During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the production tools and technologies made remarkable progress, especially the use of iron farm tools and Niu Geng. The rapid development of social productive forces led to the emergence of feudal exploitation methods and the gradual formation of landlords and farmers. With the continuous development of the landlord class, in order to protect their economic rights and interests, they demanded political status and replaced the aristocratic rule of slave owners with the dictatorship of the landlord class. Some reformers, such as Shang Yang, represented the interests of the landlord class, carried out political reform activities and established a feudal system, which promoted the faster development of social productive forces. The development of productive forces promotes the change of production relations, and the change of economic base promotes the change of superstructure, which is the inevitable law of historical development.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the representative of advanced productive forces was the A landlord class. It is worth noting that in every historical stage, the representatives of advanced productive forces are not farmers. The slave owner class and slave class are both historical classes that are about to be eliminated.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, iron farm tools began to appear. The use of iron farm tools showed that human beings' ability to conquer nature was improved, and the arrival of the Iron Age marked the remarkable improvement of social productivity in China.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, cattle were gradually popularized for farming. The appearance of plough greatly improved the farming efficiency. The application of Niu Geng is an agricultural dynamic revolution in the history of agricultural technology in China.
The improvement of agricultural technology is mainly manifested in the improvement of water conservancy technology.
(1) Irrigation technology: Orange peel has been widely used to irrigate farmland in the Central Plains.
(2) Tang: The famous Shaolinbian irrigation project (now Anfengtang) in Huaihe River Basin was built by Chu Lingyin and Sun Shuai in the tenth to sixteenth year of Zhou (598 ~ 59 1). Located in the south of Shouxian County, Anhui Province, it can irrigate 1 10,000 hectares.
(3) Dujiangyan in Chengdu Plain. During the Warring States Period, Li Bing, Shu Han of Qin State presided over the construction, which was located in Dujiangyan City (formerly guanxian), Sichuan Province. It is a large-scale water diversion project on the Minjiang River and the longest dam-free water diversion project in the world.
(4) Zheng Guoqu, a large irrigation area in ancient Guanzhong area.
In short, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, centering on the popularization of iron farm tools, agricultural productivity made a new leap, which led to profound changes in the economic and political system and transformed China from a feudal landlord society to a feudal landlord society. Under this system, the economic independence of agricultural workers has been greatly improved compared with the previous generation. Their land can be privately owned and their management is quite independent. Both yeomen and tenant farmers are engaged in agricultural production in individual families, so their enthusiasm for production is higher than that of serfs under the Lord system.