In huayin city, Shaanxi Province, at the east of xi 120km. Huashan is a complete and huge granite body, and its historical evolution can be traced back to 2.7 billion years ago. The five peaks in the southeast and northwest of Huashan Mountain are five-petal lotus flowers in full bloom, which are steep and abnormal, hence the name Huashan Mountain. It has been a famous tourist attraction in China since ancient times, and has developed into a famous Taoist mountain since the Han and Wei Dynasties.
, full mountain Taoist temple. Today, many ancient buildings have disappeared, but on the broken ridges and steep cliffs, between peaks and valleys, there are many grottoes for Taoist sacrifice and practice, and it is said that there are 72 grottoes. Most of them were unearthed in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and a few can be traced back to the Tang and Song Dynasties. They are excellent materials for the study of Taoist grottoes in China, where famous tourists have been carved on huge cliffs and stones.
There are hundreds of inscriptions besides weathering and peeling. Many cliff characters have a strong sense of calligraphy and concise words, which shine against the mountains and rivers. Stone steps, roads, plank roads and ladders dug in the mountains in the past dynasties have changed with the precipitousness of the mountains, forming a harmonious picture of unique natural landscape and ingenious human landscape. It is an important material for studying China's traditional tourism culture. There are 570 cliff stone carvings and more than 300 stone tablets in Huashan Scenic Area. Since Qin Zhao ordered craftsmen to climb Huashan Mountain with hooks and ladders in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there have been more than 570 Huashan stone carvings.
255 times a year, the rubbings before the Song Dynasty are gone, but they are well preserved after the Ming Dynasty.
Huashan Cliff Stone Carvings, with a long history, a large scale, a large number, complex font evolution, high artistic value and elegant taste, can be called the treasure house of Chinese calligraphy art. Xiyue visited Huashan Mountain, watched the China Book Fair in five thousand, and introduced Huashan stone carvings.
Zhang Taiyan, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, verified that both China and Huaxia were named after Huashan Mountain. Huangdi, Yao, Shun, Han Wu, Wu Zetian, Tang and other emperors. He also went to Huashan for a large-scale ritual activity. Literati such as Li Bai and Du Fu recited Huashan's poems and travel notes for more than a thousand times. There are thousands of cliff stone carvings in the past dynasties. Stone Carvings on Cliff at Shimen, Baoxie Road, Hanzhong (Thirteen Stone Carvings at Shimen) The first batch of national key cultural relics protection units "Cliff Carvings at Baoxie Road" announced by the State Council. The oblique road is the longest and most convenient Shu road crossing the Qinling Mountains. Shimen is a tunnel dug during Yongping period in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is the earliest artificial mountain crossing traffic tunnel in the world. Scholars in the past dynasties carved 178 kinds of stone carvings in Shimen Tunnel and its north and south cliffs, among which the most famous one is the thirteen products of Shimen, which is known as the national treasure. Thirteen products of Shimen refer to thirteen kinds of cliff stone carvings published between the Shimen tunnel of Gubao ramp and its north and south cliffs.
The Eastern Han Dynasty turned to the army to open the Baodao Cliff, which was originally located between the cliffs about one mile south of Shimen Cave. The stone is mica schist, the surface of the slate is uneven, and there is a gully in the middle. The calligraphy style is that there is a seal script in the middle, which is quite old. This calligraphy style is unique in China and is known as a national treasure. The full name of "ode to Shimen" is "ode to Yang Junsong", which was built in the second year. It, together with Fugue and Xixia Fu, is called Han Fu, which is Jong Li's masterpiece and calligraphy treasure. It describes the history that Yang, a captain of the deceased, refuted public opinion and finally completed the oblique road, and also reflects the history of the intersection of four roads between Qinling Mountains in the Eastern Han Dynasty. These are not recorded in the history books. Therefore, it has extremely high historical document value. Ode to Shimen is an excellent official script, which represents the highest level of ancient official script. It is bold and simple, vigorous and elegant, and it is a masterpiece that calligraphers have been trying to copy for thousands of years. In Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zuyi commented that "in the past three hundred years, I don't know how many people have studied Han steles, but no one has studied Ode to Shimen, which is full of vigorous and unrestrained spirit. Timid people dare not learn, and cowardly people can't learn. " Since then, there have been stone carvings in the Han Dynasty, such as Yang Huai, Yang Bi Biao Ji and Li Ting Dao Ji. Their style inherited "Ode to Shimen", but it developed. It is said that The Jade Pot was written by Sean. It is located in Nanbao River in Shimen. It is shaped like a huge jade basin. "Floating jade basin" is one of the twenty-four scenic spots in Baogu in Qing Dynasty. Rolling Learning was written by Wang Cao. Cao Cao has been to Hanzhong twice in his life.
