The word "new culture movement" is very popular in our society now. What is the content of the new culture? If you don't understand it, will it be in danger of being abused because of misunderstandings and shortcomings? These are all things that we who are in favor of the new culture movement should pay attention to! To ask what the new culture movement is, we must first ask what the "new culture" is; To ask what a new culture is, we must first ask what a "culture" is. Culture belongs to the military, politics (referring to actual politics), and political philosophy should still belong to culture. The content of culture includes science, religion, morality, literature, art, music and other sports. Science has two meanings: natural science in a narrow sense and social science in a broad sense. Social science uses natural science methods in all social and personnel knowledge, such as sociology, ethics, history, law, economics, etc. Everything studied and explained by natural science methods is considered as science; This is the greatest utility of science. We in China never know anything other than natural science, but we also have scientific authority. Never understand knowledge other than natural science, but also accept the baptism of science; I never knew that no other kind of culture should be imported into our East except natural science. If you don't know China's knowledge, you will be baptized by science. We should correct past mistakes, not only advocate natural science, but also study and explain all knowledge (including national heritage), strictly abide by scientific methods, and avoid delusions and nonsense in the dark. There are two ominous voices in the new culture movement: first, science is useless, so we should pay attention to philosophy; Second, westerners are now inclined to oriental culture. Politicians and capitalists in various countries have certainly done a lot of evil by using science, but this is not the evil of science itself; Science is useless. I don't know where to start with this sentence. Needless to say, we need science in material life; It is dangerous to leave science even in spiritual life. Although philosophy can not be achieved by copying all kinds of scientific achievements, it is a philosophy that does not need scientific methods to study and explain. I don't know what monster it is! Dr Dewey is now giving a lecture on "Three Modern Philosophers" in Beijing: one is James of America, the other is Bergson of France, and the other is Russell of England. They are all philosophers representing modern thoughts. The first two are based on psychology, and the latter is based on mathematics, and there is no one that does not adopt scientific methods. When thinking, keeping the scientific method is thinking, and not keeping the scientific method is the poet's imagination or fool's delusion. Imagination and delusion are very different from thought. Philosophy is a knowledge about ideas, and we can talk about philosophy without science. So now there are a group of young people who drag the philosophers of Zhou and Qin Dynasties, such as Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Ye Hui, Kant and Hegel together for a while and say something stupid, so they pretend to be philosophers. This is not a monster. What is it? Of course, we can't be satisfied with western culture, but we know more about eastern culture. Everyone knows its effect, but we are ashamed and disgusted, so we don't brag about it. Westerners may have several chic and antique gentlemen who leaned over to him curiously; Maybe some smooth people use this to entertain local politicians in the East, thinking that they only know these words; Maybe someone deliberately said this to cater to the psychology of ordinary corrupt people; However, young people who advocate the new culture movement must not be misled by such nonsense. If we combine the two delusions of "the futility of science" and "westerners tend to orient culture", it will be a great crisis of the new culture movement! Religion occupies a large part in the old culture and is naturally indispensable in the new culture. People's behavior and actions are entirely due to external stimuli and internal reactions. Sometimes, although there are external stimuli, there is no internal reaction, and the method of reaction can be guided by knowledge. The real reaction is instinctive emotional impulse. The instinctive emotional impulse that guided him made him strong, sincere and noble, and his sense of reason and moral justice was not as strong as that of art, music and religion. If knowledge and instinct don't develop together, human nature can't fully develop. Therefore, James is not opposed to religion, and any realist who has practical needs in society should not oppose it. Because if society still needs religion, it is useless for us to oppose it. Only by advocating better religions to meet this demand can we replace less good religions. It's really useful. Russell was not against religion either. He predicted a new religion in the future. I think the new religion is a new religion without a solid foundation, except for the unscientific superstition attached to the old religious legends. Some people think that religion is heteronomy; Can we, like art and music, expand our knowledge theory and guide our feelings without other forces? Some people think that religion has only relative value, but no absolute value. What has absolute value in the world? Nowadays, people who advocate the new culture movement do not attach importance to art and music, and they also oppose religion. They don't know what kind of mechanical state human life will be. This is a complete ignorance of the origin of our life activities, which is a big mistake. I was the first person to admit my mistake. We are dissatisfied with the old morality. Because the scope of filial piety is too narrow. It's too cunning to say that love has equal difference and give it to parents. It is to realize the ideal world in which each of them is close to each other and grows together. At that time, I'm afraid social disputes will be more serious; Therefore, the ideal of modern morality is to expand family filial piety into the friendship of the whole society. Now a group of young people have misunderstood this meaning. Instead of spreading love to society, he abandoned his loving and poor mother under the banner of new ideas and new family. Didn't such people misunderstand the significance of the New Culture Movement? Because the new culture movement advocates teaching people to expand love, not to narrow it. Easy to understand is an element of new literature, not all elements. People who welcome vernacular Chinese now are mostly because vernacular Chinese is easy to understand; Many people who advocate vernacular Chinese only focus on being easy to understand. Literature, art and music are all manifestations of the highest spiritual realm of mankind. If the vernacular is only easy to understand and does not pay attention to the value of literature, it can only be regarded as popular literature and does not deserve to