There are only two original and authoritative records about Li Bai's life experience. One is the preface of Caotang Collection written by Li Bai's later uncle (from uncle) and Xuanzhou Dangtu county magistrate Li, and the other is the epitaph written by Xuancuochi and other state observers Fan for Li Bai. All Li Bai's biographies in later generations are based on this without exception. However, these two records are vague and full of loopholes, which makes people suspicious. Li's Preface to the Collection of Caotang: "Li Bai, born in Longxi, is the grandson of Wu Liang and Zhao Haoqi. It's remarkable to be re-elected to your group. Innocent in the middle term, living in exile, changing his surname. However, from Qiong Chan to Shun, the seventh one was ordinary, and many years later he was not an obsidian. At the beginning of the dragon, he fled to Shu, meaning that Li Shu was born in Boyang. I was shocked to be late in the river, and Chang Geng fell asleep, so he was born with a white name and ethereal white characters. " Fan "Tang Zuo picks up the tombstone of Hanlin bachelor Li": "The public name is too white, the word is too white, and the first name is Longxi. It is difficult for families without children to find spies. Gong's granddaughter rummaged through the box and found that Gong's dead son Boqin had dozens of lines in his hand, and the paper was missing, so it was impossible to prepare it in detail. In fact, Liang's nine generations of grandchildren are also. How difficult it was in the last years of Sui Dynasty. One room is broken in the leaves, scattered and scattered, and its name is hidden. Therefore, since the country has come, it is compiled in the genus. At the beginning of the dragon, he sneaked back to Guanghan, because the overseas Chinese were from this county. Father and guest are named after the city, so they are named after the guest. Lying high in the clouds, not seeking official positions. The birth of the public, the first political monarch refers to heaven as a compound surname, and the first lady dreams of Chang Geng and is auspicious, with a salty name and words. " Second, Li should be the first, because this article was written in November of the first year of Yiyou Baoying, that is, in November of 762, Li Baixin died. Li Bai was demoted to Yelang in Xunyang prison for Wang Yong case, but was pardoned on the way and lived in Jiangnan. Later, he defected to his uncle, Li, then the county magistrate of Dangtu, and died in Dangtu. Fan is not only the son of Fan Lun, but also has a good family relationship with Li Bai, and he is also an official in Li Bais Tomb. In the twelfth year of Yuanhe (8 18), 56 years before Li Bai's death, he visited Li Bai's two granddaughters and moved Li Bai's grave. There are many doubts about savoring these two records. "It's hard to find a genealogy spy when you are alone", Li Bai has no genealogy; "How difficult it was in the last years of the Sui Dynasty. One room is broken in the leaves, and its name is hidden. " Li Baizu fled to the broken leaves at the end of Sui Dynasty; "At the beginning of the dragon, lurking in Guanghan, because overseas Chinese are from this county. Father and guest take the city as their guest name. " Li Bai's father Shenlong sneaked back in the early years, which was 705 years; When Li Bai was born, his father referred to the compound surname (Tian Zhiwei, avoiding the royal family "Li"). Both Li and Fan said that Li Bai's father was born after he sneaked back to Guanghan in the early years of Shenlong (705), but Li Bai claimed that he was born in 70 1 year, obviously after Li Bai's father gave birth to Li Bai in Broken Leaves. Li Bai was four years old when he sneaked back. How can I restore Li's birth surname? What's more, it was not Li's surname, and a compound surname actually made a country's surname! It is also said that Li Bai's ancestors fled to the broken leaves because of their conviction, and their names were hidden. What kind of accusations make them anonymous? Several generations later, Li Bai's father still wanted to "sneak back to Guanghan", and the word "sneak" made this accusation thrilling-even after so many years, the charges of his ancestors are still a huge shadow, and Li Bai's father still lives in the fear of being hunted down. And this father is even stranger. "Father and guest are named after the city, so they are named after the guest"-this is obviously a name change, because the guest lives in the place where he fled, so he changed his name with the word "guest". So what was his last name? No solution; Because later Li Bai was born with a compound surname. Li also said: "(ancestor Li Bai) was innocent in the middle period, lived in exile and changed his surname." What do you mean by "changing your surname to your first name"? The literal interpretation is to change the surname into the first name. What do you mean by "changing your surname to your first name"? At this point, a preface and an epitaph, written by a uncle and the son of an old friend who is very close to Li Bai, have turned Li Bai's life experience into a muddled account. It is also said that Li Bai, whose ancestral home is in Longxi, is the ninth grandson of Li Gui, the military king of Xiliang, and Li Gui is the sixteenth grandson of Li Guang. Guang's third son: Danghu, posthumous son Li Ling; Pepper, children have no burden; Dare, a daughter and a son, all serve the prince, the son of the prince is Yu, and the prince loses power. Someone falsely accused Li Yu of wanting to go to Liling to "die as a servant". However, after Li Ling surrendered to Xiongnu, Khan gave his surname Tuoba, and his surname was no longer Li. "The scholar-officials in Longxi are ashamed of Li", so the possible descendants of Li Guang's second and third sons are regarded as Li in Longyou; Even if the descendants of Li Ling later return to their ancestral homes, they will not be direct descendants of Li Ling. Just like Li Bai. So, there is no doubt that Li Guijia, who has always been an aristocrat in Hexi, must be a descendant of Li Guang's second and third sons. