But after walking for a few days, I found that Zhanjiang is not only a leisure city, but also a place with a long history of humanities. The "Ten Sages" Temple in Leizhou West Lake, the stone dog in Leizhou, the lion dance in Suixian County, the Maritime Silk Road, the ancient port site of Xuwen in Han Dynasty, and the unique historical humanities and folk culture in Zhanjiang suddenly flooded into my mind. "The light of civilization has been shining for a long time, and remote places are beautiful in Zhong Ling." It is very appropriate to sum up my feelings about Zhanjiang with this sentence.
The "Ten Sages" of the West Lake are humanistic.
Historically, "Zhanjiang belonged to Xiang Jun in the Qin Dynasty. In the eighth year of Tang Zhenguan (AD 634), it was renamed Leizhou, which governed the three counties of Leizhou Peninsula. " At that time, the people living in Leizhou Peninsula were mainly Baiyue people, and the cultural ecology was still primitive vulgar culture, so it was called "the land of barbarians". This kind of place is inaccessible, and people in the Central Plains cultural circle are reluctant to come, but this remote place is often used by the court to exile disobedient officials. According to the book, during the Tang and Song Dynasties alone, no fewer than 20 celebrities relegated Zhanjiang or stayed in Zhanjiang. Kou Zhun, Li Gang, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Qin Guan, Tang Xianzu and other famous ministers and great writers followed.
In the West Lake, one of the famous scenic spots in Leizhou, we paid tribute to the well-preserved remains of sages. There is West Lake in Hangzhou, why is it also called West Lake here? I was surprised to hear comrades from the local cultural bureau say that Leizhou West Lake was originally named Luohu and was built in the Northern Song Dynasty. Since the brothers Su Shi, a great writer, got drunk here, Luohu was renamed West Lake.
When Su Shi was demoted, he stayed in Leizhou twice, once on the way to demotion and once on his way home. He was exiled to Hainan, and when he passed through Leizhou, he met his exiled brother Su Zhe. In order to eliminate the pain of exile, they often go to Luohu. After being pardoned, he stayed in Leizhou and often recited poems in Luohu. In a short time, he left many well-known poems and precious pen and ink here, and in contact with fellow villagers, Su Gong inadvertently became the disseminator of advanced culture in the Central Plains and played an important role in the development of local civilization. Later, in order to commemorate Su Gong, Leizhou people named Iluo Lake "West Lake" and built a Su Gong pavilion for Su Shi in West Lake Park during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. There is a stone statue of Su Shi in front of the pavilion, looking up at the north, showing the patriotic feelings of being in a remote place and still yearning for the Central Plains.
There is a Song Garden on the north side of the West Lake, which contains the Ten Immortals Temple. Leizhou was built in memory of Kou Zhun, the prime minister, Su Shi, assistant minister Su Zhe, Zhengzi Qin Guan, Shu, Zhengran, Li Ganghe, the prime minister, and Li Guang, who participated in and edited the political affairs. These "ten sages" are the representatives of "sages". They are noble, upright, knowledgeable and have outstanding achievements, and they are not flattering people who stoop for the sake of fighting for rice. Listing them as "Ten Sages" reflects the wishes of Leizhou people. Entering the temple, the large stone carving "Leizhou Ten Immortals Hall" on the right first comes into view. This is the former site dedicated to the "Ten Sages" of the Song Dynasty. It was built in the 10th year of Song Xianchun (1274). In the shrine, there is also a smaller stone tablet of the Ten Immortals Hall, which is a precious cultural relic that has survived many wars and disasters. The inscription was written by Wen Tianxiang, a famous figure in the Southern Song Dynasty, with tears in his eyes. It is said that the manuscript was collected by the descendants of Qin Guan, one of the "Ten Sages". It was not until more than 500 years later, in the ninth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (18O4), Yao Wentian, the champion of Guangdong Province, began to carve stones. People praised this inscription as a companion piece of Song Zhengqi.
