Huizhou's style of writing is prosperous and its education is developed, which breeds splendid Huizhou culture. In almost all fields related to social and cultural life, such as society, economy, education, philosophy, classics, medicine, painting, art, printing, sculpture, drama, literature, diet, science and technology, technology, architecture, etc. Huizhou people have made great contributions and have been leading the way for thousands of years. 1At the end of 999, Huangshan City held the "Millennium Huizhou Outstanding Historical Figures Selection". The top ten are: the great educator Tao Xingzhi, the great thinker Zhu, the cultural giant Hu Shi, the great philosopher Dai Zhen, Zhan Tianyou, the father of Chinese railways, the great painter Huang, the abacus master Cheng Dawei, Jiang Jian, the founder of Xin 'an Painting School, and Wang Maoyin, the only China person mentioned by Marx in Das Kapital.
Bi sheng
Bi Sheng (? -about 105 1), a famous scientist in the northern song dynasty, the founder of movable type printing, and a native of Shexian county. Bi Sheng, a nobody in Huizhou, loved to study technology all his life. During the Qing Dynasty in the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng felt the complexity and inconvenience of traditional block printing, and devoted himself to studying movable type printing technology. He invented the clay movable type, carved words on the clay blank, word by word, and then burned it hard, which made the printing process get a qualitative leap, greatly accelerated the speed, corrected the typos independently, and reused the movable type, realizing the first great revolution in the history of human printing. Shen Kuo, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, recorded Bi Sheng's achievements in Meng Qian's Bi Tan.
Fangla
Fang La (? -1 12 1), the leader of the peasant uprising army at the end of the northern song dynasty, was from Shexian county. Fang La was born in poverty and made a living by farming and hoop barrels. As an adult, he lived in Chun 'an County, Zhejiang Province (Qingxi, Zhou Mu, Song Dynasty) to help workers live. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the political situation became increasingly chaotic, and the extravagant life of the ruling clique and the cost of making peace with the outside world greatly increased the burden on the people, who were struggling in dire straits. Fang La felt the corruption of state affairs and was extremely indignant at the present situation of poverty, so he used Zoroastrianism to mobilize the working people to resist the dark society by force. 1 120 (the second year of Song Huizong Xuanhe) 10 At the beginning of this year, after the uprising in Qixian Village of Shexian County, Fang La quickly moved to Zhou Mu, took Bangyuan as the base camp of the rebel army, held a "paint garden swearing-in", denounced the darkness, issued a program of action, and changed himself to "Yongle". In February of 65438+, the rebel army launched a powerful offensive, connecting Jiande County of Zhejiang, Xiuning County of Anhui and Zhangzhou, the southeast political center, with Hangzhou as the new command center. Fang La made careful arrangements, and within half a year, it burned the flames of the uprising to four provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi, and occupied fifty-two counties in six states. The Song Dynasty was frightened at that time and sent Tong Guan to lead the troops1.5000. 1 12 1 spring, Hangzhou fell, and Fang La retreated to Qingxi bangyuan base. In early summer, he was defeated and captured, and was killed in Kaifeng, Henan in the same year.
bright red
Zhu (1 130— 1200), a great scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, is a famous thinker, educator and master of science in China. The word "Hui" was called "Hui 'an", "Hui Weng" and "Ziyang" in ancient times, and originated from Wuyuan, Huizhou. 1 148, the top student in the senior high school entrance examination, once worked as a secretary, treasurer, and so on. Give it to the master after death and seal it with lord protector's emblem. How bumpy the official plan is, concentrate on your studies. He has made great contributions to philosophy, Confucian classics, education, phonology, literature, geography, archaeology and natural science. His ideological system is called "the most extensive, the most detailed and the most complete" in the history of China's thought. The history of Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism, founded by Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and others, is called "Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism", which is an orthodox official philosophy that has influenced China's ideological circle for seven or eight hundred years after Confucius, and has spread abroad and influenced the world. Attach importance to education and establish an academy. The Tips of Bailudong Academy has a far-reaching impact on later education. There are many works, among which 58 volumes of Notes to Four Books are the "sacred books" of the imperial examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties. He often writes under the pseudonym of "New Zhu An Xi" and gives lectures in Huizhou. As far as his disciples are concerned, "Zhuzixue" also constitutes the pioneering science of "Xin 'an Neo-Confucianism" and further constitutes the rational core of Huizhou culture. There is a biography of the history of Song Dynasty.
