2. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period are divided into Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. The Spring and Autumn Period, referred to as the Spring and Autumn Period for short, refers to the period from 770 BC to 476 BC, belonging to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Wang's influence weakened, and the princes fought with each other. Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Song Xianggong, Qin Mugong, and Chu Zhuangwang have successively dominated, and they are known as the Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period (another way of saying it is that the Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period are Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuangwang, Wu Wang He Lu and Yue Wang Gou Jian). The warring States period, referred to as the warring States period, refers to the period from 475 BC to 22 BC1year. It was the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in the history of China (before the Qin Dynasty unified the Central Plains), and countries fought endlessly, so it was called "Warring States Period" by later generations. The name of "Warring States" is taken from the Warring States Policy edited and annotated by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty.
3. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou lost his power and authority and could no longer effectively control the vassal states. In order to occupy a dominant position in political life, some powerful vassal States fiercely compete for hegemony and fight with each other. The five princes were called "the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period". The five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period are the historical products of the specific stage of the Spring and Autumn Period. At this time, the war for hegemony made preliminary preparations for the war of merger and unification during the Warring States period. The five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period refer to Qi Huangong, Song Xianggong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang.
Question 2: What do you mean by the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period? Chunqiu is the name of a historical book, and Chunqiu is a historical book of Lu, which records the history from Lu Yinnian (722 BC) to fourteen years (48 BC1year), and is also the earliest chronicled historical book in China. In ancient China, spring and autumn were the seasons when princes hired royalty. In addition, Spring and Autumn also represented the four seasons in ancient times. History books record all the major events that occur throughout the year, so "Spring and Autumn Period" is a general term for history books. The official name of Lu's history book is Chunqiu. Traditionally, Chunqiu is regarded as the work of Confucius, while some people think it is the collective work of Lu historians. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chunqiu was named after this historical book Chunqiu. However, the years of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period do not completely coincide with the historical book Spring and Autumn Period. Both the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are a period of the Zhou Dynasty, which was artificially divided by later historians and scholars, not the name of a dynasty. The staging method we are using now was put forward by Sima Qian, a historian of Han Dynasty. He set the beginning and ending years of the Spring and Autumn Period as the year before the first year of Zhou Pingwang (770 BC) and the first year of Zhou Yuanwang (476 BC). Sima Qian's staging method was unscientific, rough and subjective to some later scholars, but it was simple, clear, convenient and quick, so it was later adopted by most scholars. Although the word Warring States appeared as early as that period, it did not serve as the name of that period. Liu Xiang, a great scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, arranged it as the name of this period. He revised the Warring States policy, so he named this period the Warring States Period. Other different staging methods are: 453 BC (when the three tribes were divided into Jin) and 403 BC (when the three tribes became kings). In 453 BC, Han, Zhao and Wei wiped out the Zhi family, carved up the State of Jin, and formed the situation of seven heroes in the Warring States, so this year was regarded as the first year of the Warring States. However, when Sima Guang compiled Zi Tong Zhi Jian in the Northern Song Dynasty, he thought that it should be 403 BC, that is, in the twenty-third year of King Wei Lie of Zhou, who made Han, Zhao and Wei princes.
Question 3: Why is the Spring and Autumn Warring States called Spring and Autumn Warring States? What's so special about spring and autumn? "Spring and Autumn Hegemony, Warring States Hegemony"
The change of the five tyrants is as easy as the spring and autumn.
The seven chivalrous men need war when they change hands.
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are the image names of later generations for that chaotic period.
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Others say that it originated from the Spring and Autumn Annals and the Warring States Policy.
But I personally don't think so. ...
First, the determination of time, and then the naming of works such as Spring and Autumn Annals and Warring States Policy.
Even Confucius himself heard about Chunqiu before he named it Chunqiu (I guess).
Question 4: What is the specific difference between the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period? The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period belong to the era when the Zhou Dynasty evolved into the merger of other countries due to improper decentralization of military and political power, that is, the Zhou Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyi to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The specific difference is that the Spring and Autumn Period is more chaotic than the Warring States Period, with different sizes: Yan, Rong, Qi, Qin, Shu, Ba, Chu, Wu, Yue, Jin, Wei, Lu, Zheng, Chen, Cai, Song and so on. They still call themselves lieutenants, but the seven heroes who entered the Warring States period, namely Qi, Chu, Yan, Wei, Zhao, Han and Qin, completely wiped out other vassal states, further rectified the chaotic situation, and even forced the Zhou Emperor to give them titles and make them equal. Finally, Qiang Qin wiped out the other six countries and the Zhou Dynasty, officially ending the whole Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, if it is said separately, it should be that there is no spring and autumn in the Warring States period.