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty issued an imperial edict, declaring Li Gui as the ancestor: "Li, an imperial adviser in the temple, and others said that they would share the post of Queen Liang Wuzhao with me, and the inviter's genealogy remained the same ... Since then, Wang Sunbao of Liang Wuzhao has survived, and there are four families: General, Guzang, Dunhuang and Wuyang. For example, if Li Bai is indeed the grandson of Gui Li IX, and Li Longji is extremely lucky to Li Bai and is a "pro-spoon", why not admit it and transfer Li Bai to Zongzheng Temple? In the second year of Tianbao (743), Xuanzong first approved Li Bai's transfer to Zongzheng Temple, which was also included in the royal household registration management. Undoubtedly, Xuanzong's deep love opened the back door, because Li Bai had no genealogy to prove. Even so, in the Tang Dynasty, the royal family never made clear the blood relationship of Li Bai. Li Bai is a man who is keen on fame and fortune all his life. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), 33-year-old Li Bai began a life-long "business" career. The first target was Han Chaozong, then Jingzhou's long history and Xiangzhou's secretariat, and Shannan Dongdao interviewed the ambassador. For this mediocre bureaucrat, Li Bai claimed to be "a man in cloth in Longxi, living in Chu and Han." "Fifteen good swordsmanship, all dry princes; 30% articles, calendar to Qing Xiang. Although he is less than seven feet long, he is full of love. The monarchs, princes, princes, princes and princes are righteous, and then shamelessly said, "Knowing a gentleman pushes his heart into the belly of a sage, so he does not belong to others and is willing to commit himself to the country. If it is urgent and useful, dare to be effective "(with Han Jingzhou); But I regretted it right away. In the same year, Li Bai wrote "Xiangyang Song", pointing to Jingzhou in North Korea as "* * * peeling strawberry moss"; Later, he laughed at himself and said, "I admire Gaoguan Sword and Korea Jingzhou for a long time." I tried my best to downplay and beautify my inaction. In that case, why didn't Li Bai take the imperial examination? After all, this is the only chance for the ancient "Buyi" to get ahead. My good friend Guo, in the article Li Bai: An Orphan in the Tang Dynasty under the cloak of fallen immortals, has an incisive analysis: the mystery of life experience is fatal to Li Bai, and the biggest influence may be that Li Bai, who is keen on achieving fame and fortune, has to face the cruel reality that it is difficult to enter the imperial examination. According to the description of the imperial examination in Tang Yaohui and New Tang Book, the imperial examination in Tang Dynasty was generally held once a year, and all the candidates came from two sources: after passing the prescribed academic examination, those who were selected by various academic libraries in the central and local governments and sent to Shangshu Province were called students (such candidates accounted for the vast majority, and Tianbao repeatedly announced that Juren had to study in imperial academy before taking the examination, and rural tribute was prohibited); However, the election is not called hometown tribute by museums and scholars, and such candidates are listed in counties (New Tang Book Election Record). After the primary election, these candidates went to Beijing as candidates, and the first procedure to Kyoto was to report to Shangshu Province. Relevant institutions in Shangshu Province (household department) review the identity of candidates, and the required items include the family status of candidates. Family status is a table of family status written by candidates, including native place and three generations' names. According to the old system of five generations living under one roof, if parents and grandparents die and don't move to be buried, the head of the main family may not seek career promotion, otherwise, the promoters will also be held accountable. Therefore, the difficulty of Li Bai's situation can be imagined: Li Bai's ancestors were not officials with more than three grades, which determined that Li Bai could not enter a school like imperial academy and could not obtain the qualification of a student; Xianggong has only one way out. However, even rural tribute requires a clear family background. Li Bai's father "sneaked back to Guanghan", and his grandfather and great-grandfather must have died in another country. What about moving and burying? A trivial family matter is a natural disaster for Li Bai, and no one dares to vouch for Li Bai. Li Bai, a genius of heaven, lost at the starting line like this! It is not the shadow of a legitimate citizen, but the first half of Li Bai's life. Li Bai's national and social orientation of the "three noes" made him shout out a true accusation: "It's not that I gave up the world, but that the world gave up me!" Therefore, Li Bai said bitterly, "The road is as vast as the blue sky, but there is no way out before my eyes!" " It's just what Mr. Wolong said before he made a fortune. It can't be true. Li Bai's disdain for being an official seems to be the necessity of historical issues and the necessity of worshipping systems and rules. The infinite grievances and deep troubles in Li Bai's heart have just become an ignorant sentence in the history of later literature: Li Bai disdains to take the imperial examination. The word "disdain" wiped out all the grievances and troubles of Li Bai, and Li Bai's endless unspeakable secrets were gently washed away by later literary historians.