Steam locomotive is a kind of train locomotive. Its advantages are simple structure and low cost, but its disadvantages are low thermal efficiency and large volume.

George stephenson, an Englishman, invented the first steam locomotive. 18 14, the first steam locomotive "pioneer" developed by him was successfully put into trial operation;

1On September 27th, 825, Stephenson personally drove the Voyager steam locomotive designed and manufactured by him in cooperation with others on the newly laid railway, and achieved success. The application of steam engine in the transportation industry has brought mankind into the "train age".

The first simple steam locomotive "China Rocket" made in China. When Tang-Xu Railway 188 1 was opened to traffic, China workers from the Engineering Department of Tangshan Kaiping Mining Bureau used some design drawings of Claude Willia M? nder (1852-1936), an Englishman who was still an engineer at that time, and used old materials such as mine lifting boilers and shaft trough irons for trial production.

Second, the diesel locomotive period

Diesel locomotive is a locomotive powered by internal combustion engine and driven by transmission device. Most of the internal combustion engines used in China Railway are diesel engines.

The advantages of diesel locomotives are fast starting, high horsepower and high thermal efficiency. Disadvantages are complex structure, high manufacturing and maintenance costs and great pollution.

At the beginning of the 20th century, foreign countries began to explore the trial production of diesel locomotives.

1924, the Soviet Union manufactured electric diesel locomotives and delivered them to the railway. In the same year, Germany used diesel engine and air compressor to match, and used the waste heat of diesel engine to heat compressed air instead of steam, and converted steam locomotive into air-driven diesel locomotive.

1925, the United States put 220 kW electric diesel locomotive into operation and engaged in shunting operation.

On September 9th, 1958, China's first diesel locomotive was successfully developed in Beijing Changxindian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, with a dead weight of 60 tons, a locomotive traction of 600 horsepower and a top speed of 85 kilometers per hour. More than 30,000 accessories for locomotives are all made in China.

Third, the period of electric locomotive.

Electric locomotive is a kind of locomotive without its own energy.

The advantages of electric locomotive are that the thermal efficiency is twice as high as that of steam locomotive, the power is high, the overload capacity is strong, the traction is large, the speed is fast, the overhaul time is short, the maintenance amount is small, the operating cost is low, it is convenient to realize multi-machine traction, regenerative braking can be used, energy can be saved, air pollution will not be caused, and the noise is low.

1890, in London, England, electric locomotives were first used to tow vehicles on a 5.6-kilometer subway, which was the first electric locomotive in the world. As the main place of the first industrial revolution, Britain played a vital role in the research and development of steam locomotives and electric locomotives.

Fourth, the high-speed rail period.

High-speed train, also known as high-speed train, refers to a train that can run continuously at high speed.

The advantages of high-speed trains are fast, comfortable, stable and safe, energy saving and environmental protection.

The most advanced high-speed train technology in the world is in Japan, Germany and France.

In the early 1950s, Japan first put forward the idea of high-speed railway, and started the test work at the earliest.

On the eve of the Tokyo Olympic Games, the Tokaido Shinkansen connecting Tokyo and New Osaka was officially put into operation, and the maximum speed of the train was 2 10km/h, thus opening the era of telling about railways.

The research on high-speed trains in China began in the 1990s, with foreign introduction as the main factor and independent research and development as the supplement. China first introduced Japanese and German high-speed trains with the concept of "absorption, digestion and reproduction".

Learn and re-create through technical support from Japan and Germany. From the appearance of high-speed trains, it can be seen that the original Harmony in China is similar to Japanese and German high-speed trains, especially CRH3, which has many characteristics of German high-speed trains.

The history of trains:

The most important machine in human history, called steam locomotive in the early days, has an independent orbit. Railway trains can be divided into freight cars and passenger cars according to their load capacity, and there are also mixed passenger and freight cars, but they will produce a lot of carbon dioxide and pollute the environment.

Trains are a typical example of human transportation using fossil energy. 1804, the world's first steam locomotive was built by British mining technician Drivesk using Watt's steam engine, with a speed of 5 to 6 kilometers per hour. Because coal or firewood was used as fuel at that time, people called it "train" and it has been used ever since. 1840 On February 22nd, the world's first real train running on the track was designed by Kangwa engineer Charlie Levisik.

1879, Siemens electric company of Germany developed the first electric locomotive.

With the popularity of trains, the way people ride horses (or take other livestock as the main power) has changed. The early train carriages in China were green, so they were called green leather trains.

In the early days, the traditional train consisted of one or three locomotives pulling several carriages or freight cars. In modern new trains, there have been many EMU trains with self-powered carriages. In Shanghai, there is already a maglev train line from Longyang Road subway station to Shanghai Pudong International Airport.