The death of Li Bai has always been controversial. Generally speaking, there are three ways to die: one is drunk, the other is sick, and the third is drowning. The first way to die is found in Old Tang Shu, which says that Li Bai "died of drunkenness in Xuancheng because of excessive drinking". Should be more credible. The second way to die can also be found in other official history or the textual research of experts and scholars, so it can't be believed. It is said that when Li Bai was in Dongzhen, Li Guangbi, he volunteered to kill the enemy regardless of his age of 6 1. He hoped to try his best to save the nation and survive in his later years, and returned home due to illness. He died in Dangtu County Magistrate and the most famous seal writer Li in the Tang Dynasty. The third law of death is more common in folklore, which is very romantic and conforms to the poet's character. Believe it or not, it is said that Li Bai was drinking on the Dangtu River and drowned because he jumped into the water drunk to catch the moon. But no matter which way you die, it is directly related to your participation in the rebellion and uprising in Lilin, Wang Yong. It is an indisputable fact that Li Bai exiled Yelang shortly after he was pardoned, ending his legendary and bumpy life. Looking at Li Bai's three ways to die, the author believes in Old Tang Shu. There are three reasons: first, because it is the official history compiled by later generations, if he is said to be "a martyr in his twilight years and full of courage" and "he died before he could conquer", it is impossible not to record it. Secondly, because Li Bai was addicted to alcohol all his life, he boasted that "the sober people in the old days forgot all the sages, and only the drinkers left their names" and "five flowers and golden flowers and golden autumn, and gave them to the boy for good wine". It is understandable and acceptable that people are old and weak and drink too much to die. Thirdly, he died in Xuancheng, Anhui, not Dangtu, because Li Bai had a special liking for Xuancheng all his life, and he mentioned it many times in his poems. And his preference for Xuancheng is only because Xie Tiao, whom he admired, was an official here. Li Bai and Uncle Dangtu ordered Li to preface the Collection of Caotang, saying, "It's not good to try string music in Dangtu. Don't dislike me in your spare time. I take care of you on a gondola. When I am in danger, I am in a hurry. I have thousands of drafts, and my hand set has not been repaired yet. I'll give you a short order on my pillow. " In the Tang Dynasty, Li Hua's Preface to the Epitaph of Hanlin Bachelor Li Jun said: "In the southeast of Gushu, there is a tomb of Tang Dynasty scholar Li Bai ... (Li Bai) was sixty-two years old and died in a swan song." Twenty-nine years after Li Bai's death, the Record of the Hanlin Bachelor in Tang Dynasty, written in the sixth year of Zhenyuan (79 1), also said: "Your name is white, and Tianbao will return to the mountain at the beginning. I swam here occasionally and died of illness because I was buried here. All white youths are famous for their poems. If they are hanged here, the desolate graves will be destroyed, their voices and voices will be remembered, and their sorrow will not stop. " The so-called "death from illness", "death has a dead song" and "death from illness" in ancient literature clearly tell people that Li Bai died of illness. Li Bai was addicted to alcohol all his life, because he was known as the "drunken fairy". When you play with Li Bai's poems, you can smell a strong smell of wine. The poet's "Into the Wine" has "Boil a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen my appetite, and make me drink for three hundred bowls!" . There is a saying that "Laugh till you get as drunk as a fiddler, and have fun all your life" in "To Jiang Yang for the Carving of Lu". "To Liu" has the saying that "four seats are all talked about, and a thousand sacrifices are made a day". "Xun Cen looks for what he sees, Yuan Danqiu treats wine with poetry and sees what he does", and there is a saying, "When you open your face and drink, you suddenly become drunk with joy". The third part of "Drinking the Moon Four Alone" is "I am drunk and lost the world, but I am so lonely that I don't know where I am, and I enjoy it the most". In this way, scholars naturally associate Li Bai's death with fatal drunkenness. Pi Rixiu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, once wrote in Li Hanlin's Poems: "I was threatened by corruption and drunk to the extreme." In other words, Li Bai was fatal because of drunkenness, and even the soul who ascended to heaven was drunk. Guo Moruo, a contemporary scholar, was inspired by the "threat theory" and studied and speculated from the medical point of view. He thought that Li Bai had traveled to Jinling when he was 6 1 year old, and traveled between Xuancheng and Liyang counties. Li Guangbi East Town is near Huaihe River, and Li Bai made up his mind to join the army. Unfortunately, he went to Jinling to get sick and returned halfway. This is the initial stage of hypochondriasis and should be regarded as empyema. A year later, Li Bai was recuperating in Dangtu, with chronic empyema