Domestication, Dissemination and Popularization of Sunflowers in China Sunflowers or sunflowers also originated in the United States. The specific origin is probably in North America and now the United States, where there are wild sunflowers. However, Peruvians in South America think that they are also the hometown of sunflower, so today it is designated as the national flower. Therefore, the origin, domestication and artificial cultivation of sunflower may also be carried out independently in American civilization centers such as North America, Mexico and Peru. It is planted as an ornamental flower in Madrid Botanical Garden. By the end of 16, sunflowers have spread all over Europe as ornamental plants. /kloc-at the end of 0/7, Europeans picked tender flowers on sunflower plates, added seasonings to make cold lettuce, and collected seeds as coffee powder substitutes and bird food. 17 16 Englishman A. Bunyan successfully extracted oil from seeds for the first time and obtained a patent for the extraction method of sunflower oil. Sunflowers were introduced to Russia from Holland in the early18th century. At the beginning of the 9th century, Bo Kallova, a serf from Jefka village, Leksei, Biliuch region, Vorolez province, was introduced into the field for the first time. 1829, oil extraction from sunflower seeds; 1833, the first sunflower seed oil mill was built and put into operation in Alexei Djevka village. By the middle of19th century, various oil-rich sunflower varieties cultivated by Russians had returned from Russia to the United States and Canada in North America. Another example is Mei's poem "Sunflower" in the Northern Song Dynasty: "This heart is not born with the rising sun, but I hope that more grass can drown it." Su Zhe's poem Sunflower also said: "Sunflowers have blossomed and the fruit is heavy." Liu Kezhuang's poem "Kwai" in the Southern Song Dynasty said, "Grow the shadow of the old wall, … but don't change your sunny heart". Some works interpret sunflower and sunflower in the above poems as sunflower. To sum up, sunflowers have existed in China for a long time, and China is also one of the origins of sunflowers. This raises a puzzling question that we have to analyze. In my opinion, the problem is actually very simple, and it can be solved without complicated textual exegesis and persistent observation experiments on plant cultivation. Just recording that sunflowers are sunny or sunny does not mean that sunflowers are also native to China. Because many plants have positive flowers, there are several kinds of sunflowers, and their flowers are also positive. Only by recording people's consumption of its seeds can we show that sunflower is also native to China. Because it is hard to imagine that people are already familiar with the cultivation of sunflower, but they don't use its seeds as feed for livestock and poultry, and then as food for human beings. That's unreasonable. Edible fruits have never been recorded before, so it can only show that those "sunflowers", "sunflower" and "sunflower" are not today's sunflowers. Therefore, it is impossible to prove that China is also one of the origins of sunflowers. Columbus 1492 sailed to America, Da Gama 1498 sailed to India, Magellan 15265438 sailed from Western Europe to America, and then arrived in the Philippines. Since then, the sea lanes have been connected and the world has become one. Sunflowers were introduced into China from Nanyang in late 16 and early 17. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhao Qu mentioned in Volume II of Plant Products that during the Wanli period, western missionaries preached sunflowers. Today, botanists classify sunflowers as compositae sunflowers. As can be seen from the above, Wang Dui's records are more accurate and the classification is more scientific. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wen Zhenheng first used the name "sunflower" in 1639' s Chronicle of Long History. Another day: "the types of sunflowers have been laid, and the flowers are blooming in early summer, which impressed me the most." One day in Japan, alias passion fruit. " Although the sunflower has been handed down from generation to generation in the late Ming Dynasty, there is no mention of the sunflower in the two agricultural and botanical masterpieces "Agricultural Policy in Xu Guangqi" and "Compendium of Materia Medica in Li Shizhen" in the late Ming Dynasty, so it can be inferred that the sunflower was not widely planted at that time. According to the above records in Qunfangpu, it is estimated that it is mainly used as ornamental plants and medicinal crops. The planting of sunflowers in Qing Dynasty was further spread and popularized. In the early Qing Dynasty, Chen Haozi further described: "Sunflower, a sunflower. One or two feet tall, with leaves larger than hollyhocks, narrow tips and many notches. Flowers bloom in June, and there is only one flower on the top of each pole. The yellow flower has a big heart. It is shaped like a plate. Follow the sun. If the sun rises, the flowers face east, go straight up at noon and face west at sunset. The seeds are the most, as flat as castor seeds. It's just about preparing the staff. It's not interesting, but it's different from the above. When the leaves are big enough, cover them with soil, leave a good one and pull up the rest. It is advisable to pull out all the grass around, and avoid using hoes. When planting, cover it with cooked manure, and then occasionally pour manure water. " This is probably the earliest detailed scientific summary of the cultivation methods of sunflower production season, and it still has reference significance. At the same time, it shows that the planting and utilization of sunflower has been widely promoted in the late Qing Dynasty, so agronomists and scholars have made a