Cheng Dawei
Cheng Dawei (1553─ 1606) was born in Xiuning (now Tunxi). He is clever and eager to learn, and especially likes mathematics. When I was young, my father and I went out to do business, traveled in Wu Chu and visited scholars and literati. When I meet "people who know math, it's hard to visit and be tireless." In business dealings, Cheng Dawei felt the inconvenience of the traditional chip counting method, and decided to write a concise and practical math book to help the world. In order to realize his great ambition, he spared no expense to buy a suicide note.
At the age of forty, he was tired of traveling abroad, gave up his business and returned to his hometown. Twenty years later, he wrote seventeen volumes of Arithmetic in the year of the Ming Wanli (1592). In the following six years, this book was simplified and written into four volumes, which became the most basic reader for folk mathematicians later. The "Algorithm Outline" expounds the traditional rules of abacus calculation, establishes the usage of abacus calculation, perfects the formula of abacus calculation, collects 595 mathematical problems circulated in ancient times and records the solutions. It can be called16-17th century China's representative work in the field of mathematics. These two masterpieces are the most perfect abacus calculation classics in ancient China, which opened a new era of abacus calculation. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Japanese Maori Chongneng (1592 to 1596 studying in China) translated it into Japanese, creating a precedent for Japanese harmony. In the early Qing Dynasty, the book was introduced to Korea, Southeast Asia and Europe, and became a masterpiece of ancient oriental mathematics.
Another invention of Cheng Dawei is the "measuring bicycle", which is made of bamboo sticks. It is similar to today's tape measure, marked with length units, which is a great innovation compared with the wooden ruler.
Cheng Dawei's former residence is located at No.9 East of Qianyuan District, Tunxi District, Huangshan City, and was built during Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty. It consists of the main building, ancestral building and Yuan Bin, and is a typical Huizhou architecture. 1986 September 18, on the occasion of the 380th anniversary of Cheng Dawei's death, the renovated former residence was turned into a memorial hall. Cheng Dawei's achievements are admired by later generations. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the descendants of the Cheng family built Qin Sitang in front of their former residence as a memorial, and it was converted into a abacus database in 1990. Walking into the museum is like stepping into a dazzling abacus city. Gold, silver, jade, stone, porcelain, ivory, hardwood and other textures are everywhere, with dozens of styles such as chips, pearls, turtle patterns and gossip. The largest one is 1.75 meters long and 8 1 file, which is the counter abacus used by Tunxi Laojie Tongderen Pharmacy to facilitate dispensing calculation. In order to facilitate complex mixed operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, a five-layer trapezoidal abacus is made, which implies the encouraging color of "step by step"; The most amazing thing is the smallest silver ring abacus, which is only 13 mm long and has 9 gears. Beads are as small as millet, and the tip of the needle can move freely. There are also abacus such as sewing kit and hookah. ...
Dai Zhen
Dai Zhen (1723 ——1777) was a famous thinker and scholar in Qing dynasty, and a representative of Ganjia school. The word Dongyuan was born in Xiuning, Long Fu (now Tunxi). Dai Zhen was born in poverty and studied in a private school. He is famous for his unforgettable memory and good at asking questions. Legend has it that once, when the teacher was teaching "College Chapters and Sentences", the more he listened, the more suspicious he felt, so he asked the teacher, "How do you know what Confucius said and what Ceng Zi described?" It is difficult for the teacher to answer this unexpected question, so he gave Zhu's authority "This is what Zhu Wengong said" to tell Dai Zhen that there is no need to regenerate the question. Unexpectedly, Dai Zhen was suspicious: "How did Zhu Wengong know this?" Hearing this, the teacher was speechless and sighed, "This is very unusual!" "
/kloc-When he was 0/8 years old, Dai Zhen dropped out of school due to family difficulties and went to Nanfeng, Jiangxi Province with his father to make a living by selling cloth. During this period, he gave lectures in Shaowu Museum. When he returned to China at the age of 20, he worshipped Jiang Yong, a famous Confucian scholar in Wuyuan, as a teacher and studied eight-part essay under Dai Han, a Nanjing native. At the age of 28, he made up all the students in the county. At the age of 33, he avoided the enemy and entered the capital. He lives in Huizhou Guild Hall and studies in a difficult environment. 1762, won the senior high school entrance examination. After that, I took six Jinshi examinations, but all failed, because my thoughts and concepts were inconsistent with Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. At the age of 5 1, he was recommended by Ji Yun, editor-in-chief of Sikuquanshu, and became a full-time editor of Sikuquanshu library. At the age of 53, he gained a background as a scholar and was awarded the post of Jishi Shu, imperial academy. Soon, he fell ill because of overwork and was misdiagnosed by quacks. Unfortunately, he died in Xifan Sakura Garden in Chongwenmen, Beijing. The coffin was transported back to his hometown by his wife and buried in front of several hills in Shangshan Township, Xiuning County.