In the 20th year of Jian 'an (2 15), Cao Cao conquered Wudou Rice Road, but Zhang Lu won without fighting. The second time was in the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), when veteran Huang Zhong cut the summer. This stone carving was written when he came to Hanzhong for the second time. At that time, it was a book that praised the water splashing like rolling snow. The word is carved horizontally, with a height of 67㎝, a width of 148㎝ and a diameter of 35-46 ㎝. It is said that it was written by Cao Cao. The inscription "Wang Wei" with a diameter of 6.5㎝ is quite different from the word "Gao Xue". Although the cliff has gone through years, the handwriting is clear and the charm still exists. Shimen Ming is a cliff stone carving carved on the east wall of Shimen, Baohe, Yongping, Northern Wei Dynasty. This is a famous stone carving in the Northern Wei Dynasty. This paper describes the history of praising ramp diversion during the Northern Wei Dynasty. Its value mainly lies in its artistic value of calligraphy.
"Completion of He Shan Dam" This cliff was originally located between the cliffs on the west side of dozens of rivers south of Shimen, Baohe River. The height is 226㎝, the upper edge width is 565,438+00 ㎝, and the lower edge width is 506㎝. The two sides of the cliff protrude about 65,438+05 ㎝, the two ends of the cliff face inward, and the middle part. The text is arranged vertically from right to left in 16 lines, with 9 words in each line and a word diameter of about 6 inches. *** 135 words, the full text is as follows: five years, the dam was completed, and the county satrap, Changping ambassador Fan and garrison commander recruited workers in February. Weir six, a total of 935 feet, channel 410 feet. Wood is counted by work, 724,900 odd, and work is counted by people, 159,800 odd. First, in the summer of four years, the flood was exhausted. In autumn, the messenger was instructed to be a servant, thinking that the loss of the people was four times as much as that of each year, so the official paid a lot of money to help the people. Cha Ling, Jia Sizu, Zhang are directors. This paper describes the history of He Shan dam being destroyed by floods and restored by officials and people in the Southern Song Dynasty. It was written by Mao Yan, the first official in the Southern Song Dynasty, and it is the representative work of the officials in the Song Dynasty. Although there are only thirteen kinds of stone carvings on Cliff in Shimen, it reflects the evolution of Lishu from Guli-Han Li-Shu Wei-Song Li, which is irreplaceable by other stone carvings. Because of this, calligraphers of all ages cherish it and enjoy a high reputation abroad. Mr. Noguchi Yong, a famous Japanese calligrapher, said that "Shimen in Hanzhong is the teacher of Japan", among which "Dakai", "Ode to Shimen", "Yang Huai Biao Ji" and "Shimen Ming" are included in Japanese textbooks for primary and secondary school students. Fogou Cliff Stone Carving is located on the mountainside of Xiangshan Mountain, 8 kilometers southeast of Simen Village, Xiaoshidian Township, Fangcheng County, Nanyang City. This is the remaining vein of Tongbai Mountain, which is called Buddha ditch by local people and was dug in the Tang Dynasty. The statue is carved on two natural boulders on the mountain, with a distance of 0.2m. Nanshi is 2.6m high, 2.7m wide and1.5m thick. Beishi is 3. 1m high, 3.3m wide and 2.5m thick. A total of 32 statues are 138, including 66 with four walls of heather and 72 with three sides of Beishi. The largest Buddha statue is 1.4m high, and the smallest is only 0.2m high. The main contents include one Buddha and two disciples, or one Buddha and two bodhisattvas, Manjusri riding a green lion, Pu Xian riding a white elephant, 12 Luohan statue, 12 arm Guanyin and so on.