detailed summary of this. He Gangde also summarized the various uses and development and utilization of sunflower, including the use of stems as vegetables, as textile raw materials, as torches, clean air and so on. In terms of eating seeds, the book says: "Seeds are ripe and sweet, and they cost 30 to 40 yuan per catty. Zi can squeeze famous dishes such as "Ding" or leave vegetables; There are peanut stew chicken, peanut 08 meat, peanut porridge and other meals; As snacks, there are mainly fried peanuts, raw peanuts, peanut candy, peanut cake, fish skin peanuts, peanuts and other fructose; Peanut oil and peanut butter are eaten as cooking raw materials and auxiliary seasonings; As a drink, there are peanut soybean milk made of soybeans and peanuts, and so on. There is another story about the origin of this famous dish: Ding Baozhen, governor of Sichuan in the late Qing Dynasty, visited southern Sichuan and went to Qiongzhou. The official chef of Qiongzhou made and cooked this dish temporarily to entertain him. Because he respected Bao Gong and was the first person to eat this dish, he was named Bao Gong diced meat. Sunflower seeds are mainly used as snacks. Although there are sunflower seeds on the dining table, they are also snacks, not dishes. However, it has surpassed all snacks and become the king of dried fruit snacks in China. There are many kinds of melon seeds in snacks, such as fried melon seeds, raw melon seeds, salt melon seeds, milk melon seeds and sweet melon seeds. Recently, peeled melon seeds have been introduced, which are also divided into fried, raw, salt, milk and sweet. It tastes more delicious and convenient. In addition, sunflower seed oil is also an excellent edible oil. Sunflowers and peanuts have become the largest dried fruit snack food in China. The reasons may also include that peeling peanuts loudly is more suitable for China people's gentle, hospitable and slow-heating personality, and the involvement of peanuts and sunflower has also promoted the development of China people's personality in that respect from a small side. Nowadays, the large increase of leisure time in China has also promoted the consumption of sunflower seeds and peanuts, and used them as leisure snacks. Peanuts and sunflowers have not only become the biggest dried fruit snacks in China, but also influenced the language and culture of China. It left a deep imprint in this respect. For example, there are many riddles about peanuts: for example, "hemp house, red curtains, white fat people sleeping inside"; Peach and plum are "flowers" on the door wall, and the door wall refers to the owner. Therefore, the peach and plum door wall is a "student of flowers", "peanuts" are detained, and bread crumbs will also be detained. Sunflower seeds also have an influence on the language in China. For example, the word "melon seeds" originally refers to melon seeds fried into snacks, such as watermelon seeds and melon seeds. However, sunflower seeds came from behind and turned to customers. Today's unlimited melon seeds refer to sunflower seeds, such as the famous fool melon seeds, crispy melon seeds and old eight melon seeds. But to indicate that melon seeds are melon seeds, so as not to cause ambiguity. Sunflowers also play an unusually important role in the political and spiritual life of contemporary China. Since 1949, China has become a socialist country led by * * *, and China has a tradition and habit of personality worship. Therefore, for a long time, in Yi Zhuan, in literary and artistic works, in political life and in social education, the great leader Chairman Mao Zedong and the great, glorious and correct China * * * have been compared to the sun, and the people have been compared to sunflowers. The song says "Sunflowers open to the sun". Simile people closely united around Chairman Mao and * * * and turned to support him and follow him. Since the reform and opening up, China has abandoned personality cult. We still adhere to the leadership of * * *, the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, the socialist system and road and the dictatorship of the proletariat, that is, the people's democratic dictatorship. Therefore, * * * is also compared to the sun, and the people of the whole country are compared to sunflowers, which means that the people are closely United around * * * and March forward courageously under her strong leadership. Just to give an example, primary and secondary school students often hold "Red Heart to Party Sunflower Action" and sunflower seed sheller, which makes these two kinds of dried fruit snacks more popular, more convenient to eat and play a greater role. Today, the research on peanut and sunflower breeding in China is also in the forefront of the world. For example, the peanut varieties planted in Penghu, Taiwan today are mainly improved varieties introduced from the west, such as Tainan Xuan 9, Tainan 9, Tainong 4, Penghu 1, Penghu 2 and so on. Sunflower can be used as medicine all over the body: the main function of sunflower seeds is to treat bloody dysentery and purulent pus; The usage is oral decoction; External tamping agent. Sunflower leaves are used to treat hypertension and are decocted and taken; Sunflower shell for tinnitus, oral decoction; Sunflowers dispel wind and improve eyesight. Treat dizziness, facial edema, and promote fertility. Take decoction orally. Also for toothache, suction. Sunflower can radically cure bladder pain, constipation and traumatic injury in chest, hypochondrium and stomach, and take decoction orally and tamps externally. Sunflower is used to treat headache, dizziness, toothache, epigastric pain, menstrual pain, sores and ulcers. Sunflower stem pith is used to treat stranguria, urinary calculi, chyluria and dysuria, and the decoction is taken orally and pounded externally.