Chapter 1 Planetary Earth 1 Earth in the universe 1, celestial system level: extragalactic galaxy/total galaxy → solar system → earth-moon system 2. The eight planets in the solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune from near to far. The earth is a special planet because there are creatures on it. 4. Basic conditions of life on earth: external conditions include the stable illumination of the sun and the safe orbit of the earth; Self-condition: (1) The mass and volume of the earth are moderate, so there is an atmosphere suitable for biological respiration around the earth; (2) Due to the moderate distance between the sun and the earth and the weakening and insulation of the earth's atmosphere, there is a moderate temperature on the earth; (3) There is liquid water on the earth (which can form an ocean). 2 the influence of the sun on the earth 1, solar radiation is the main energy of the earth, it can maintain the surface temperature, and it is the main driving force to promote the activities and changes of water, atmosphere and biology on the earth. It can affect human production and life, provide fossil fuels such as coal and oil, and also form other forms of energy through artificial transformation. 2. Signs of solar activity include sunspots and flares. When the solar activity is intense, magnetic storms and auroras can be formed, which will interrupt short-wave radio communication and induce natural disasters such as floods, droughts and earthquakes. The motion of the earth is 1. The rotation direction of the earth is from west to east. If the rotation period is about 24 hours based on the sun, it is called a solar day; If a star far away from the earth is taken as the reference object, it is about 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds, which is called sidereal day. 2. The revolution direction of the earth is from west to east, and its period of revolution is about 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes 10 second, which is called one-week year. 3. Due to the rotation of the earth, the phenomenon of (1) alternation of day and night is formed; (2) When there are different places at different longitudes, that is, the eastern time is earlier than the western time; (3) Formation of geostrophic deflection force, that is, horizontally moving objects tilt to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. 4. Draw the direct light and the termination line on the blank map, and mark the direct point and the night hemisphere to indicate the rotation direction of the earth. 5. The included angle between the earth's revolution and its rotation orbit is called ecliptic angle, and its size is 23 26'. 6. Due to the existence of the ecliptic angle, the direct point of the sun moves north and south, as well as the change of the length of day and night, the change of the altitude angle of the sun at noon and the change of the four seasons. 7. The straight sun point moves north and south: June 22 (solar term: summer solstice), and the straight sun point is located in the Tropic of Cancer; On September 23 (solar term: autumnal equinox), the direct point of the sun is at the equator; 65438+February 22 (solar term: winter solstice), the direct point of the sun is located in the tropic of Capricorn; On March 2 1 day (solar term: vernal equinox), the direct point of the sun is located at the equator;

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