Dai Zhen is a master in the history of China's thoughts. He is familiar with astronomy, calendar, history, geography, phonology, exegesis and so on. When he first entered Beijing, famous scholars in Beijing, such as Ji Yun, Qian Daxin and Wang Mingsheng, were deeply impressed by Dai Zhen's profound knowledge. "Knock on his knowledge, listen to his words and read his books." However, the life of a great master is tragic. Until his later years, when he was famous all over the world, he was still poor. Duan Yucai, his student, lamented: "A gentleman's talent is happy without public office." After the death of Dai Zhen, scholar Wang Chang wrote the Epitaph of Mr. Dai Dongyuan, Qian Daxin wrote the Biography of Mr. Dai Zhen, Hong Bang wrote The Behavior of Mr. Yuan in Dai Dong, and his disciples Jintan and Duan Yucai compiled the Chronicle of Mr. Yuan in Dai Dong, which described Dai Zhen's bumpy life and academic situation in detail. Dai Zhen is the leader of "Gan Jia Pu Xue". His research started with the exegesis of famous things, expounded the principles on the basis of rigorous textual research, and made creative contributions in many aspects. For example, based on Guang Yun, he founded nine categories and twenty-five theories of ancient rhyme, which conveyed the theories of Yang, Yin and Ru in pairs. He sorted out seven arithmetic classics, including nine chapters of Yongle Dadian, and wrote a volume of Xing Ri, summarizing the mathematical achievements of past dynasties.
Throughout his life, Dai Zhen has creatively interpreted Confucian classics and other ancient classics by following the method of "seeking training by sound, seeking training by writing, and seeking righteousness by exegeting". His main works are: Yuanshan, Interpretation of Mencius' Word Meaning, Correction of Etiquette, Supplement of the Doctrine of the Mean, Interpretation of Dialects, Textual Research of Ancient Calendar, Examination Notes, etc. Dai Zhen also presided over the compilation of Fenzhou Zhi, which became a reference model for later chroniclers. There are 59 volumes 16 kinds of worn suicide notes. The clear draft of The Scholars has been circulated.
1924, the bicentennial of Dai Zhen's birth, Dai's East Garden Library was established in Yaobulou, Dai Zhen's former residence, and later changed to Dai Zhen Memorial Hall. Dai Zhen Park in Tunxi is also named after Dai Zhen.
Wang maoyin
Wang Maoyin (1798— 1865), born in the spring, was born in financial economists in the Qing Dynasty. Qi Gigi Lai people, Shexian people, later moved to Yicheng Xiong Village. In the 12th year of Qing Daoguang (1832), he was a scholar, and successively served as the minister of the Ministry of Housing, the right assistant of the Ministry of Housing, the left assistant of the Ministry of Industry, and the right assistant of the Ministry of Official Affairs. Wang Maoyin served in Beijing for three dynasties and served as an official for thirty years. She County Guild Hall, which has been living alone outside Xuanwu Gate, is famous for its honesty and advice. 1864 due to the death of her mother, she left her job and returned to China. 1865 died in her hometown.