Question 5: What happened during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period? The so-called Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period began in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. These three dynasties were the main bodies of China's slave age, and they adopted the "enfeoffment system" in safeguarding state power, that is, the members of the royal family and important ministers were enfeoffed to local areas to establish a small kingdom, and the ministers were returned to the central government. After that, the influence of local governors became stronger and stronger. During the transition from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the central kingship gradually declined and eventually became a puppet, forming a situation in which the vassal States fought for hegemony and separatist wars.
However, there is no exact time limit for the demarcation between the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which is mainly marked by some historical events, among which the representative event is "Shang Yang Reform", which represents the transformation from slave society to feudal society since Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, that is to say, the essence of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is the transitional period of two social systems.
As for why this period is called the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it probably comes from the book Spring and Autumn Period, which was handed down by Confucius.
Finally, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period ended with Qin reunifying the six countries.
Question 6: What is the dividing line between Spring and Autumn and Warring States?
Spring and Autumn Period (770- 475 BC) and Warring States Period (475-2265438 BC+0 BC). Generally speaking, the dividing line between the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is that the three families entered Jin and the field generations entered Qi. Regarding the dating of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there have been different opinions in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period: or take the 14th year of Lu Aigong (48 1 year ago) as the lower limit of the Spring and Autumn Period; Or take the first year (475 BC) as the beginning of the Warring States Period, or take the first year of King Zhou Calm (468 BC) as the beginning of the Warring States Period.
Question 7: What do you mean by the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period? 1. China's specific historical period. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 BC-22 BC1year) is also called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Emperor of Zhou maintained the authority of co-owner in the world. After Pingdong moved eastward, the Zhou family began to decline in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, only retaining the name of the world's co-owner, with no actual control ability. Due to the different social and economic conditions, countries in the Central Plains compete for hegemony among big countries, and the merger and hegemony of various countries have contributed to the unification of various regions. Therefore, the social unrest in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty prepared conditions for national reunification.
2. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are divided into the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Spring and Autumn Period, referred to as the Spring and Autumn Period for short, refers to the period from 770 BC to 476 BC, belonging to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Wang's influence weakened, and the princes fought with each other. Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Song Xianggong, Qin Mugong, and Chu Zhuangwang have successively dominated, and they are known as the Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period (another way of saying it is that the Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period are Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuangwang, Wu Wang He Lu and Yue Wang Gou Jian). The warring States period, referred to as the warring States period, refers to the period from 475 BC to 22 BC1year. It was the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in the history of China (before the Qin Dynasty unified the Central Plains), and countries fought endlessly, so it was called "Warring States Period" by later generations. The name of "Warring States" is taken from the Warring States Policy edited and annotated by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty.
3. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou lost his power and authority and could no longer effectively control the vassal states. In order to occupy a dominant position in political life, some powerful vassal States fiercely compete for hegemony and fight with each other. The five princes were called "the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period". The five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period are the historical products of the specific stage of the Spring and Autumn Period. At this time, the war for hegemony made preliminary preparations for the war of merger and unification during the Warring States period. The five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period refer to Qi Huangong, Song Xianggong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang.