and perforated chest wall, which was fatal due to "decay" and eventually died in Dangtu. How did Li Bai die? There have been stories of illness, drunkenness and drowning in history. According to the official history, the old Tang book said that he "died of drinking too much". The Book of the New Tang Dynasty only said that he was dead, not how he died. In the epitaph of Anthology, Li only said that he was "in a hurry" and did not say that he was dead. Li Hua only said that he "died a dying song" and didn't say why. Fan started by saying that he was "born here and died here", which means that he died in Dangtu. Liu said that he "swam here occasionally, so he died of illness", which means that he died of quarrying. Ji took notes and sang, "Tang Xianyan", the king of the Five Dynasties, said: "Li Bai swam in the Quarry River with a palace robe and was proud of himself. He died because he was drunk and caught the moon in the water" (see chronology). There is the earliest record that Li liquor caught the moon and died. Later, Mei, a native of Xuancheng in the Northern Song Dynasty, said in the poem "Giving Gong Fu under the Quarrying Moon": "I smell the fallen immortals under the quarrying moon and wear a fishing boat at night. When you are drunk, you love the moon hanging at the bottom of the river, and you can turn it over with your hands. . "He made it more vivid that Li Bai was drunk and capsized and died. Then Hong Mai's "Rong Zhai Essay" in the Southern Song Dynasty also said: "According to the secular theory, Li Bai was boating in the river when he saw the moon shadow, so he took it and drowned it." As a result, Li Bai's theory of catching the moon and falling into the water has been widely circulated, and the sayings of "pan-moon", "drunken moon", "moon-making", "moon-catching" and "exploring the moon" seen in literati's poems have emerged one after another, and the moon-catching pavilion, drunken moon pavilion, Li Bai's shrine and Chen Xianlou built by quarrying have also appeared one after another. More interestingly, at that time, some people associated "catching the moon" with "riding a whale", or said that "a great river meets a cow bead, and there is a deep spiritual house under it", and "there is no memory of riding a whale without seeing a rhinoceros burn" (Jia Dao's poem "Niuzhu" is quoted from "Fu Zhi of Taiping"); In other words, "this Weng is naturally too white and refined, and the sun, the moon and the stars blend together. At that time, he didn't slip into the water, and drove the long whale straight to Ziqing "(qiujun's" Chen Xianlou ") and so on, which made catching the moon and riding whales mysterious. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, many people in the world thought this legend was too absurd, so some people of insight rose to refute it. The earliest objector was Lin Biao, the main official of the Yuan Dynasty. He said in the poem "Hanging Taibai Borrowing Quarry": "I'm here to enjoy the wine river, and the spring grass is green and green. At that time, there was a grandson who caught the moon. Who said that? " Lin Bu is obviously saying that there is a Li Bais Tomb by the quarrying river. After Li Bai died, his grandson collected the remains. So where did the theory of catching the moon come from? Grandfather Liu, the imperial adviser in Taiping Prefecture, said: "I went to Taibai Temple twice, and the pine trees in front of the door were uneven." "Pedestrians don't believe in absurdity, and there are still old stone tablets in Qingshan." Liu Qiong, a Dangtu native of Yongle Jinshi, said: "It is a false story that clouds lock barren hills and catch the moon in waves." Another Dangtu native, Guangzhou Tongzhi Ni, also said: If it is true to catch the moon by riding whales, then "whales and flying stones are drunk, and the tomb is not in Qingshan". Later, his servant Zhang persuaded the world not to spread this stream again. He clearly pointed out: "You can read buried jade and green hills, but you can't ride whales." Since then, the theory of catching the moon and riding whales seems to have converged. It can be seen that there is a great possibility that Li Bai will die from quarrying. The theory of catching the moon and riding whales is taken for granted by later generations to remember Li Bai and beautify the poet. However, there is no reason for this. Li Bai has been arrogant all his life, wandering around the world, complaining about others and playing with the moon, so it seems reasonable to catch the moon. As modern Angel said in Li Bai's Exploration: "Judging from Li Bai's almost crazy mental state at that time, this situation is possible." Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, died in Dangtu, Anhui Province in the first year of Baoying (762) at the age of 62. However, how did Li Bai die? Li Bai and Uncle Dangtu ordered Li to preface the Collection of Caotang, saying, "It's not good to try string music in Dangtu. Don't dislike me in your spare time. I take care of you on a gondola. When I am in danger, I am in a hurry. I have thousands of drafts, and my hand set has not been repaired yet. I'll give you a short order on my pillow. " In the Tang Dynasty, Li Hua's Preface to the Epitaph of Hanlin Bachelor Li Jun said: "In the southeast of Gushu, there is a tomb of Tang Dynasty scholar Li Bai ... (Li Bai) was sixty-two years old and died in a swan song." Twenty-nine years after Li Bai's death, the Record of the Hanlin Bachelor in Tang Dynasty, written in the sixth year of Zhenyuan (79 1), also said: "Your name is white, and Tianbao will return to the mountain at the beginning. I swam here occasionally and died of illness because I was buried here. All white youths are famous for their poems. If they are hanged here, the desolate graves will be destroyed, their voices and voices will be remembered, and their sorrow will not stop. " The so-called "death from illness", "death has a dead song" and "death from illness" in ancient literature clearly tell people that Li Bai died of illness. Li Bai was addicted to alcohol all his life, because he was known as the "drunken fairy". When you play with Li Bai's poems, you can smell a strong smell of wine. The poet's "Into the Wine" has "Boil a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen my appetite, and make me drink for three hundred bowls!" . There is a saying that "Laugh till you get as drunk as a fiddler, and have fun all your life" in "To Jiang Yang for the Carving of Lu". "To Liu" has the saying that "four seats are all talked about, and a thousand sacrifices are made a day". "Xun Cen looks for what he sees, Yuan Danqiu treats wine with poetry and sees what he does", and there is a saying, "When you open your face and drink, you suddenly become drunk with joy". The third part of "Drinking the Moon Four Alone" is "I am drunk and lost the world, but I am so lonely that I don't know where I am, and I enjoy it the most". In this way, scholars naturally associate Li Bai's death with fatal drunkenness. Pi Rixiu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, once wrote in Li Hanlin's Poems: "I was threatened by corruption and drunk to the extreme." In other words, Li Bai was fatal because of drunkenness, and even the soul who ascended to heaven was drunk. Guo Moruo, a contemporary scholar, was inspired by the "threat theory" and studied and speculated from the medical point of view. He thought that Li Bai had traveled to Jinling when he was 6 1 year old, and traveled between Xuancheng and Liyang counties. Li Guangbi East Town is near Huaihe River, and Li Bai made up his mind to join the army. Unfortunately, he went to Jinling to get sick and returned halfway. This is the initial stage of hypochondriasis and should be regarded as empyema. A year later, Li Bai was recuperating in Dangtu, with chronic empyema and perforated chest wall, which was fatal due to "decay" and eventually died in Dangtu. Li Bai loves wine and the moon, so some people associate his death with "catching the moon in water", from which the romantic drowning theory was born. The kings of the Five Dynasties said in "Tangren Dialect": "Li Bai swam in the Quarry River in a palace brocade robe, proud of himself, and no one looked at him. He died because he was drunk and caught the moon in the water." Since then, the Yuan Dynasty's new biography of Tang Caizi said: "(Li) White Night Festival is so yellow and old that it has been gathered in Niuzhu for many days, catching the moon by drinking, sinking into the water, and enjoying Xie Jiaqing Mountain for the first time. This tomb is in the clouds. " In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Cheng's Lotus Hall Series Poems also said: "Song Hupu, a man from Jiannan in central Fujian, once carved a stone to cross the river and hung a poem by Li Bai:' A bad cicada is listless at the head of this river. At that time, I was drunk looking for the moon, but now it's cold in Wan Li.' Su Shi saw it and suspected what the Tang people did, but he didn't agree. "So, what do you think of Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Song Dynasty? In the Song Dynasty, Chen Shan's "A New Theory of Qin lice" recorded: "Po (Su Dongpo) gave Pangu another poem:' A sea of people searched for Li Bai, but there was no Mo Xian on earth.' "Visible, li bai drunk in the water to catch the moon and drown things spread widely in ancient times. An Qi, a contemporary scholar with poetic temperament, magically and beautifully described Li Bai's dying scene in his book "Li Bai's Exploration" and wrote: "The night is already deep; People are already drunk; The song is over; Tears have run out; Li Bai's life also came to the last moment. At this time, jathyapple is in the middle of the sky, the water waves are quiet, and the moon is reflected on the river like a white jade plate. A gust of wind scattered into thousands of silver lights. How beautiful! How bright! How tempting! ..... Li Bai, who was drunk on the ship's rail, stretched out his hands and rushed towards a silver brilliance ... The boatman saw in a trance that Mr. Li, who had just invited him to drink three cups, had gone with the flow on the whale's back and gone forever. " Indeed, for many years, people would rather believe that this talented and ill-fated great poet of the Tang Dynasty was born through the back of a whale. It seems that Li Bai's death is related to drunkenness, so is it death or drowning? A Qing said, "I didn't