There are mainly Sakyamuni Buddha, Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, Manjusri Bodhisattva, Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, Ananda, Ye Jia, monks and so on. Vivid images, different postures, some quiet and dignified, amiable; Some King Kong are angry and bold. Exquisite carving and skilled technology. Its style is similar to Longmen Grottoes, and it has high archaeological research value. Xiangshan Temple was originally built. 1986 was announced as a provincial cultural relics protection unit. On the west side of the main peak of Zifangshan in Xuzhou, there is a new cliff stone carving landscape, which is hidden among pines and cypresses and covers an area of about 400 square meters. It was carved by stone sculptor Xie Zhonghua in the 20th year (199 1 year-2011year). Stone carvings contain more than 50 metrical poems by contemporary poets, written by dozens of calligraphers in the form of authentic works, cursive script, official script and seal script. The theme of his poems is to praise Sean, covering historical records and legends such as Sean Beating the King of Qin, Treading in Kaminooji, Embattled, and Sean Playing the Flute. Poetry strictly follows the rhythm of poetry, and adheres to the principle of "poetry follows the level and rhythm follows the Central Plains" in rhyme. The poem is tragic and sorrowful, which accurately restores history. Seven musts to like Mr. Xu Shuxin: "I uploaded a book, Huang Shigong, and made great achievements in the battlefield." Outside the blue sky, caves and flutes broke the corner bow of the overlord. "Just like Mr. Xu Xiangzhong's couplet:" If Xiang Yu plays thousands of drums, he is not as good as Zhang Liangxiao. " They all gave an accurate and objective description and praise to Sean, one of the three outstanding figures in the Han Dynasty.
The appearance of cliff stone carvings in Zifangshan shows Xuzhou people the style of inheriting and maintaining Chinese culture, adding new cultural connotations to the prestigious Zifangshan. Laoshan Mountain is famous not only for its beautiful natural scenery, but also for its cliff carvings. Sun Tan recorded two stone carvings, not far apart. There is a Buddha-light Lotus Bodhisattva statue on the East Stone, with the word "Mountain House for Sun Tan to collect fairy medicine", which is a relic of the Tang Dynasty monk Sun Tan coming to Laoshan to collect fairy medicine for Xuanzong. In the east of Xi Shi, there is a handwriting that has been illegible due to years of weathering. According to the records of the Qing Dynasty, this cliff has 69 characters, but it can recognize 37 characters when it is fashionable. The article wrote: "On the sixth day of March in the second year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Tan swam to Yuanshanhai to see the fairy medicine, because it made Fang Shan County live." This stone carving is the oldest stone carving in Laoshan Mountain, and it is also an important historical material for studying the history of Laoshan Mountain. Stone carving is related to Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. The bold and beautiful emperor sent people to Laoshan to collect herbs for his longevity, but he was killed when he met four beautiful women, Yang Guifei. "The emperor gave up his early hearing." As can be seen from the stone inscriptions, alchemists in the Tang Dynasty used to collect herbs in the Guan area and built a mountain house for collecting herbs. I'm afraid the establishment of the famous Taoist temple is related to this.
Hualou Scenic Area has the largest number of ancient poetry inscriptions. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Laoshan Hualou Scenic Area has become a must-see for senior officials and scholars who come to visit Laoshan. Now Hualou Scenic Area is still the place with the largest number of ancient poetry inscriptions, with more than 30 places. Wang Sicheng, an important minister in the Yuan Dynasty, Lantian, a scholar in the second year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, Chen Yi, a scholar in Shandong Province in the Ming Dynasty, Zou Shan and Liu Zhijian, Taoist priests of Huashan Sect of Quanzhen religion, all have original stones carved in Hualou Mountain. Hualou Mountain has magnificent natural landscape, peculiar geological structure, numerous stone carvings on cliff walls, rich historical and cultural heritage and convenient transportation, and is a must-see for Laoshan tourism.