Wang Maoyin is a very insightful financial expert. He worked in the housing department for many years and was in charge of the money court. Therefore, he has always been very concerned about the reform of the monetary system, and can put forward some practical methods to alleviate the financial crisis according to different social and financial situations. 185 1 year, Wang Maoyin presented the Bill Discount, and suggested issuing silk banknotes at the bank's expense to meet the government's financial difficulties, which was rejected by the court. In 1853, two more requests to change the monetary system were rejected. His idea of cashing in precious paper money and official bank notes of the Qing Dynasty and opposing the idea of casting hundreds, 500, and 1,000 yuan of large amount of money has a certain effect on maintaining social stability and curbing inflation. He hit the nail on the head and pointed out: "Function determines the value of money, not the value of things. When the money is several thousand, people dare not think it is one hundred; Things are worth a hundred, and it is not difficult for the people to think about thousands. " We have a clear understanding of the relationship between price law and money supply. However, Wang Maoyin's suggestion was severely reprimanded by Emperor Xianfeng, who was eager to enrich the state treasury, accusing him of "giving orders to people and not caring about state affairs" and transferring him from the post of the Ministry of Finance.
Wang Maoyin's monetary reform plan was written by Russian envoys in the book On China by the Embassy of the Russian Empire in Beijing. Marx described in the first note of the first volume of Das Kapital that Wang Maoyin was criticized for putting forward the idea of "cashing in". Wang Maoyin's works include Wang Memorial, Anhui Commendation Record, etc. 10. The draft of Qing history is a biography of Wang Maoyin.
Tianyou Zhan
Zhan Tianyou (1861-1919) was a famous railway engineering expert in modern times and the founder of China railway industry. The word Cheng Chun is from Wuyuan, Huizhou. In his early years, his family was poor, and later he was sponsored by his father-in-law to study in Europe. From 1905 to 1909, he presided over the construction of China's first railway designed and built by himself-Zhangjing Railway, which created many new construction laws, trained the first batch of railway engineering experts for China and laid the foundation for China's railway industry.
Saijinhua
Sai Jinhua (1864-1936), formerly known as Zheng, was also known as Cao Menglan in his later years, and was born in Zhengcun, Longjiang Township, Yixian County. Sai Jinhua was born in Suzhou, and her father was a poor sedan chair bearer. Young Sai Jinhua was forced to become a prostitute for a living after her father died of illness. Soon, because of her understanding, she became a famous prostitute in Suzhou. Later, Hong Jun, the top scholar of Shexian County, was ordered to go to Germany, Russia, Holland and Austria. When Mrs. He refused to accompany her, Hong Jun spent money to buy Sai Jinhua as a concubine and traveled as a minister's wife. In Germany and other places, Sai Jinhua learned German, English and other languages, and won the favor of German upper class by virtue of her cleverness and beauty.
Hong Jun died soon after returning from office. Young people in the Champion House didn't want this former prostitute concubine to humiliate their prominent family, so they drove Sai Jinhua out of the house. Sai Jinhua came to Beijing and came back for prostitution. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, and Empress Dowager Cixi fled hastily. Eight-Nation Alliance burned, killed and looted. By chance, Sai Jinhua got in touch with an old acquaintance and allied commander Wadesi. They lived together for several months and often rode in parallel with the city. The capital is called "Mr. Sai". Under the persuasion of Sai Jinhua, Wadesi strengthened the restraint on the troops and reduced the evil forms of indiscriminate killing and looting. At that time, there was a lot of traffic in front of Saijia, and the aristocratic children worshipped her as their foster mother. Li Hongzhang also sent his son Li to meet Sai Jinhua and asked her to try to facilitate the early signing of the peace treaty. After Empress Dowager Cixi returned to Beijing, there was a public opinion that prostitutes saved drivers. Someone rushed to visit Sai Jinhua, and a kind-hearted person wrote a satirical poem: "Where a thousand troops and horses go, the rescue depends on a girl; Don't laugh, Jinhua is too thick, and soldiers can beat her. "
After the "Gengzi Incident", the Qing court felt humiliated and sent Sai Jinhua back to her hometown of Yixian on the grounds of abusing her handmaid. Later, Sai Jinhua married a man named Cao as a concubine. After Cao's death, she was kicked out of her house and returned to Beijing and Tianjin to live on tuna. Sai Jinhua's evening scenery is bleak and she walks with beggars. From 65438 to 0936, Sai Jinhua was poor and ill in Jurenli, Beijing, at the age of 67.
