". At the end of his life, he took a granite head and reported to Zhu Yuanzhang that Zhu Yuanzhang was as cruel as he was, but more knowledgeable.
In the second year of the Apocalypse, another national hero, Xiong Tingbi, a famous anti-gold star, was unjustly killed by the court and spread to the nine parties. Yuan Chonghuan, who was still unknown at that time, died of grief and made a poem to mourn. These two poems are suitable for mourning Yuan Chonghuan himself. The poem says:
Remember to laugh when you meet, and talk about soldiers at night.
Only talents and civil servants have no children, and it is a sin to achieve greatness.
The broad corners of the eyes can be cracked, and the fuzzy blood face is like life.
Low back pain, extremely personal sacrifice, crying late at night.
Breathe too much bow, Tibetan dogs cook dogs, and the fox is dead is the most important thing.
A poor family is hard to redeem, and it is famous for bribing and killing people.
In order to vent his anger, he went to Tan Daoji to avenge Wei Yuancheng.
Why should we make good use of soldiers when we debut?