1405-1433 Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Ocean. In order to strengthen ties with overseas countries, Judy sent Zheng He to the Western Seas. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Ocean, visited more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa, and reached the Red Sea coast and the east coast of Africa as far as possible.
/kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, Qi Jiguang resisted Japan and sent Qi Jiguang to eastern Zhejiang to fight against Japanese invaders. He led the Qijiajun, won nine wars and nine victories in Taizhou, and won a great victory in the anti-Japanese struggle.
Subsequently, he led his troops to Fujian and Guangdong, and he and another famous anti-Japanese warrior successively dealt heavy blows to the enemy. By 1565, the enemy along the southeast coast was basically eliminated.
1553 Portugal seized the right of abode in Macao16th century. After the opening of the new sea route, the Portuguese occupied Malacca in 15 1 1, and they were more eager for contacts with China. 15 13, the Portuguese king sent a mission to China and landed in Guangzhou, hoping to establish diplomatic relations with the Ming dynasty.
Later, after several naval battles, Portugal was defeated. Ming Wuzong agreed that the Portuguese should set up foreign firms and build houses in Macao, and allowed them to come to Guangzhou for the winter every year. This is the first time that western countries have officially landed in China and contacted China.
16 16 After the establishment of Nurhachi, Nurhachi first unified the ministries of the country from 1582 to 1588. Later, it merged the Haixi part of Songhua River basin and the East China Sea part of northeast Changbai Mountain.
In the process of unification, the Eight Banners system was established, and people were ordered to create Manchu with Mongolian initials. 1665438+February, 2006 17 (40 1 year ago) (the first day of the first month of the forty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Nurhachi called the emperor Jin Guohan, left Liaodong, and made its capital Hetuala, with the title of Jin in history.
1628 the peasant war broke out in the late Ming dynasty. The peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty is also called the peasant war in the late Ming Dynasty, the uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, the uprising in Li Zicheng and the uprising in Zhang. It broke out in the apocalypse and Chongzhen years in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Extended data:
In the Ming Dynasty, literature and novels achieved the highest artistic achievement, and a large number of novels, short stories and parodies were created with the themes of history, ghosts, legal cases, romance and citizens' daily life.
Some scholars have rewritten the scripts of Song and Yuan Dynasties, and also created fake books. Sanyan and Erpai are representative works of this kind of script and parody.
Drama and zaju once declined at the end of Yuan Dynasty. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, with the prosperity of urban economy, the popular operas have made new progress and produced many progressive works.
Peony Pavilion is the most famous drama in Ming Dynasty. Calligraphy The Ming court highly praised calligraphy, mainly running script and cursive script.
In the early Ming Dynasty, calligraphy was mired in the quagmire of the cabinet, and the Shen brothers helped push the stable lower case to the extreme. "Every gold edition jade book is used by the imperial court, hidden in the secret room and presented to the country." Er Shen's calligraphy was promoted to the imperial examination rules, so the trend of Tiger prevailed.
In the middle of Ming Dynasty, four schools of Wuzhong emerged, and calligraphy began to develop in the direction of business. Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming, Wang Chong and Tang Yin are the representatives of this period, and calligraphy began to enter a new realm of advocating individuality.
There was a critical trend of thought in calligraphy in the late Ming Dynasty. Huang Daozhou, Wang Duo and Ni were famous for their pursuit of large-scale calligraphy and shocking visual effects. There are a large number of poems in Ming dynasty, not only many writers, but also different schools.
During the period from Yongle to Orthodox, the "Taige Style" poetry school headed by Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu, great cabinet scholars, appeared in the literary world. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, the "first seven sons" led by Li Mengyang and He Jingming rose first, followed by the "last seven sons" led by Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen in Jiajing and Wanli.
Under the call of restoring ancient ways, they advocated that "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty". At present, when the post-Seven School's retro movement rose, the "Tang and Song School" and "Public Security School" appeared in the literary world one after another.
Painting In the early Ming Dynasty, palace painting was the mainstream of home painting. /kloc-In the middle of the 5th century, the "Four Great Masters of Wumen" rose in China, Wen Zhiming, Tang Yin and Chou Ying south of the Yangtze River.
They widely absorbed the strengths of Tang, Five Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties, and formed their own unique painting art, which was also called "Ming Sijia" by later generations. During Jiajing period, Xu Wei, an outstanding painter, created splash-ink flowers in a unique way.
During the Wanli period, Wumen painters pioneered realistic landscape painting and made innovations on the basis of inheriting Wu Pai's style and characteristics. The picture is fresh and elegant, and the artistic conception is ethereal and spacious. In the late Ming Dynasty, there were figure painters, Ding, Chen Hongshou, Cui Zizhong, Zeng Whale, and flower and bird painter Chen Chun.