At present, Huangshan Tai Ding Tourism Development Co., Ltd. is investing in the restoration of Sai Jinhua's former residence. The former residence planning covers an area of more than 40 mu. In addition to the former residence of Saijinhua, which was restored according to its original appearance, there are exhibition halls and Huizhou gardens that embody Huizhou architecture and the classic "Three Carvings". The restoration of the former residence will show people touching historical figures and the unique features of Huizhou gardens.
Huang binhong
Huang (1865— 1955), a native of Tandu Village, Shexian County, was an outstanding painter and painting theorist in modern China. Name and quality, simple words, nickname, Hong Lao, people, because there is a museum in my hometown, it was renamed in middle age.
Huang was born in Jinhua, Zhejiang (his father is in business in Jinhua). 1876, Huang, 13 years old, returned to Shexian to test the boy. Since then, he has lived in his hometown for over 30 years. During this period, Huang actively participated in the anti-Qing revolutionary activities, and some legendary and intriguing stories happened, which were widely circulated in his hometown. He wrote to Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, frankly stating his views on political reform. He and Tan Sitong met in Guichi to discuss the political reform plan. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Tan Sitong and other people with lofty ideals were killed, and Hong Bin shouted: "The country can't do it except Tatar!" Later, he went to Wuhu to attend the "Anhui Public School" organized by Chen Duxiu and others, and had many contacts with Bai, Wang Juyou, the backbone of the League. Later, in the name of commemorating Huang Zongxi, a thinker in the late Ming Dynasty, together with Xu Chengyao, an academician in the late Qing Dynasty, he organized a "Huang's Club" in Xin 'an Middle School Hall in Shexian County to contact revolutionary forces, cultivate young people with aspirations and serve the country faithfully. 1907, in order to raise money for the revolutionary party, Hong Bin brought home a Li Shifu who had made money for the Taiping Army and secretly cast a copper circle. When the crew was about to start, it was reported that he was in a hurry to dismantle the plane, bid farewell to his family and flee to Shanghai alone.
During his stay in Shanghai, Huang devoted himself to artistic practice and theoretical research. Co-edited illustrated newspapers China Guoguang Collection and Learning Art from Books with Deng Shi and others, and served as professors in various art colleges in Shanghai. From 65438 to 0937, he moved to Beiping and worked in the Forbidden City to identify fine arts and cultural relics. After the fall of Beiping, he refused to cooperate with the Japanese puppet government, wrote behind closed doors and studied painting art.1In the autumn of 948, he was hired as a professor at Hangzhou National Art College and settled in Qixialing, West Lake. After 1949, he served as vice chairman of Shanghai Artists Association, director of the Institute of National Fine Arts of Central Academy of Fine Arts, and professor of East China Branch of Central Academy of Fine Arts. He was awarded the honorary title of "Excellent Painter of China People" by the Ministry of Culture of East China Military and Political Commission.
Huang is an outstanding representative of modern painting. As a rising star of Xin 'an Painting School, his early landscape paintings were deeply influenced by Li, Cheng Sui, Cheng Zhengqi, Kun Can and others. After middle age, his artistic position changed from learning from ancient times to learning from nature. From the age of 50 to 70, he traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers, visited Huangshan Mountain for nine days, Jiuhua Mountain for five days and Taishan Mountain for four days, leaving tens of thousands of sketches. After 70 years old, his painting style changed greatly, and his works were rich and colorful, with far-reaching artistic conception. Unique, famous for being proficient in ink painting, making good use of Jiao Mo and thick ink, and also known as "Northern Qi and Southern Yellow" with Qi Baishi. In terms of artistic theory, Huang summed up the five-character brushwork of "flat, left, round, heavy and changeable" and the seven-character brushwork of "thick, light, broken, splashed, burnt, accumulated and wound" based on years of practice, which has high theoretical value.
Besides ink painting, Huang also has profound attainments in poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting. Liu Yazi praised him as "a poet is no less talented than a painter". In terms of seal cutting, he is a well-known collector of Qin and Han seals in China. He has infiltrated for many years and achieved extraordinary accomplishments. Calligraphy, cultural relics identification, art history and other fields have also made great achievements. Huang Yisheng's works are abundant, and his representative works include: A Study on the Origin of Huangshan Painters, An Introduction to Ancient Painting, Lu Hong's Talk on Painting, Hong Bin Caotang Painting Collection, Hong Bin Painting Quotations, Hong Bin Poetry Collection and Huang Painting Collection.