Question 8: What do you mean by the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period? Chunqiu is the name of a historical book, and Chunqiu is a historical book of Lu, which records the history from Lu Yinnian (722 BC) to fourteen years (48 BC1year), and is also the earliest chronicled historical book in China. In ancient China, spring and autumn were the seasons when princes hired royalty. In addition, Spring and Autumn also represented the four seasons in ancient times. History books record all the major events that occur throughout the year, so "Spring and Autumn Period" is a general term for history books. The official name of Lu's history book is Chunqiu. Traditionally, Chunqiu is regarded as the work of Confucius, while some people think it is the collective work of Lu historians. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chunqiu was named after this historical book Chunqiu. However, the years of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period do not completely coincide with the historical book Spring and Autumn Period. Both the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are a period of the Zhou Dynasty, which was artificially divided by later historians and scholars, not the name of a dynasty. The staging method we are using now was put forward by Sima Qian, a historian of Han Dynasty. He set the beginning and ending years of the Spring and Autumn Period as the year before the first year of Zhou Pingwang (770 BC) and the first year of Zhou Yuanwang (476 BC). Sima Qian's staging method was unscientific, rough and subjective to some later scholars, but it was simple, clear, convenient and quick, so it was later adopted by most scholars. Although the word Warring States appeared as early as that period, it did not serve as the name of that period. Liu Xiang, a great scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, arranged it as the name of this period. He revised the Warring States policy, so he named this period the Warring States Period. Other different staging methods are: 453 BC (when the three tribes were divided into Jin) and 403 BC (when the three tribes became kings). In 453 BC, Han, Zhao and Wei wiped out the Zhi family, carved up the State of Jin, and formed the situation of seven heroes in the Warring States, so this year was regarded as the first year of the Warring States. However, when Sima Guang compiled Zi Tong Zhi Jian in the Northern Song Dynasty, he thought that it should be 403 BC, that is, in the twenty-third year of King Wei Lie of Zhou, who made Han, Zhao and Wei princes.
Question 9: Why is the Spring and Autumn Warring States called Spring and Autumn Warring States? What's so special about spring and autumn? "Spring and Autumn Hegemony, Warring States Hegemony"
The change of the five tyrants is as easy as the spring and autumn.
The seven chivalrous men need war when they change hands.
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are the image names of later generations for that chaotic period.
........................................................................................................................................................................................
...
.
..
Others say that it originated from the Spring and Autumn Annals and the Warring States Policy.
But I personally don't think so. ...
First, the determination of time, and then the naming of works such as Spring and Autumn Annals and Warring States Policy.
Even Confucius himself heard about Chunqiu before he named it Chunqiu (I guess).
Question 10: What were the seven vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period? Many wars in the Spring and Autumn Period greatly reduced the number of vassal states. In the Warring States period, the seven most powerful vassal states were Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin, which were called "Seven Heroes of the Warring States".
In the early Warring States period, Korea, Zhao and Wei formed an alliance and defeated Qi, Qin and Chu to become a powerful country. Later, this alliance broke down and Chyi Chin flourished.
In the middle of the Warring States Period, Wei Jun attacked Zhao, and Zhao asked Qi to help him retreat. The interior of Wei was empty, and Sun Bin, a military strategist, led the Qi army into the capital of Wei. Wei's army has breached the capital of Zhao. When he heard that his country was in a critical situation, he quickly retreated from Zhao to save Wei. Just halfway there, I was ambushed by the Qi army, which blocked Wei Jun and won a great victory. This is a famous example in the history of China ―― encircling Wei to save Zhao.
Two years later, Wei attacked South Korea, and the Qi army besieged Wei under the command of Sun Bin to save South Korea. The Qi army pretended to retreat. After the first day of evacuation, the remaining stoves in the camp were enough for 65438+ 10,000 people to cook; The stove left the next day was only enough for 50 thousand people to cook; On the third day, the remaining stoves were reduced to only 30 thousand people to cook. Wei Jun speculated from the number of stoves that the Qi army fled in large numbers, so he chose a good soldier and pursued the Qi army until he reached Maling (now Henan Province), only to be completely defeated by the Qi army lying in ambush here. This is the famous Battle of Maling. After two battles, Qi replaced Wei to dominate the Central Plains.
In the late Warring States period, Qin became more and more powerful, and the other six countries could not resist Qin alone, so they wanted to unite to resist Qin together. In order to defeat the other six countries, Qin provoked relations among them and urged them to move closer to Qin. For their own interests, countries often can't join hands with Qi at critical moments, which gives Qin an opportunity. Qin conquered other countries, destroyed the Zhou royal family and unified China.
Qi is in the forest. Chu is ying. Yan belongs to thistle. Korea is ten thousand. Zhao is from Handan. Wei is the chief commander of Liang. The State of Qin is Xianyang.
Wan (now Nanyang, Henan Province), the capital of Chu, is one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period.
Wei (whose capital is in the northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province, and later moved to Kaifeng, Henan Province) is one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period.
* Zhao (whose capital is in the southeast of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, and later moved to Handan, Hebei Province) was one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period.
* Han Ducheng was in Yuxian County, Henan Province, and later moved to Xinzheng, Henan Province).
The hegemony of the seven countries refers to a period of history in which Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei coexisted and merged with each other during the Warring States Period.