history
The record of Zongzi in history was first seen in Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in Han Dynasty. The word "Zongzi" is written as "Yi", and there is "Shuo Wen Jie Zi Xin Fu"? 6? "1 rice part" means "reed leaves cover rice." In terms of rice, it is squeaky. "Shuo Wen"? 6? 1 Ba ":"Hey, astringent. "When a bird flies, it will fold its legs and claws." 6? 1 send rhyme: "Hey, the angle is also. Or jiaozi. "
Zongzi, also known as "crossing toes", was first recorded in the local custom of the Western Jin Dynasty: "On the fifth day of midsummer, Fang Bo is extremely harmonious. Enjoy the corn tortoise scale in Shunde. Note: the end is also the beginning, which means the fifth day of May. Sizhong is Fang Bo. The custom of May 5th is very heavy, just like the solstice in summer. ● (Same as "duck"), Chunfu chicken can be eaten during the summer solstice. First, the first two festivals are one day, then glutinous rice is wrapped with leaves, mixed with millet and cooked with pure ash juice. The second festival is still good. ..... wrapped in glutinous rice, a' glutinous rice' and a' corn millet' cover up the image that Yin and Yang are still wrapped around the package. "
It is clearly recorded in Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty that millet is wrapped in leaves and cooked into food in the shape of sharp horns or palm leaves, so it is called "horn millet" or "zongzi".
After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, zongzi were mostly wrapped in glutinous rice, so they were called zongzi instead of millet.
folklore
Since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there has been a folk saying that Zongzi originated from the folk memorial to Qu Yuan.
Wu Jun of the Southern Dynasty (467-520) wrote in Continued Harmony: "Qu Yuan died in Miluo on May 5th, and the Chu people mourned. Every day, rice is stored in bamboo tubes and sacrificed in water. During the military construction of Han Dynasty, Changsha returned to Europe. During the day, I suddenly saw a man who called himself Dr. San Lv. He said, "You should see this sacrifice. Very kind. But it is often stolen by the bitter dragon. If there is any benefit today, you can put neem leaves on it and tie it with colored silk. These two things are also afraid of dragons. "Back to him. The world uses five-color silk and neem leaves to make zongzi, all of which are gurgling. "
There is also a saying that people are afraid that Qu Yuan's body will be eaten by fish in the river, so they wrap up Zongzi and throw it into the river to feed the fish.
The view that Zongzi is associated with Qu Yuan is widely circulated because of its romanticism. Zongzi often appears in literati's poems.
Yuan Zhen wrote in "Ten Summer Poems": "The colorful clouds are continuous, and the fragrant white jade beads."
In Song Dynasty, Yang Wuxia wrote in Qi Tianle Dragon Boat Festival: "Spare a few Huang Meiyu. It is noon again. Corn is covered with gold, calamus is full of jade, and the scenery is still beautiful. Shirt Ai Hu. Zhu Fu has more curly hair and red thunder on his arm. Float powder and fragrant cotton, call the fan noon window. "
The interesting story of zongzi
The oldest zongzi is Xi 'an's honey cold zongzi, which is included in Tang Wei Juyuan's cookbook. It is characterized by using glutinous rice without stuffing, cooking it, cooling it, drawing it into thin slices with silk thread when eating it, and pouring honey and yellow osmanthus sauce-white sugar pickled osmanthus sauce.
The largest zongzi, Darou Zongzi, is produced in Nanning, Guangxi, each weighing about two kilograms. There are fat pork and mung beans inside, which are soft, sticky and not greasy.
The smallest zongzi is found in Shanghai City God Temple, Green Wave Gallery and Lake Pavilion. About an inch long, shaped like a pillow, filled with ham, small and fresh; Huting thinks tea and food are great.
Zongzi genre
Zongzi in the north is mostly simple white rice or mixed with red beans, dates and sugar.
Zongzi in Jiangnan is the most famous and complicated, especially the stuffing, which is ever-changing. A big difference with the northern rice dumplings is that the glutinous rice raw materials of Jiangnan rice dumplings are mostly soaked in soy sauce in advance and steamed with meat stuffing, which is fragrant.
China's Zongzi is the most famous one in Jiaxing, south of the Yangtze River. Jiaxing Zongzi enjoyed a high reputation as early as the Qing Dynasty. Food books record the types and practices of Jiaxing zongzi;
Bamboo Dumplings: "Take bamboo leaves and wrap them in white glutinous rice dumplings and cook them. The tip is like a cut raw water chestnut. "
"Ai Xiang Zongzi": "The glutinous rice is washed clean, wrapped with dates, chestnuts and mung beans, and boiled in a pot."
Mint-flavored Zongzi: "Mint soaked in rice and steamed until soft, mixed with foreign sugar and wrapped in glutinous rice."
"Red bean paste jiaozi": "Red bean paste, sugar, fat oil, cooked in a small jiaozi."
"Lotus Stuffed jiaozi": "Peel the heart, mix the foreign sugar and wrap the steamed buns."
"Songren Zongzi": "Little Zongzi without a purse"
Jiaozi of Ham: "Put jiaozi in the ham. If the ham is Jinhua, the fine fertilizer should be uniform. Also, diced meat can be wrapped in jiaozi. "
Among Jiaxing Zongzi, Wufangzhai is the most famous. Jiaozi, the fresh meat of Jiaxing Wufangzhai, is supplied in all seasons. They divided it into four pieces with chopsticks. Each piece looks like meat, fragrant and moist, crisp and tender, fat and waxy but not greasy. Huzhou's oldest zongzi, good at sand washing and sweet zongzi. It is not uncommon to fill them with bean paste and diced meat. What is rare is that the red bean paste is washed and shelled, and then fried with sugar, cooked lard and rose juice until it is dark and bright. This red bean paste is delicious, moist, fine and smooth.
Zongzi shape
Because of different regions, the material and even the shape of the "wrap" are very different. For example, people used horns to worship the sky in the early days, so in the Han and Jin Dynasties, zongzi was mostly made into horns as one of the products of ancestor worship. In addition, there are regular triangles, regular quadrangles, pointed triangles, squares, long strips and so on.