Tan Duhuang's former residence, Huaide Hall, was built in the middle of Qing Dynasty (17 18) and is now the "Yellow Memorial Hall". Huang loves his motherland. He collected more than 65,438+0,800 books, more than 270 kinds of prints, rubbings, more than 580 ancient cultural relics, ancient seals, bronzes, jade articles, porcelain, brick and tile inkstones, more than 2,320 ancient and modern famous paintings, more than 5,700 self-created paintings, and manuscripts and relics, all of which were donated to. He also loves his hometown. He is 765,438+0 years old. He also went back to his hometown to sweep graves, and often stamped "Huang Shanren" on the bottom of the picture frame. He will never forget his lovely hometown.
Tao Xingzhi
Tao Xingzhi (1891-1946), a well-known civilian educator in modern times, was originally named Wen Zhuo, and was once named Zhixing, a native of Huangtanyuan Village, Shexian County. /kloc-entered school at the age of 0/5, and studied at Chongyi School in Shexian County, Guangji Medical College in Hangzhou, and Literature Department of Jinling University. 19 14 went to the university of Illinois to study municipal science, and then transferred to Columbia university for education. 19 17 After returning to China, he has served as a professor at Nanjing Normal University, director of the Department of Education of Southeast University, director of Beijing China Education Improvement Society, and president of Nanjing Anhui Public College. 1923 initiated the establishment of China Association for the Promotion of Civilian Education. 1927, Xiaozhuang Normal School, an experimental rural normal school in Nanjing suburbs, was established, and the life education theory of "society is education", "life is education" and "teaching integration" was put forward. 1932 Established Shanhai Engineering Corps, Life Education Society and National Disaster Education Society, advocating "Mr. Xiao" and advocating that education should go deep into the people, serve the people, and serve the anti-Japanese and national salvation. 1944 10 joined the China Democratic League, was elected as the Standing Committee of the Central Committee, the director of the Education Committee, and served as the editor-in-chief of Democracy Education magazine and Democracy Weekly. 1946 65438+ 10, with the support of the Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China, and Li Gongfu and others founded the Social University in Chongqing, and served as the president. On July 25th of the same year, he died in Shanghai due to overwork.
Tao Xingzhi has been engaged in the cause of civilian education all his life, and put forward the slogan of "teaching others to teach themselves, but in vain", and really practiced it, sharing weal and woe with poor students. There is a couplet hanging on both sides of the hut auditorium of Xiaozhuang Normal School: "Be friends with horses, cattle, sheep, chickens and dogs, and work hard on rice, wheat and millet." It embodies Tao Xingzhi's educational policy for workers and peasants. After Tao Xingzhi became famous, his life was still frugal. He wrote a pair of couplets himself, "Come with one heart, without a blade of grass". In view of Tao Xingzhi's lofty spiritual realm and creative achievements, Mao Zedong praised him as a "great people's educator" and Soong Ching Ling honored him as a "model for generations to come". Among the top ten cultural celebrities in the world recognized by the United Nations, Tao Xingzhi is the first and Socrates is the second.
To commemorate Tao Xingzhi, the former site of Chongyi School in Shexian County was built as the Tao Xingzhi Memorial Hall, which became the patriotic education base in Anhui Province for future generations to pay tribute to.
Hushi
Hu Shi (1891-1962) is a famous modern scholar and social activist. Jixi county people. Born in a family of Huizhou merchants, 19 10 studied in the United States, 19 15 became a student of Dewey, a master of pragmatic philosophy, and 19 17 returned to Peking University as a professor. Profound knowledge, has held more than 30 doctoral titles; 19 17 published my humble opinion on literary improvement, which opened the first page of China's modern literary revolution movement; 19 18 joined the editorial department of new youth, vigorously advocated vernacular Chinese, wrote the first collection of modern vernacular poetry, and became one of the leaders of the new culture movement; 19 19 replaced Chen Duxiu as the editor-in-chief of Weekly Review, published "Study more problems, talk less about doctrine", and put forward a pragmatic methodology of "boldly assuming and carefully verifying", which has great influence in the whole country; Put forward the argument of "total westernization"; During the Anti-Japanese War, he sent a special envoy to the United States to sign the Sino-US Mutual Assistance Treaty on behalf of Chiang Kai-shek. Politically, he followed the Kuomintang, academically, wrote a lot, and his research methods had the legacy of Hui school's simple learning.