There is also the Kougong Temple in Song Garden. According to records, a famous soldier Kou Zhun died in Leizhou and spent the last 18 months in Leizhou. Kou Zhun was a famous politician in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was once the prime minister of northern Song Zhenzong. From the first year of Ganxing in Song Dynasty (1022), Leizhou was demoted as a small general manager. In less than two years, he died in the first year of Tiansheng. Leizhou became the final destination of his life. Although Kou Zhun's position in Leizhou is not high, he is diligent and loves the people, and actively spreads the culture of the Central Plains. Later, his body was transported back to Xijing for burial, and the people of Leizhou deeply felt his loyalty. In memory of him, they set up a shrine in the apartment "Xiting" where he lived. In the 5th year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (1 135), Song Gaozong gave a plaque "Family Loyalty Temple", which still exists today. Several pictures in "Kougong Temple" also recorded his achievements in Leizhou: building Zhenwu Hall, teaching communication art, so that the descendants of villagers can also study; Teach astronomy and geography and get rid of fallacies and heresies; Teach advanced production technology to promote economic development; Spreading the culture of the Central Plains and teaching the voice of Zhongzhou to the local people promoted the communication between the local people and the Central Plains.
It can be said that the exile history of ancient officials is actually a history of the evolution of advanced Central Plains civilization spread throughout China. The tragedy of the personal fate of the sages has become the gospel of Zhanjiang people. Their efforts have made this vast land a fertile ground for Zhong Ling. Although the "Ten Sages" have long since passed away, and the historic sites in the West Lake Park have experienced thousands of vicissitudes, the cultural heritage of the sages has been nourishing future generations and has become an important part of the most quintessential culture of Leizhou Peninsula today. Today, Leizhou is one of the first historical and cultural cities in China and the only historical and cultural city in western Guangzhou.
Leizhou's "stone dog" ranks first in the world.
Zhanjiang not only has such a profound history and culture, but also various local folk cultures have a long history and are profound. Leizhou stone dog is called "the best in the world". In Leizhou, wherever you go, whether it's a museum, a village entrance, an ancient road, a lane entrance, a doorway, a Shuikou or an ancient tomb shrine, you can see statues of stone dogs sitting or squatting. It can be said that as long as there are buildings and doors, there are stone dog statues. We know that although loyal dogs are often used to guard their homes, stone lions are the most common patron saint, but it is rare to replace them with stone dogs. But in Leizhou, few stone dogs are stationed at the door.
It is said that the origin of Leizhou stone dogs can be traced back to the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. Li, Liao, Yao, Tong and other ethnic minorities from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were the early ancestors living in Leizhou. Due to the backwardness of civilization and productivity, Leizhou ancestors need to rely on a certain species as a totem to pray for shelter. At that time, Yao people believed in dogs as their ancestors, and stone dogs became totem symbols, which were passed down to the assimilation of Yao and Han.
In Leizhou Stone Dog Exhibition Hall, we saw more than 200 stone dogs of different ages collected from the people, with different shapes and styles. Due to long-term wind and rain erosion, they are either gray or indigo, but they are still lifelike. According to the curator, the earliest stone dog found at present belongs to the pre-Qin period. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, stone dogs in various dynasties have been unearthed.
It is said that there are 15000 to 25000 ancient stone dogs in Leizhou, which are called "Leizhou Terracotta Warriors". There are not only a large number of stone dogs in Leizhou, but also a wide variety, including regional type, era type and era regional type; There are primitive classes, abstract classes, concrete classes and personalized classes; There are both literary and military images. Stone dogs in different times have their own characteristics and distinct levels, from simple to rough, from simple to elegant. The evolution and development of their shapes reflect the social civilization of Leizhou in an era and people's worship of Telford. For example, the stone dogs in Qin Dynasty were rough and square, which reflected people's recognition of the theory of heaven and earth at that time. Stone dogs in the Han Dynasty are simple and abstract, showing people's awe of nature.
Leizhou stone dog is a treasure of ancient sculpture art. The Leizhou Municipal Party Committee, the municipal government and cultural departments at all levels attach great importance to this heavy folk cultural heritage, actively do all kinds of protection work, not only widely collect stone dogs left by the people, but also organize experts to study and sort out relevant documents, so that the stone dog culture can shine in Leizhou. In 2004, Leizhou Stone Dog was included in the first batch of 18 pilot projects of China National Folk Protection Project. At present, a large stone dog garden exhibition hall is under construction. By then, tourists from all over the world can enjoy the complete Leizhou stone dog culture when they come to Zhanjiang.
Suixi's Wake Up the Lion shocked the world.
After seeing the Stone Dog in Leizhou, we drove to xuwen county, Zhanjiang City, the southernmost tip of Chinese mainland, to see the ruins of Xuwen Ancient Port, one of the original ports of the Maritime Silk Road. Passing through Suixi County, I was lucky enough to watch the famous "Suixi Lion Dance" performance.