Taiqing Palace, also known as the Qing Palace, is the oldest and largest Dojo in Laoshan, among which Shangqing Palace and Mingxia Cave belong. It was founded in 140 BC and has a history of more than 2000 years. The stone carvings in Taiqing Palace include the imperial edict of Genghis Khan, Qiu Chuji's poems, and the original works of Kang Youwei in modern times. Of course, the documents of land boundary and title deed are often "stone carvings as evidence", which shows that real estate disputes often occur in Laoshan history. In order to avoid disputes, stone carving is the foundation. In the outer Manchu corner of the Shangqing Palace, there is a stone pier engraved with the title deed, which accurately records the number of temple properties measured in the fifteenth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty. According to the article "Records of Laoshan Mountain", "There is a passage engraved on the stone next to the passage from the Sanguan Hall of Taiqing Palace to the Sanqing Hall, which records that after the restoration of Taiqing Palace in the 28th year of Wanli (1600), Laizhou Prefecture found that there were four palaces in Taiqing Palace, with the words:" There are 24 1 mu of incense burning volcanic ruins in the temple. East to Zhangxi 'an Pagoda, west to Langshui, south to the sea and a foot temple, all are incense, landless for the people, and never start classes. Draw a clear line between the palaces and carve stones as evidence. "At this moment, this stone was erected by the government to avoid disputes between local farmers and Taiqing Palace in later generations. Ancient stone carvings were found in the upper reaches of Bashui River in Laoshan Mountain. This cliff stone carving is well preserved, with clear lettering and dignified and quaint calligraphy art, which is amazing. The inscription on it is "Taiqing Palace Boundary", and the slightly smaller word is "Flower prodigal son". Therefore, the terrain is dangerous and inaccessible, which is "kept in a boudoir and unknown". Therefore, there is no record of the stone carving in Laoshan, and there is a "Taiqing Palace Boundary" not far from the same place. Because of the dangerous terrain, I looked for it several times and wanted to return. It is understood that there was a boundary pillar lying on the ground in the Bashuihe parking lot, and now the boundary pillar is missing. There are also stone carvings in the Taiqing Palace near the Fairy Ladder on the old Laoshan tourist route. There are more than 65,438+0,000 stone carvings on Mount Tai Cliff, the most famous of which is the inscription of Mount Ji carved on the cliff of Daguanfeng in Daiding in the 14th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (726), also known as Tang Cliff. The cliff is12.3m high and 5.3m wide, with 24 lines of inscriptions, totaling 5 1 word. Existing word 1008, word length 16×25 cm. Except for the word "imperial book" and the year, month and day in the last line, it is an official book. The forehead is 3.95 meters high, and the official script "Ji Taishan Ming" has two lines and four words, and the font size is 45×56 cm. Calligraphy is vigorous and graceful, with strict and vigorous end. This inscription was written by Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, when he sealed Mount Tai in Dongyue. According to legend, Xu Yan wrote the words, and Han Shi polished them with a pen and a beautiful dictionary, which is of great value to the study of Tang Dynasty history, calligraphy and seal cutting.
Along Wang Weishan, east of Hongmen at the southern foot of Mount Tai, the ancient tombs are towering, with lush vegetation and dense mountain streams, and the stone forest stands on the wall, overlooking the Nantianmen of Mount Tai, all over the mountains and plains, like clouds, especially enchanting, and the whole forest of steles is hidden in a holy fairyland. Since 1999, the carving of white marble cliff stone carvings has accumulated to 450 cliff stone carvings, and more than 500 monuments have been built. In addition to the names of ancient celebrities Du Fu and Li Bai, today's calligraphy masters are Qi Gong, Zhao Puchu, Shen Peng, Wang Xuezhong, Sha Menghai and Shao Huaze. It has also been highly praised for its poems and songs, with a total area of more than 20,000 square meters. Confucius said, "The knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan; The knower moves, and the benevolent is quiet; Those who know are happy, and those who are benevolent are longevity. " It means that wise people like water, and benevolent people like mountains; The wise are active, while the benevolent are quiet; Wise people are happy, but benevolent people live long. A wise man is a wise man. Smart people are quick-thinking, active in thinking, and active in temperament through rational thinking, so they use water as a metaphor. A benevolent person is a kind person. Good-hearted people are content with reason, kind and tolerant, but not impulsive, calm and stable, so compare mountains; There is a poem in Cui Hao that says, "The green hills are endless, and the green water will never grow." Its poetry is that some people enjoy water and others enjoy Leshan, which is more enjoyable, but also depends on temperament; Wang Guan also has a poem: "Water raises eyes and mountains gather eyebrows." If you want to ask pedestrians which way to go, your eyebrows are shining. "It can be seen that different people have different opinions, and different mountains and rivers do have their own merits. People also have their own love and pursuit. While appreciating the old saying, we have to admire their point of view: even if we can't reach it, we must yearn for it. Baimashi is located in the south of Mount Tai, east of Hong Men, and in Zhengyang of Happy Valley, Weiwang Mountain and Momo Mountain. Surrounded by mountains on three sides, there are two streams, Yinma River and Nver River, surrounded by mountains, with lush trees, dense fruit trees and mixed flowers and trees. It has the reputation of "every family has pomegranate and every family has longevity". It can be described as beautiful scenery, beautiful scenery and outstanding people.
