Shidayuan, also known as Zunmeitang and Yangliuqing Museum, is located in Xiqing District, Tianjin. In mid-August, I came to Yangliuqing, a thousand-year-old town in Xiqing District, which is very famous in North China. As soon as I entered the gate, I saw the blue brick floor, neat and clean. Look carefully, the materials are exquisite and the workmanship is fine. Courtyard, bedroom living room, living room, theater, Buddhist temple racecourse, brick carving, wood carving, exquisite, brick carving, wood carving in various forms. The heating system and dehumidification design are similar to those of the Forbidden City. Founded in 1875, the main hall covers an area of more than 6,000 square meters. No matter the overall pattern, architectural style or artistic decoration, it reflects the cultural charm and folk customs of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.

Now it is Yangliuqing Folk Museum. Founded in 1875, covering an area of more than 6,000 square meters, it is composed of large and small courtyards with large scale and exquisite architecture. Known as the first house in North China. The courtyard faces south, 96 meters long from north to south and 62 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 6,080 square meters, including a construction area of more than 2,900 square meters. The whole building contains twelve courtyards, all of which are in a positive layout, with four nested courtyards, with courtyards in the courtyards, courtyards across the courtyards and courtyards in the courtyards. When you step into the gate of Shi Jia compound, the first thing you see is a long tunnel paved with green square bricks.

On the east side of the corridor, it used to be the living quarters of the Shi family, but now it is the exhibition area, displaying the representative works and brick carvings of Yangliuqing woodcut New Year pictures. On the west side of the corridor are mainly flower halls, theaters, Buddhist temples and other buildings. It used to be a place where the Shi family met guests and friends, entertained themselves, recited scriptures and worshipped Buddha, and now it is turned into a master restoration exhibition area of the museum. The living room, the living room, has been restored according to the original furnishings. Separated from the living room by a wall is the theater, which is the largest residential theater in the north. It is elegant in shape, especially famous for its exquisite interior decoration, which makes the viewers stare. Out of the Buddhist temple, across a door to the west is the Tianjin Folk Exhibition Hall, where Yangliuqing kites, paper-cuts, flower party props and wedding customs with strong local folk customs are displayed. The interior and exterior eaves of compound buildings are decorated with exquisite materials, fine workmanship and various forms of brick carving and wood carving, which are common works in Jingu rich houses in Qing Dynasty.

The courtyard has a collection of famous Yangliuqing woodcut New Year pictures at home and abroad, as well as works of advanced calligraphers. And Tianjin brick carvings with the characteristics of ancient buildings in China, with over 30 outstanding works/kloc-0. Brick carving, commonly known as brick carving, is the decorative art of ancient architecture, which is unique and has made great achievements. In addition, clay figurine Zhang Caisu, folk paper-cutting, Yangliuqing kite, folk flower show props, folk display and so on fully reflect the architectural style of Shiyuan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. It is worth mentioning that the municipal theater in Shi Jia Courtyard is the largest residential theater in northern China.

During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty (1723 1735), the ancestors of the Shi family came to Tianjin from Shandong to manage ships. In the fifty years of Qianlong (1785), Shi Zhong settled in Yangliuqing from the beginning, and his son Shi Wancheng was quite good at business and gradually became rich. By the time Shi Xianting, the son of Shi Wancheng, the Shi family had changed from generation to generation, but it had a prosperous population and a great family. In the third year of Daoguang (1827), Shi Xianting's sons separated according to their father's will and made their own names. Because the eldest son was early, the second son established Fushantang; Laoshisan Li Baoqing Ermen Steamed Face Soup; There are three tin halls in the Old Four Stone Tombs; Shi Baoheng, the fifth bachelor, set up four doors of Zunmei Hall. Among the descendants of Fushantang, Zhengliantang and Tianxitang, although there are also diligent and enterprising operators, most of them are dude, eating, drinking, and living a parasitic life. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Sanmen family had declined one after another. As a branch of Zunmeitang, Shi Baoheng's eldest son history was promoted in the scientific research in the eleventh year of Xianfeng (186 1), and he was a doctor of the Ministry of Industry. However, he took office in the name of his father, brother and children, and turned to the management of family business. His business was booming and his assets increased greatly. In the 10th year of Guangxu (1884), Shi yuanshi county presided over Zunmei Hall after Shi Yuan Jun. He not only pays attention to the accumulation of family property, but also is good at expanding political power. Shi Yuanshi made great efforts to make friends with powerful people, and his children mostly married Tianjin officials. His wife was the niece of Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), Eight-Nation Alliance invaded, and Shi Yuanshi took the lead in setting up a branch office in his hometown, which saved this place from many disasters. As a result, it was appreciated by the Qing government, received by Li Hongzhang and Cixi successively, and was awarded four titles, and was elected as a member of Tianjin National Assembly and Board of Directors, thus establishing the social status of landlords, bureaucrats and capitalists.

