The Anshi Rebellion is called the turning point of the whole imperial era in China. Since then, the Central Plains dynasty began a long internal reorganization after the local rebellion, and it was too busy to take care of the nomadic people on the desert grassland. This long turning point continued until Khan formed an alliance. A year later, Liao and Song achieved a hundred years of peace.

From the Anshi Rebellion to the Khan League, from 755 AD to 1005, a total of 250 years, what changes have taken place in the long turning point of Chinese civilization?

1. The ownership of Yanyun area has ended.

Sixteen counties are located at the junction of nomadic people and agricultural areas. During this period, with the decline of Turks, a large number of nomadic Hu people moved here and established many fetters here.

The Anshi Rebellion was not accidental. At that time, Jimo was used to resettle nomadic people who joined the Datang tribe. After the Anshi Rebellion, the three towns of Heshuo were controlled by Anshi Yubu and still kept a certain distance from the Tang Dynasty. Yanyun people always regarded An Lushan and Shi Siming as "two saints" until the demise of the Tang Dynasty. Hebei, once the core area of Chinese civilization, has almost become a foreign land.

That's what happened. When Shi Jingtang divided sixteen states into Liao, there was no resistance. The Khan League determined the border of Liao and Song Dynasties. Sixteen States were completely separated from the Central Plains Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang did not recover it until 400 years later.

In other words, Khan's alliance was the final result of An Shi Rebellion.

2. The official rise of the South

The southward movement of China's economic and cultural center is one of the most important changes in the whole ancient history. Admittedly, it was a long process, but the Anshi Rebellion accelerated it.

Qin Zheng Baiyue spread Chinese civilization to the south; By the Han dynasty, the economy of the south had developed initially. By the end of the Han dynasty, Jiangnan and Bashu cultural centers began to have the capital to fight against the Central Plains in a short time; However, the Wuhu Rebellion led to the first leap of China civilization in the south, which was the first rapid development of economy and culture in the south.

However, after the reunification of the Sui Dynasty, many families still returned to the north, which is still the economic and cultural center of the country. This can be seen from the fact that most of the authors of Tang poetry are from the north, while the prime ministers of Tang dynasty are rarely from the south.

After the Anshi Rebellion, the three towns of Heshuo were far away from the Tang Dynasty, and the imperial economy began to rely on the Jianghuai area. The chaos in the north lasted for five generations, while the south was relatively stable. The war caused a large number of northerners to emigrate to the south. By the Northern Song Dynasty, the South could keep pace with the North in economy and culture.

From the Anshi Rebellion to the Khan Alliance, it is a crucial period for the South to become the national economic and cultural center.

3. The revival of Confucianism

Buddhism introduced into China from the Eastern Han Dynasty has gradually become a prominent school in northern and southern China. The Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties can even be called the "Buddhist era" of China.

After the An-Shi Rebellion, the scholar-officials began the revival movement of Confucianism, and the representative event was the "ancient prose movement" initiated by Han Yu.

"Ancient prose", as opposed to parallel prose, refers to the prose in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. Han Yu advocated ancient prose, not only to discuss how to write articles, but to restore the orthodoxy of ancient Confucianism and revive Confucianism.

Si Wu's so-called Tao is not the so-called Tao and Buddha.

In other words, Han Yu clearly pointed out that Confucianism also has a consistent "Tao" different from Buddhism. This system began in the Tang Dynasty and ended in Confucius and Mencius. Han Yu wanted to connect it.

The Central Plains War was accompanied by the slow revival of Confucianism, which was completed in the Song Dynasty. In fact, the revival of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty benefited from the peaceful environment after Khan's alliance. Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, known as the "Five Scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty", were key figures in reviving Confucianism. These people established Neo-Confucianism. This is an epoch-making event in the cultural history of Neo-Confucianism in China.

Including Confucianism, Sinology and Song Studies, but not

After the Anshi Rebellion, the power of frontier generals reached the peak of history. Generally speaking, when it reaches the peak, it tends to go downhill. That's what happened. In view of the situation that "Mazhuang took soldiers as the emperor" in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty established the civil service politics with the imperial examination system and the civil service system as the core, and suppressed the martial arts with literature. Since then, the status of soldiers has plummeted, and there is no possibility of rebellion.

The Huang Chao Rebellion at the end of the Tang Dynasty and later Zhu Wen killed all the aristocratic families, and the imperial examination made it possible for ordinary scholars to enter the imperial court. So since the Song Dynasty, the royal family is no longer a family member, but a real "son of heaven". No courtier is qualified to sit down and talk to the emperor.

With the revival of Confucianism, monarchs, ministers, fathers, sons and sons gradually became popular and never died out.

5. The Chinese and foreign systems in the Tang Dynasty began to disintegrate.

During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, all ethnic groups came to Korea. Since the Anshi Rebellion, the Chinese and foreign systems with the Tang Dynasty as the core began to disintegrate.

In 763 AD, Tubo invaded Chang 'an. Uighur helped Datang solve the Anshi Rebellion, which was in sharp contrast with the nearly hundred-year war launched by Tubo in the western regions and the establishment of Anxi township government and Beiting township government in the western regions.

At the same time, Nanzhao in Yunnan-Guizhou region was independent and often joined forces with Tubo to attack the Tang Dynasty. Nanzhao developed into Dali in the Song Dynasty.

In the process of pacifying the Huang Chao Rebellion, Tuoba Sigong, a Xixia native, was appointed as our ambassador, which was the predecessor of Xixia.

In the same year that the Tang Dynasty perished, Lu Ye Abadji, a Khitan, called him Khan, and nine years later he officially proclaimed himself emperor.

So we can see that when the Song Dynasty was established, China was still in a fragmented situation. This does not mean that there was no independent political power in the Han and Tang Dynasties, but that the Song Dynasty was not the core of the "Chinese and foreign order" and there was no hegemony of "all nations came to Korea".

You know, during this period, not only Song and Liao proclaimed themselves emperors, but also Xixia and Dali proclaimed themselves emperors. At the same time, from the Five Dynasties to the early Song Dynasty, Vietnam and Korea were completely separated from the Central Plains Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty had to admit this fact.

Therefore, the alliance between Chen and Yuan after the Anshi Rebellion not only ended the Song-Liao War, but also clearly told the world that the Song Dynasty was not the "master of the world" because Liao and Song were "brotherly countries", which was unprecedented in the history of the Central Plains Dynasty.

I often wonder, if the Yuan Dynasty did not unify the whole country and put an end to the situation that the world was divided into seven parts, would China continue to develop in this respect? Because I can't see the power of the Northern Expedition in the Song Dynasty and then unifying the whole country.