be called new literature, which is also a misunderstanding that is easy to occur in the New Culture Movement. It goes without saying that schools, societies and families in Europe and America are full of the fun of art and music. Even the music, art, sports and entertainment of Japanese society and individuals are not as dry and tasteless as our life in China. Some people are against women going into temples to burn incense and against young people going to the New World. I don't think so; Because for them, it is better to burn incense and visit the new world than to shoot sparrows. Mr. Wu Zhihui said: "There are three major forces in China, one is Confucius, the other is Master Guan, and the other is Mr. Ma. I thought Mr. Ma had more power than Kong Guan. Not only do more people believe in him than those who believe in Kong Guan, but they also really believe in him. Unlike those who believe in Confucius, most of them are cosmetic. Usually, the boundaries between men and women are very strict, and only the strength of Teacher Ma can make them fool around. I don't object that they believe this Mr. Ma, although it is evil; Because for them, fighting sparrows is better than smoking opium. Why do opium smoke and sparrows have such power that we are reduced to the present situation? This is not an accident, it is not a simple and easy problem to solve, and it is not an effective way to persuade people not to smoke and play cards. Smoking and playing cards also have their own reasons; Because we China people don't have music, fine arts and all kinds of sports and entertainment in our society and family, if we don't smoke and play cards, wouldn't the capitalists be idle and the workers suffocated? So in the end, someone objected to Zheng's painting of women, which I think is unnecessary; Some people object to the store playing ten gongs and drums in the New Year, I don't think it is necessary; Some people object to the big stage and the toad stage, but I don't think it is necessary. The artistic music that expresses the highest emotions of human beings reached the stage of female painting, ten-faced gongs and drums and Pi Chun drama in the late Zheng Dynasty. Of course, we should shout for the oriental culture that West Renye Fang tends to come to. But without these things, if our national culture even lost the seeds of art and music, it would be even more tragic! Therefore, Mr. Cai Yumin once said: "The New Culture Movement must never forget aesthetic education. "A few days ago, my friend Zhang Shenfu also wrote to me:" Religion should preach the unspeakable highest emotion of human beings (Russell called it "spirit"), and I'm afraid there will be new religions in the future. But art also expresses the highest feelings of human beings (Rodin said: "Beauty is the expression of the best things people have, and art is to seek this beauty". That's what it means). Moreover, religion is partial to instinct and art is partial to knowledge, so art can replace religion and conform to modern psychology. There is no art in China now, which is terrible. This is the most deadly injury. Society is not interested in art, so society is dry, and everything is not interested in art, so everything is dry; What causes people's highest emotions? If China lacks knowledge, you can borrow it from the west. But if there is a lack of art, it must be created by the people in this place themselves. The misunderstandings and shortcomings in various new cultural movements have been briefly mentioned above; In addition, there are three points to pay attention to: the new culture movement should pay attention to group activities. The American envoy said that China people are not organized, but I think it is the lack of public interests that makes them not organized. Envy and exclusive selfishness are similar to human beings. Westerners are not better than China people; However, they have the ability to maintain the public mentality of the group, so they pay attention to organizational skills, unlike China people. China people lack public interests above all else and are purely selfish, so there are no more than ten people who do not conflict with politics, business, industry and academia. A group that has not been separated for three or five years. Recently, there have been numerous student movement infighting, which is far from the political struggle between North and South. If the New Culture Movement can't give full play to public interests, organize group activities and create new collective strength, it will fail after all, or have little effect. China people lack public interests, because the whole city is too developed in familism. Some people say that individualism hinders the public's mind, but this is actually wrong. The 80-year-old man, half deaf and half blind, has to work hard to become an official and make a fortune. Buying land is simply making cattle and horses for children and grandchildren. Individualism is by no means like this. Traitors and thieves who take bribes and bend the law are not just enjoying themselves. Many of them are misers, scrimping and saving. Therefore, I think it is not individualism that steals the public interests of China people, but the individual rights and social welfare of China people are victims of their families. Everyone sweeps his own snow, regardless of the frost on other people's tiles. These two sentences describe that the family in China is really full without any selfish departmentalism. The new culture movement should pay attention to the creative spirit. Creation is evolution, and constant evolution in the world is just constant creation. Without creation, there is no evolution. We are not only dissatisfied with the old culture, but also with the new culture. They are not only dissatisfied with eastern culture, but also with western culture. There is room for creation only if you are not satisfied. We can be unprecedented, but we can't be the next one. Of course, we want to be better than our father and worse than our son. The new culture movement should influence other movements. The new culture movement affects the military, and it is best to stop the war. Secondly, we should ask him to be a friend of the new culture movement, not an enemy. The New Culture Movement has an impact on industry, so workers should be made aware of their status and capitalists should treat workers as the same kind of people, not machines, horses, cows and slaves. The New Culture Movement influenced politics in order to create new political ideals, rather than being bound by political reality. For example, China's real politics, legal protection and reunification are all boring politicians without food. They have nothing to do with people's lives and political ideals, but politicians of all factions compete with soldiers of all factions for power and profit, just like dogs fighting for bones. They are fighting for the movement of dogs, and the new culture movement is the movement of people; We should only use people's sports to distract the dog's sports, and should not abandon our people's sports to join their dog's sports.