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There are many kinds of operas in China, big and small, local, central, active in the countryside, popular all over the country, and more than 100 in detail. These operas have different styles, but they have one thing in common, that is, all singers have costumes. Even a grassroots team must have one or two costumes no matter how bad it is. As for the increase of fame, there are naturally more and more clothes.
A small stage, with mountains, rivers and seas everywhere, talented people and beautiful women, emperors and princes will show their magical powers and show their grievances at close range. Speaking of it, a few people put on a suit and created such magical power. Clothing is a great achievement.
It's interesting to say that no matter what your original identity is (not to mention that all actors are actors, old opera fans and princes have also had it), you can follow the role of costume. It doesn't matter if you have to go against a specific role in your costume. As we all know, you must be a clown.
There are also monkey tricks, and they will even get several sets of clothes. Needless to say, once you put on these clothes, people will really think that they are a little taller than those monkey brothers in Ding Bai. Or wear a scribe's hat and shake a folding fan; Or sit there with roses and carmine. It's a pity that at first, the Po Hou sample that danced while walking came out.
Ancient costumes are ancient costumes after all, which can only temporarily cover up their true colors.
The role of clothing
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Traditional Chinese opera is mainly an art of freehand brushwork, but it should be realistic to some extent, because traditional Chinese opera uses multiple characters to express the plot of a complex story, and most of these plots are orderly, not just in a fixed place. Therefore, we can't just explain the differences of characters, plots and backgrounds on the stage, but we need something familiar and recognized by the audience, such as scenery, costumes and makeup, to show the development process of the drama story as perfectly as possible. Otherwise, the audience will have a strong association to distinguish different roles, different places and different environments. Therefore, it is necessary to have certain stylized costumes, techniques and realistic and freehand scenery. China's traditional drama on the stage is an artistic creation. After the scenery, lighting and costumes are matched, it becomes a picture with harmonious composition and harmonious colors. Coupled with musical instruments, singing, vocals and dancing, it constitutes a vocal, colorful, dynamic, aesthetic and artistic opera.
It can be seen that traditional Chinese opera costumes play an important role in stage art. The role of traditional Chinese opera costumes is various, mainly including the following points:
First, it can attract the attention of the audience, so that they can concentrate on the performing arts of the actors, rather than being attracted by the scenery or other things. Actors are performers of traditional Chinese opera, the focus of traditional Chinese opera and the object that should be paid attention to.
Second, remind the audience that this is a play, not real life. Artists on the stage are entertaining the audience and performing stories, but they use exaggerated expressions and costumes to distinguish between reality and fiction.
Third, clothing can shape the identity of the role. Different roles should have obvious identity symbols in their costumes, such as rank, age, gender, seniority and so on. It can be distinguished by costumes, so that the audience under the stage can recognize and know the identity of the role without explanation after getting used to these stylized costumes.
Fourth, it can shape the situation of the characters at that time. The same general wears different clothes in court and in war, especially during victory and after defeat. When the audience saw the soldier in a big suit and tie coming out again, his helmet fell off, his hair was messy and his clothes were not enough, they knew that he had been defeated.
Five, can highlight the main role, for example, in a group of people, who is the most important person on the field, the audience can see at a glance from the dress. For example, when the two armies meet, the uniforms of the two sides must be different in color so as not to confuse the audience. In addition to distinguishing roles, people of different nationalities can also be distinguished, such as the Panbanghu people, who often tie a white fox tail next to their hats and helmets to show their identity.
Sixth, you can combine makeup to suggest the character of the role, such as playing a clown of a corrupt official, using a black hat with round wings and a short robe. Make-up clothes can hint at the characteristics of the role.
Seven, can prompt the time and environment of the plot, such as season, weather, sunny and rainy, cold and warm, day and night. Because the performance of these environments can not only pay attention to the stage effect, but also need the cooperation of artists' acting skills, props and costumes.
Eight, clothing can play a role in setting off, beautifying the stage and balancing colors. There are two main types of art on the stage: one is static, that is, scenery, decoration, props and so on; The second kind is dynamic, that is, people who can move, including the makeup on their faces and the clothes they wear. Because different colors or images will have different effects, they may also have different reactions to the audience.
Nine, drama is a stage art that combines singing, doing, reading and acting. Dance, the so-called "making hands" is a very important part, including dance elements such as figure, kung fu and footwork. These dance forms of gestures, in addition to the activities of the actors themselves, also use some characteristics of clothing to perform and beautify the body. Such as sleeves and pheasant tails.
Ten, actors can use the characteristics of clothing to highlight and express their physical beauty. Relatively speaking, it can also be used to cover up physical imperfections. For example, when an actor who was not tall originally put on high boots and tied up *, he was felt tall and powerful by the audience.
From the above points, we can see that the role of traditional Chinese opera costumes is so diverse, which is very different from the role of dressing up in daily real life, so it is an indispensable part of the stage performance art of traditional Chinese opera.
Clothing series
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Collection is inseparable from professional knowledge, and so is clothing collection. Zhang Guoyin spoke clearly about his clothes. He said that there are five main categories of Beijing opera costumes, namely, python, squatting, leaning, pleating and clothes. Among them, "python" is a common costume of emperors and generals with high school status, and is usually called "official costume", including dragon python, female python, old python and improved python. Bi is a common dress worn by officials at all levels and their families at home, including Huang Bi, Bi Sheng and Shan Pen. "Depend" is the general military uniform of military commanders, which is divided into hard clothes, soft clothes, women's clothes, overlord clothes and improved clothes. "Pleat" is a kind of gown with oblique collar, which mainly includes small flower pleats, plain pleats, female flower pleats and Lao Dan pleats. "Clothes" is the general name of all clothes except the first four categories, which can be generally summarized into four parts: long clothes, short clothes, special clothes and accessories. Common clothes are mourning clothes, palace clothes, hugging clothes, monk clothes, vest, cloak, raw clothes and arrow clothes. Raw clothes are just raw clothes and armed. Arrow clothing includes dragon arrow, ball arrow and ordinary arrow. In general, these costumes are packed in two suitcases, one is literary costume, and the other is martial arts costume. In feudal society, suitcases are very noble, and no makeup actor can sit on them, because suitcases are filled with royal costumes. If you sit on it, you will be punished by kneeling and beating.
The most difficult thing in clothing collection is mildew and moth prevention. Generally, the troupe should be exposed to the sun after the performance, sprayed with white wine before sealing, and then packaged with mothballs. Because most of these clothes have exquisite embroidery patterns, in order to make the clothes stiff, they will be scratched on the back, so they can't be washed, and it will be wasted after washing a whole set of clothes. His clothing line is brand new, but it still needs to be dried every year. So many clothes have to be moved out to dry and then collected with mothballs. It is very hard. It costs 50 to 60 yuan to buy mothballs once. Well-served clothes are generally expensive. For example, a hand-embroidered python costs 3,000 to 4,000 yuan, and one costs more than 5,000 yuan. Even a computer embroidered python still costs more than 1000 yuan. So it is usually not easy to get a loan. However, some fans perform, and Zhang Guoyin is still willing to lend it for free. Therefore, while adding color to the stage, it is more difficult for him to collect and preserve. However, Zhang Guoyin is very proud that his collection can contribute to the promotion of the traditional drama art of the motherland. He said that not only China people want to collect drama costumes, but also some foreigners who are interested in China's dramas have begun to set foot in this field, and they will also order or collect China's traditional dramas in zhushikou.