The origin of bridge can be traced back at least to England in16th century (the earliest information is shown in 1529). In the following centuries, various card games appeared, such as Victory, Eating, Slam, Eating for Glory, Whiskey and Sailor, Whiskey and Whistler. "Whiskey" may mean that when you win a bunch of cards, you quickly put them in; And West means to tell everyone to be quiet. By the middle of17th century, this card game was generally called the modern name Whistler, but it was not until 1742 that the first book about Whistler appeared, which was the famous Concise Essays written by Edmund Huo Yier. This book quickly became a best seller, and many illegally copied versions appeared immediately.

As a fashion entertainment, Whistler has always been very popular. 1834, Henry Bentinck invented the size signal. This did more research and wrote books about this card game for some later authoritative figures, such as Clay, De Sabris, cavendish, etc. The first double whist competition was generally held in London on 1857 under the guidance of Calvin Dixie. The purpose of this competition is to show the great advantages of superb card skills, so a team of players who are considered excellent and a team of players who are considered poor (there is no specific standard to evaluate before) are specially arranged to compete. The "excellent" player won easily. Calvin Dixie thought this method could eliminate the factor of luck, but his pioneering efforts were echoed and imitated nearly a quarter century later.

The expansion and development of pluralistic teaching method in the United States is slightly earlier than that in Britain. 1880 held a multiplexing competition in a private home in Chicago, and 1882 held a multiplexing competition in a club in New Orleans. 1883, the first inter-club competition was held in Philadelphia. The first multi-event competition in Europe was held in Glasgow, Scotland in about 1888.

The emergence of various methods makes it possible for private card games to become open competitions. In the process of development, there are the following major events: 189 1 American Whistler Association was established; In the same year, the Kalmazo card box was invented. 1892, J.T. Mitchell wrote the first book about the organization and arrangement of the competition. Mitchell designed the earliest rotation method of opposing matches, and described and expounded the calculation method of match scores, which has been used ever since.

Whistler Federation in the United States has flourished for about forty years, but since1the early 1990s, bridge appeared in the United States (and was introduced to Britain at about the same time). Whistler Federation of America gradually weakened and finally ended. According to the chronicles of ewell and R.F. Foster, Bridge spread to new york in 1893, and Henry I. Barba marked the date in his privately printed Rules of Bridge as 1892.

In London, Portland Club started its bridge activities at 1894 at the suggestion of Lord Brorongham. Lord Broger Hamm learned bridge from several officers in India (some say he learned it while traveling in Egypt). However, according to a letter published in Bridge magazine on 1932, Frank nast participated in the "first" bridge activity in England at St. George's Club in Hanover Square, London on 1892. Bridge was introduced by Colonel Stude at that time. He said that the bridge extends from the eastern Mediterranean countries. (He learned bridge in the trenches of Privina during the 1877 ~ 1878 Russian-Turkish War.

The earliest age of the bridge, and the fact that it may follow Turkey or Russia, are strongly supported by the new evidence discovered by R TRUE in 1974- 1975. He quoted the following passage from a letter of A.M. Keeler (nationality unknown) published in 1904 "Abstracts and Questions": "1886, I was a member of Kohidi Waal Club in Cairo, and I joined the club at that time. The main card game of the club is bridge. According to other members, it has been like this for a long time. "

On the French Riviera, one of Bridge's earliest names was "Kexidiwa", which is probably the reason why some local players have been to this club in Cairo. Turkey/Kloc-From the beginning of the 6th century to the First World War, the Turkish governor who ruled Egypt at that time called Bridge by the official name "Kohidi Waal".

In a review and introduction article of Modern Bridges published by 190 1 London, there is an earlier saying about the appearance of bridges: "Bridges were called' Biliqi' in Turkey at that time … it was popular in southeastern Europe … the time began as early as the early 1960s."

Although there is a compound word in Turkish that sounds like "Birich", judging from a lot of evidence found, even if it is not the bridge itself, the name of the bridge obviously comes from Russia. Brewing and another Russian card game called Naranasi. Both of them do not include the generals introduced by bridge, but in the brochure published according to the rules of 1886, the meaning of "bridge" is to declare that there are no generals, and you can get big prizes when you hold four aces at the same time.

All this shows that the name of bridge is even less convincing: when the dealer transfers the right to choose cards to his partner, he marks the bid, hence the name of bridge. It seems more likely that the banker said "I passed the bid" instead of "I want to transfer to ……" from the name of the bridge itself, not the name of the bridge.

The development of bridge in form was slow until it was introduced to the United States and Britain, which showed that bridge was not a card game played by servants at first, but spread through the diplomatic circles in the capitals such as Fort Constanyine and Cairo.