Liu jingyun
At the beginning of September, I heard that there was a mausoleum of Emperor Yao in Gaotang Garden, and several classmates and old friends asked me to go with them. Gaotangyuan is my hometown, and Yao Diling is one of the key projects to study regional culture after I retired from Hua Wei Uprising Memorial Hall. Of course, I'll do my best and readily agree.
One day, just after the rain, the weather was fine, there were a few white clouds floating in the blue sky, and the air was fresh and humid. This is really a good time for cross-country sightseeing. Early in the morning, we got up and went on the road, passing through the scenic spot of Hua Wei Uprising Memorial Hall and the bustling streets of Gaotang Ancient Town, all the way to the west, and entered Dongyang area (the original township) of Gaotang Town, Huazhou District, Weinan City. Not far away, turn sharply to the south, pass through several villages, shine at the moment on a high slope, and the majestic Qinling Mountains come head on. From far and near, from small to large, among them, surrounded by mountains, unique peaks with neat cones and green bodies gradually appear in front of us. It is the place where we are going today, the Mausoleum of Yao Emperor in Baohua Mountain.
Baohuashan, formerly known as Jizishan. Legend has it that he was a hill formed when Emperor Yao boarded the main peak of Chongshan when he visited Huafeng Land by "Dragon Horse". Because it is located between two peaks in Huang Lu's Yukou, it is like a cock crowing with its head held high, also known as Jiming Mountain. Now there is a platform on the mountainside, called horseshoe ping, which is the horseshoe print left by Tianlong pony. (See the local myth of "three mountains together")
The legend is not credible, but it may also be a spectacle caused by the earthquake. But at this point, Emperor Yao and Jiming Mountain formed an indissoluble bond.
In addition, according to the theory of "correspondence between man and nature", everyone on earth has a constellation in the sky and its correspondence, which is called a star. Eta, the big dipper's tail Ursa major, corresponds to Emperor Yao, also known as "Yao Guangxing". On the Dragon Boat Festival of Emperor Yao's birthday every year, the Big Dipper turns to the direction of Jizi Mountain. At midnight, the star Eta Ursa is facing the top of ji zi. It is for this reason that Emperor Yao "teaches eight virtues in the north and dies." Later, Shun Di chose this land of geomantic omen to bury Emperor Yao. In order to show dignity, the name of this mountain was changed to Baohua Mountain, and it was called Baohua Mountain-Yao Diling.
It is said that the altitude of ji zi is1.200m, with a relative height difference of more than 600 meters, covering an area of 1000 mu. He is called the "Oriental Pyramid" in the astronomical calendar. However, unlike the pyramids in Egypt, they are made of stone. When in Rome, do as the Romans do, and his body is covered with loess. The soil is thick and fertile, and the pine and cypress trees growing on the hillside are deep-rooted, thick and tall. In the cold winter, the surrounding hills are brown and bare, but he is lush, green and unique. Every time the sun sets, the summer light shines, and the golden light of Qian Shan is shining, which is a sacred sight of the emperor's mausoleum. He sat south and north, commanding. It is backed by the rolling Qinling Mountains, spanning 800 miles of Qinchuan, surrounded by Tao Tao and Weishui, and close to fertile fields. Things are human beings, outstanding people, and together with heaven, earth and people, they occupy a treasure trove of geomantic omen.
From the map of Shaanxi Province, he and Yao Di's father are in Heyang's mausoleum, facing each other symmetrically across the Weihe River, full of affection between father and son. It is also arranged in congruent triangles with Yandi Mausoleum in Baoji and Huangdi Mausoleum in Qiao Shan, which shows the important position of Yao Di in the ancestors of the Chinese nation. Liu Bowen, a famous figure in the Ming Dynasty, said, "Dragons are noble, and water surrounds the mountains and seas. My ancestral home is full of bells, so you should pay attention to the auspicious words of "Spring in Ten Thousand Years".
Speaking of the formation of Yao Diling's tall mausoleum in Baohua Mountain, there is also a magical legend. Before Yao was buried, the mountain was not tall, majestic and neat. Because Yao Di worked hard and served the people wholeheartedly, he made great contributions to the world. When he heard the news of Yao Di's death, everyone was sad and cried loudly, which touched the world. The upper bound sent two immortals down to earth. Overnight, the slopes on both sides of the mountain landslide at the same time, squeezing and folding at the top of ji zi, and the Qifeng protruding, burying Emperor Yao's coffin in it, forming a neat, tall and majestic shape today.
Hearing about ji zi, Baohua Mountain, Yao Diling and these magical legends, my friends suddenly increased their trip, crossed the mountain stream and climbed to the top of the mountain along the eighteen winding paths on the north slope. The hillsides on both sides of the road are covered with tall and straight white pine and Tian Zi, especially the rare white pine at the northern foot of Qinling Mountain, which is unique to the imperial mausoleum, showing the dignity of the Yaochi Mausoleum in Baohua Mountain. When we reached the mountainside, we saw a platform, which is the legendary horseshoe flat. It is said that there is also an article temple, which is a place for worshippers to rest and for scholars to write poems. When we reached the top of the mountain, we were presented with an acre of square platform. I heard that there are more than 20 temples, such as Yaodi Temple, Guandi Temple, Niangniang Temple, Hei Hu Cave, Bell and Drum Tower and Stargazing Platform. Now all the buildings have disappeared, leaving only piles of bricks and rubble, telling people about the glory here.