At the southern foot of Mount Tai, a mysterious mountain peak, there are bare rocks and Wei Song Cliff. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qi Weiwang led troops to camp, hence the name Wei Wangshan. During the period of 1999, Baimashi Village Committee decided to find another way, and made use of Wang Weishan's geographical advantages and natural conditions to extensively collect the calligraphy works of contemporary famous calligraphers praising Taishan culture and natural scenery all over the country, and carved them on Mount Wang, forming a large cliff stone carving garden with great scale and influence, artistic level and high value in China. The natural cliff group in Wang Weishan has a total area of over 20,000 square meters. Qixingyan Cliff Stone Carving is located in Qixingyan Scenic Area in the north of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. It is one of the rare giant cliff stone carvings in China.
Among the cliff carvings in Qixingyan, Duanzhou Stone Chamber in Li Yong is the oldest. The overall height of the stone carving is l.07, and the width is 0.79m m. The text, inscription and inscription are 386 words *** 18 lines, and the inscription date is "25th day of the first month in the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727)". Because there is a horseshoe mark in the center of the left side of the stone carving, it is also called horseshoe monument. Horseshoe-shaped imprint was first seen in the early Song Dynasty, and by the end of Qing Dynasty, there were 3 19 characters in stone carvings. Now, 273 characters can be clearly seen, including 365,438+0 characters which are vague but recognizable, and 304 characters exist. After Li Yong, all the literati who visited Qixingyan in the past dynasties liked to write poems, inscriptions and paintings on the cliffs of Qixingyan to express their feelings. Among the 523 stone carvings, there are 4 in the Tang Dynasty, 80 in the Song Dynasty, 13 in the Yuan Dynasty, 146 in the Ming Dynasty,17 in the Qing Dynasty, 10 in the Republic of China and 109 in modern times. The date is unknown. Most of these stone carvings are distributed in Shishi Rock, Yuping Rock and Apo Rock, especially Shishi Rock. A total of 333 stone carvings have been collected, accounting for 63.6% of the total stone carvings on the cliff of Qixingyan.
As far as the types of characters are concerned, the cliff carvings in Qixingyan are mainly in Chinese characters and also in Tibetan. The fonts in Chinese characters are seal script, official script, regular script and cursive script. The giant is more than a foot long, and the smallest is only half an inch. A collection of masterpieces by many famous calligraphers constitutes a unique treasure house of calligraphy art in the south. Li Yong's regular script in Tang Dynasty, Guo's running script in Song Dynasty, Wu Guifang and Zhu Wan's seal script in Ming Dynasty, Hong's seal script in Qing Dynasty, Chen Gongyin's official script in Qing Dynasty and Chi Ying's cursive script in Qing Dynasty are all famous artistic treasures in this treasure house. On the cliff of Jiguan Mountain in the northwest of Zhangjiacun, Luotian Town, Xiajiang County, Jiangxi Province. It covers an area of about 60 square meters and is divided into three steps according to the degree of concavity and convexity. From top to bottom, two years of orthodoxy (1437), five years of Tianshun (146 1) and seven years of Chenghua (147 1) are the royal gifts of Zhang Xu, Kui Zhang and Zhang Xue. Complete regular script. Big full-size, small inch, fine and regular font, slightly sloppy. On the original wall, there were poems inscribed by Jie Jin, but in earlier years, villagers built houses with stones and destroyed them. There are two water-like stone platforms behind the mountain, called Shuangshuishi. 1July, 984, it was listed as the first batch of cultural relics protection units in Xiajiang County.