Speaking of the folk lion dance performance in Suixi County, it has a long history. As early as the Ming and Qing dynasties, the custom was formed, and then it was widely circulated among the people, and it continued to innovate and prosper. In addition, in recent years, the government has vigorously developed folk lion dance culture, and lion dance art has become a unique local folk art brand. From June, 5438 to February, 2003, Suixi was named "the hometown of lion dance in China" by China Folk Writers and Artists Association.
According to reports, at present, the number of local folk lion dance groups has grown to 255, and the number of people participating in the performance has exceeded 6.5438+0.0000. Its Chinese car, Xu Wu, Longwan and other lion dance groups have the highest level. What we are watching is the high-stakes lion dance performance of the Wenche Lion Dance Company.
Wen Che Xing Shi belongs to the Southern Lion, and its modeling armor is full and colorful. During the performance, the emotional changes such as joy, anger, doubt, surprise, sleep and wake up were highlighted. In the sound of gongs and drums, under the scorching sun, I saw a lazy lion. First, it dozed off on the ground, and then made various gestures with the drums. Soon the lion woke up and began to peep out of the hole. Suddenly, the drums hurried up. Facing the plum blossom pile with a height of 10 meters, the "lion awakening" jumped up, and it was really thrilling to explore, climb, fly, pick up and return the pile. On the high pile, the lion made various movements and expressions of joy, anger, sadness and joy with the light, heavy, slow and urgent drums, and made the expression of waking the lion lively. Lion dance can reach such a state, and so can Huang Feihong!
What I saw was dazzling and frightening. This high-risk performance can be described as "new, high, difficult and dangerous" in terms of art, routine and difficulty. Huang Zeng, a professor at Sun Yat-sen University, commented on the art of lion dance in Suixi: "The soul of the nation is in lion dance, and the hometown of lion dance is in Suixi". Although it is a bit controversial, "Suixi Lion Dance" is a must! At the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games, there should be a performance of "Suixi Lion Dance", which will surprise the whole world.
Xuwen, the source of maritime silk
Immersed in the thriller of "Wake Up the Lion in Suixi" all the way, watching the performance scenes I shot until Xu Wen. Xuwen's Diandeng Loujiao is the southernmost tip of Chinese mainland. There is also the famous Xuwen ancient port, the starting port of the Maritime Silk Road in the Han Dynasty. So curiosity shifted again.
However, what I feel most in Xuwen is the drought here. When I arrived in Xuwen, I felt that Xuwen had suffered a drought that never happened in a hundred years. It hasn't rained for 245 days, and the ground has already cracked and may fall into an elephant. There is a local proverb: "Xuwen has nine droughts in ten years." Water is the scarcest resource here, and even the guest house of our county government can't supply water. In such a hot summer, all the way is dusty. I wanted to take a bath after I settled down, but there was no drop of water. I can imagine that feeling. Finally, everyone ran to the hotel outside and took turns to take a shower, which became an unforgettable episode in Zhanjiang.
At that time, we didn't know it was dry here, so it was inevitable to complain a little. The next day, after learning the situation, we suddenly breathed a sigh of relief and couldn't help worrying about Xuwen's drought. After coming back, I read the report that Xu Wen was finally soaked in rain and the drought eased, and I was secretly happy.
We visited the ruins of Xuwen, an ancient port, which is one of the birthplaces of the Maritime Silk Road. According to Hanshu Geography, China's export vessels "were blocked from Japan in the south, and Xuwen Hepu set sail", which is the earliest record of the Maritime Silk Road. According to textual research, the "Xu Wen" in historical materials is Xu Wen today. A large number of Han Dynasty sites have been excavated in Xuwen Gugang Ruins Area, including Han bricks, Han tiles, Long live tiles and private seals of Han Dynasty. Experts agree that Xuwen is one of the earliest ports of departure of the Maritime Silk Road in Han Dynasty through archaeology, site cultural relics investigation and multi-disciplinary argumentation. It is said that there are still China bricks that can be excavated everywhere. Because it doesn't have much archaeological value, the local government is going to develop it into a tourism project, and foreign tourists can dig Han bricks themselves and take them away. It's really exciting.
Due to time, it's a pity that I didn't set foot on the southernmost tip of Chinese mainland, nor did I see the largest and most well-protected coral reef on the continental shelf of China. Perhaps, this is the beautiful Zhanjiang, and we should leave some blank space to arouse our lifelong concern. If you have the opportunity, you must go to Xuwen again and feel the history and culture at the southernmost tip of this continent.