According to ancient records, Emperor Yao was the fourth of China's ancestors "Five Emperors" and the son of Di Ku (the third of the Five Emperors). Mother Chen, her real name. "Naturally intelligent, morally pure, gentle and tolerant, honest and respectful, respectful and frugal, and distinguish between right and wrong." He was born in Dan Ling and grew up in his mother's family. /kloc-when he was 0/0 years old, he followed his father, first sealed in Tao, then sealed in Tang, and was called "Tao". /kloc-when he was 0/3 years old, his father died, and his brother inherited his father's business, and Yao assisted his brother in administration. Three years later, due to poor governance, Zhi resigned and abdicated. Yao was recommended by the minister of four prisons, and his brother became emperor. During his 70 years in office, he was "dedicated, thrifty, loyal, gentle, tolerant and generous, good at governing the world and radiant." The family is close and harmonious, coordinating the princes of all countries, making the people rich and the country strong. Everything is quiet. "At the age of 86, Yu Shun succeeded to the throne as a Zen virtuous and filial civilian, and jointly created a peaceful and prosperous world. However, he still does not forget the harmony and unity of all ethnic groups, the country is rich and strong, and he tirelessly preaches great virtues and educates people everywhere. Finally, he died of exhaustion on the road of "northern religion and eight virtues" at the age of 1 14.
? It is about Yao's ruling, distinguishing good from evil, making good use of people, observing the astronomical phenomena, marking the four seasons, establishing a calendar, promoting farming, making production develop, society progress harmoniously and benefiting the people. Deeply admired by the people, after the death of Emperor Yao, Shun Di buried Emperor Yao in Jizi Mountain according to "Fuxi innate gossip", astrological coordinate positioning and the funeral custom of simple burial nearby at that time. The people were shocked to hear the bad news of the death of the holy emperor, such as bereavement and thirst for eight tones for three years. And came from all directions to hold the soil and seal the tomb to show their respect. Later, precious tree species-Pinus bungeana and Tianzi were planted on the mountain. Bao Hua Palace and Yao Di Hall are both built at the foot of the mountain. Sacrificial activities are held in Tomb-Sweeping Day and Dragon Boat Festival every year. Especially during the Dragon Boat Festival, people worship during the day and stay up until midnight at night to watch the wonders of Etta Ursa facing the top of ji zi. Later, because the Dragon Boat Festival coincided with the midsummer in Guanzhong, Longkou grabbed food and the sacrificial activities were changed to the slack season. The 18th and 19th days of the first lunar month are designated as temple fairs, and mass cultural activities are held to offer sacrifices to sages and inherit Chinese civilization. Later, with the changes of society, Buddhism was introduced into China, and Taoism rose. Many temples were built on the top of the mountain, which gradually evolved into the holy land of Taoism and Buddhist religious activities, and became famous far and wide.
Confucius, the great educator and founder of Confucianism, praised Yao Di's achievements with the best words: "Great! Yao is the king. Hu Wei! Only the sky is great and only Yao is great. Swing! People can't name names. Hu Wei! This is a success. Hoo hoo! There are articles on it. " China's earliest historical classic Shangshu compiled by him began with Yaodian. Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of People's Republic of China (PRC) and a great man, praised the great development of various undertakings after the founding of New China. There are pictures in the poem, and the spring breeze is bright, which is a prosperous time of 600 million China. Yao Shun became a model for the industrious and brave people of China. The praise of saints has made the lofty quality of Emperor Yao last forever in the long history of the development of the Chinese nation. The praise of great men added elegance to the glorious image of Emperor Yao. According to the latest historical and cultural research, Emperor Yao was an epoch-making figure in the history of the development of the Chinese nation after the Yellow Emperor unified China by force. He used "great virtue" to educate the people and promote national unity, social harmony and stability, and civilized development and progress. He is the leader who laid the foundation for the construction of spiritual civilization of the Chinese nation. As an important carrier of Yao culture, the Mausoleum of Yaodi has naturally become an important place for the general public to worship their ancestors, remember the great achievements of Yaodi and inherit the traditional culture and virtues of the Chinese nation. Through these activities, the fine quality and national spirit of the Chinese nation will be carried forward for a long time.
At the end of my yearning for Yao Di Mausoleum, my friends asked me a serious question, asking me what conclusions I had drawn after studying Yao Di Mausoleum and regional culture for more than ten years. I told my friends frankly that after more than ten years of reading ancient books, studying related archaeological excavation reports, conducting folk visits and field trips, and interacting with foreign counterparts, I think that "the legend of Yaodi in Baohua Mountain reflects the truth of history". The research paper has been published on the platform of Huazhou Literature and Art. This folk custom has been strictly examined, listed in the intangible cultural list, and announced by Weinan Municipal People's Government as a municipal intangible cultural heritage. The Huazhou District Government has included the protection of the Yao Mausoleum in Baohua Mountain and the construction of scenic spots in the planning project. It is believed that in the near future, the historical and cultural classics with the theme of Ling and Yao culture will form a historical patriotic education base with a long history, play a great role and contribute to the journey of boosting Chinese descendants to realize the "Chinese dream". This is exactly:
Paying homage to the mausoleum, if it is mentioned, will benefit a lot from making the past serve the present.
Strive to see the rejuvenation of China, and it will become a reality to strengthen the country and enrich the people.
September 6, 2020, in Huayin.