At first, Germany was formed after the Roman invasion. The feudal system was formally formed in Britain only after the Germanic invasion, so the Germanic invasion was regarded as the beginning of the establishment of Britain. After the Romans retreated, Germanic tribes such as Anglo-Saxons living near the mouth of the Elbe River in Germany and southern Denmark, as well as Jutes living in the lower reaches of the Rhine River, began to invade Britain in the middle of the 5th century. After assimilation with the aborigines, they are collectively called English.
These Germans mainly include three ethnic groups: Saxons, Angles and Jutes, and they are the direct ancestors of Anglo-Saxons in Britain today. In 800 AD, the Saxons established the first dynasty in English history. However, in the ninth and tenth centuries, Vikings from Denmark invaded England continuously, which mixed the British with a large number of Danish descendants.
1066, William from Normandy conquered England, changed the blood of the British upper class and became a Norman (also a descendant of the Vikings). The founder of the Plantagenet Dynasty (Anjou) was also from France, and the British royal family was of French descent. Then the Tudor royal family came from Wales.
Later, the king of the Stuart dynasty came from Scotland. The royal families of the past two British dynasties, Hanover and Windsor, all came from Germany.
Therefore, the ethnic composition of Britain is still relatively complex, which is the product of the continuous invasion and integration of foreign nationalities, but most of them are descendants of Germans and some of them are descendants of Celts.
Extended data
There have been human activities in the British Isles for a long time. Around the 3rd century BC/Kloc-0, Iberians came from the European continent to settle in the southeast of the British Isles.
After about 700 BC, Celts living in western Europe moved into the British Isles, and one of them was called bretons, from which the name Britain probably came. It is well known that the Celts used iron, and the technology of plows is constantly improving. They have already used money. The development of productive forces has promoted the gradual differentiation of Carte society. ?
In 54 BC, Caesar led the Roman legions to invade Britain twice, both of which were repelled by the British. In 43 AD, the Roman emperor Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus led an army to invade Britain. After conquering Britain, it became a province of the Roman Empire. By 409, all Roman troops were forced to leave Britain, and Roman rule over Britain ended.
At the beginning of the 5th century, after the Romans retreated, Anglo-Saxons living near the mouth of the Elbe River in southern Germany and Denmark and Jutes from the lower Rhine conquered Britain. Angels call Britain "Angleland" (the origin of English name), which means the land of the Angles. On the other hand, Old English inherited their language.
By the beginning of the 7th century, the invaders had successively established seven great powers: this period was called the "Seven-Nation Era". When the Anglo-Saxons invaded, it was a clan and tribal organization. During the invasion, the original clan organization collapsed. With the development of productive forces, land has gradually become private property, and nobles, big landlords, dependent farmers and slaves have emerged.
Village community has become a form of transition from clan commune land ownership to feudal land ownership, which is generally considered to be the beginning of feudal process in British society. At the end of the 6th century, Christianity was introduced to Britain. To this day, Americans still call the British and the British Anglo-Saxons.
Since the end of the 8th century, Scandinavians, mainly Danes, have invaded Britain many times.
In 879, King Alfred signed a treaty with the Danes, which placed the northeast of England under the jurisdiction of Denmark and called it the "Danish area". /kloc-At the beginning of the 0 th century, the successors of King Alfred gradually recovered Denmark. 165438+ At the beginning of the 20th century, the Danes made a comeback. During the Danish occupation, the process of feudalism in Britain was accelerated.
King Edward died childless, and William, Duke of Normandy, led an army invasion in 1066. In the same year, he entered London in 10 and was crowned King William I of England, known as "William the Conqueror" in history.
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