Hu Shi's former residence, located in Shangzhuang Village, Jixi County, was built in the 23rd year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1897). The main house faces south, with brick and wood structure, two rooms and three compartments, and the "Hui" shape leads to the building. It covers an area of 208 square meters and has a building area of 350 square meters. The facade is in the style of two columns and one door on the first floor, with brick carvings and kisses embedded on it. Sha Menghai, a contemporary calligrapher, wrote the words "Hu Shi's former residence" on the wooden board with a black background in front of the door. In front of the main hall, Qian Juntao wrote: "I walked in Wan Li for a long time, but my eyes were high and no one was there." . There are tea tables and armchairs in the east and west, and Hu Shi's immediate family members are hung between the walls. On the west is the room where Hu Shi and Jiang Dongxiu got married. There are wooden beds, tables, chairs, cabinets and stools in the room. The front wing is where Hu Shi studied when he was a child. The annex to the East Room was used by Hu Jue (Hu Shi's second brother). On the two wings of the main hall, there are manuscripts and some works such as Hu Shi's family letters, Hu Jia's genealogy, calligraphy and painting donated by celebrities at home and abroad, poems and Hu Shi's "family portrait" photos. The portrait of Hu Shi's father Tiehua hangs in front of the patio, and the photo of Hu Shi's mother Feng Shundi hangs on the east side. In the hall, Zhu Di hangs a huge gold plaque of "Holding the Festival in Xuanwei", which was written by Cheng Dongping of Yi nationality, and the money was given by Zhu Yayun, the magistrate of Jixi County in the 31st year of the Republic of China. At that time, Hu Shi was appointed ambassador to the United States. These four words are to encourage him to grasp his own life and not forget his national prestige. In the former residence 12 landing door, orchids were carved, and four window grilles were engraved with flowers and plants, which was written by Hu Mo, a master of ink mold. One of the pictures is called "Orchids are the crown of kings and don't blend with other grasses". The former residence also displays photos of Hu Shi in various periods. Hu Shi took Fan Zhen's Theory of Immortal Extinction as the vertical axis, and Zhang Zhidong presented Hu Tiehua's hat tube, Hu Tiehua's seven-star sword, imperial edict box and conch brought back from Taiwan Province.
cutie
Zhang Shu (1909— 1938), formerly known as a native of Rouling, Kengkou, Shexian County. 1926 was admitted to the Music Department of Shanghai Art Institute, and then transferred to South China Art Institute and Shanghai National Conservatory of Music. He has participated in progressive literary and art groups such as Nanguo Society and Left-wing Dramatists Union. Under the guidance of Tian Han and Xiao Youmei, he made rapid progress. As a student, he took an active part in progressive literary and artistic activities, and was twice accused by the Kuomintang authorities in Luo Zhi and put into prison. /kloc-joined the "Friends of the Soviet Union" in 0/933, and jointly organized China Emerging Music Research Association and Song Research Association with Nie Er and Lu Ji. Joined China in the same year. The following year, he was sent to Changsha by the party organization to actively carry out anti-Japanese propaganda activities under the cover of teaching, and wrote songs such as Anti-Japanese March, Return My Country, and Defend Our Country, which showed the people's strong enthusiasm for saving the country. 1938 was bombed by enemy planes on the way from Wuhan to Guilin. Zhou Enlai once commented: "The value of Mr. Zhang Shu lies in that he and Nie Er are brave warriors on the cultural front."
Cutie wrote more than 200 revolutionary songs, and once expressed his attachment to his beautiful hometown with beautiful songs. For example, in "Sunset on the Western Hills", he sang "The sunset on the Western Hills is full of clouds, and there is a handsome friend across the street with heavy eyebrows and a camellia on his head ..." No matter the lyrics or songs, they are full of unpretentious Huizhou sentiment, vividly outlining the beautiful wind on both sides of Xin 'anjiang River.