In the seventh year of the Republic of China (19 18), Shi yuanshi county celebrated his seventieth birthday. Shi Fu received friends, invited guests, and held a big birthday party, which was extremely luxurious. Unexpectedly, in the second year, Ishihara had gangrene on his back, and he was extremely weak and died soon. The scale of its funeral is unprecedented in Yangliuqing area, and the financial cost is immeasurable. Coupled with years of war, people living in poverty, the business of Shi Jia family went from bad to worse, it was difficult to collect land rent, and the declining trend began to appear. After the death of Shi Yuanshi, his family left the old house of Zunmeitang and all moved to Tianjin to settle down. In 29 years (1940), Mrs Shi yuanshi county passed away. Because of her family's extraordinary influence, the funeral must be carried out in a big way, which made her family business even more devastated and had to live in debt. By 1948, on the eve of Tianjin liberation, most of Zunmeitang's houses had been sold to others.

1June, 987, the people's government of Xiqing District listed Zunmeitang Mansion as a district-level cultural relic (commonly known as Shi Jia Courtyard), which was protected and funded for restoration. With the support of relevant units in Tianjin and the joint efforts of engineers and technicians, it took 6 years and invested 5.6 million yuan to finally complete the restoration work. From 65438 to 0992, Shi Jia Courtyard was opened to the public as Yangliuqing Museum, which belongs to Tianjin cultural relics protection unit.

Shi Jia has a large courtyard. Length 100 meters, width 70 meters, covering an area of more than 6,000 square meters, including a building area of more than 2,000 square meters. There are 278 houses, which are the best preserved and largest residential buildings in the late Qing Dynasty in China. The architecture is elegant and luxurious, the brick carving and wood carving are exquisite and delicate, and the interior furnishings are full of people's feelings. Known as "the first house in Jinxi".

Entering the north gate of Shi Jia Courtyard from Appraisal Street, you can see a long tunnel at a glance. This is the central axis of the whole building complex. On both sides of the aisle, there are five doors side by side, 10 quadrangle. There are also apartments where servants live around. From south to west, there is a moon gate and a shadow wall, facing the street by the river.

On the west side of the corridor is Wujin quadrangle. From north to south, the first courtyard is the internal finance room and the north living room. At present, there are still a pair of lion-shaped rocks lying in the groove of white marble in the courtyard. The second, third and fourth courtyards are the Shi family's living area and female living room. The fifth yard is the south study room. At that time, a private school was set up, and the house was full of books. The east corridor has a kitchen, a lower room, a carport, a stable and a nursing home for male and female servants.

Wujin quadrangle on the west side of the tunnel, the first courtyard from north to south is the north living room and Buddhist temple, and the south is the big hanging flower gate, with the most exquisite wood carving. Usually, this door is not open, only dignitaries take this door. Most people only take the small doors on both sides. The second courtyard is a gallery courtyard, and the south is the Yuanyang Hall. The third courtyard is the theater, the south living room. Ishihara sang a concert here on his birthday, which is the largest theater in the northern dwellings. Famous Peking Opera artists Sun Juxian and Tan Xinpei once performed here. To the south of the Fourth Hospital is a greenhouse dedicated to receiving distinguished guests. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Stone Family set up a branch here, colluding with the government and foreigners to suppress the Boxer Rebellion. The North Hall is a place where antique calligraphy and painting are displayed. At the beginning of liberation, Liu and Zhang were shot for corruption. Beyond the Moon Gate is the fifth courtyard, with an external financial office and a large screen wall. The screen wall is inlaid with animal brick carvings. The screen wall faces the front door.

All the buildings in Shi Jia Courtyard are exquisite in materials and fine in workmanship. Grind brick joints, draw carved beams, divide flowers into fans, and paint in red ink. It is said that a stone drum with a column door and a nine-lion pattern is worth 500 taels of silver. Two craftsmen spent a year carving the crouching pit of the Eight Immortals in Erdaomen. Architectural design is meaningful. For example, from south to north, the portal gradually rises, which means "step by step". And each door has three stone steps, which means "going up three steps". At the junction of the front eaves and gables, a bluestone extends from the gables to the courtyard walls, which is different from other houses and symbolizes the rise of the "stone" family. Brick and wood stone carvings that decorate buildings can be seen everywhere, and each pattern also has a story meaning. Such as brick carvings "Feng Dan Chaoyang" and "Ping Sheng San Guan" (carved screen with three halberds). And all kinds of carved works of art are similar. The west side of the tunnel has now become the "Stone House Restoration Exhibition" area. This is the place where Si Tong's family meets guests, entertains, recites scriptures and worships Buddha. Luxurious decoration and furnishings. There are four woodcarving screens, which are called national treasures. At that time, the salary was 1200 taels of silver, and one flower and one leaf was 6 taels of silver. Exquisite indoor equipment. There is a heating tunnel under the living room. In winter, 200 Jin of charcoal is burned in the stove outside the wall every day to provide indoor and underground heat.

Shi Jia Siheyuan embodies profound national culture and simple and natural folk customs. Next time, if you have the opportunity to go to Tianjin, after visiting the Ancient Culture Street, Quanyechang Street and Food Street, you can also come here to see why Zunmeitang is now called Yangliuqing Museum. On the one hand, some local folk customs are exhibited in the museum. On the other hand, it has been turned into an anti-corruption education base. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liu Qingshan and Zhang Zishan, former leaders of Tianjin prefectural party committee, worked here, but were shot for corruption, which shocked the whole country. The execution of Liu and Zhang has affected the political life of our country for decades, and the popularity of the compound has also increased.