drown in ancient times, so the stone family was white." Holding back the curiosity of novels and poets, taking a vacation to create new ideas? "In other words, these two possibilities are hard to rule out. Let's look at the sentence "I died drunk in this river" in the white tomb of Jing Li, Xiang Si in the Tang Dynasty, and the official record in "Biography of Li Bai in the Old Tang Dynasty": "I died drunk in Xuancheng. "It seems that when it comes to the death of Li Bai, there have been two statements: one is death and the other is drowning. The former existed in the Tang Dynasty, and it was "the danger of greed, the soul is extremely drunk" (Pi Rixiu's seven-character poem). Guo Moruo, who studied medicine, put it more scientifically, "Empyema is chronic, and punching holes in the chest wall becomes the danger of greed" (Li Bai and Du Fu). The latter is a folk legend, in which "fishing for the moon and falling into the water" and "riding a whale to the sky" are dismissed as absurd. However, some things are inconclusive. There are related records (epitaph, epitaph, biography) in the Tang Dynasty, and there are many articles about the death of Li Bai. Dangtu county magistrate Li Yangbing is Li Bai's uncle. Li Bai was still there when he wrote the preface to Caotang Collection. In the preface, he only said that he was "urgently ill". No matter whether Li died of illness or not, there is no "postscript reprint" After Li Bai's death, Li Hua, who was longer than the inscription, was as fond of ink as gold, and cleverly avoided the cause of death in the thirteen words of Li Bai's epitaph: "At the age of 60, there are two, not even, and they died together with the last song." Fifty-five years later, Fan Chuan, who has a "family friend" with Li, wrote only eight words on Li Baixin's tombstone: "Wandering outside, living in Yizhou, but dying here." It seems that Li Bai's illness is real, and there is no first-hand information to conclude that he died of illness. I agree to drown. If the death of a celebrity is not obvious, there will always be a cloud of doubt, which will remain a mystery for a long time. If Li Bai dies of illness, Li can make up for it, and Li Hua doesn't have to avoid it. Fan Zhengchuan should be more eloquent; If it weren't for a "natural death", it would certainly give birth to a lot of scruples. In feudal times, drowning was considered as "sudden death" rather than "natural death". According to the ancient ceremony, it is an ominous sign that relatives and friends can't mourn, and it also hinders the future of future generations. In order to cover up the truth, it is often regarded as "death". In this way, relatives and friends who are both taboo and unwilling to cheat, began to hesitate to write, and had to avoid the heavy and light. History has left us only a few mysterious words! The truth of history is not always in words, and it is often biased to explore the truth with existing words; The winding path leads to a secluded place, that is, based on historical experience, we seek extensive examination, glimpse the subtle meaning between the lines of unofficial history, the official history, and trace back to the legendary source of running water. The legend of every celebrity is full of beauty, evil, fame and ruin, mostly based on people's wishes, which inevitably brings too much emotion, but also contains some truth. Li Bai's drowning theory began to spread as early as when Li Bai lived to be a hundred years old. Du Fu's poems "Li Bai's Dream" and "Li Bai to the End of the Sky" include "There is water to cross, they are wild and churning, if you fall, there will be dragons and monsters in the river", "Beside the river and lake-storms, shipwrecks, fears in a small boat" and "Ghost Ying * * * threw poems at him, and he drowned in the Milo River". Wu Shan people say: "If you are suspicious, you will spread false stories about the dead, so the children are beautiful." (Wang Qi notes "Complete Works of Li Taibai" Volume 32) Can we imagine that "False Biography" cast a "hint" on Li Bai as he lay dying? Li Bai's death made the spread of "False Biography" unprecedented in scale and time? "Moon fishing" and "whale riding" are all bullshit. It is worth pondering that people would rather give up the exploration of medical science and drive their own imagination, which is really meaningful. Poets of past dynasties dismissed the "threat of disease" and flatly recognized that fishing for the moon and riding whales, such as "drunken holding the bright moon at the bottom of the river, shaking the heart in autumn" (Zong Chen), "drunk at that time, but now it is cold light flowing to Wan Li" (Upp) and "there is nothing left for the world to fly, and riding whales for the elderly is the sky" (Li Dongyang). Today, Dangtu people still talk about catching Taiwan, and it is difficult for painters to reproduce the image of "riding a whale to heaven" based on the Antarctic blue whale in the exhibition hall of Li Bai cemetery. At this point, a hypothesis came out immediately. There are only two possibilities for drowning: one is to slip after drunkenness, and the other is to throw into the river. From Qu Yuan to Wang Guowei, how many poems Weng Wenbo had an indissoluble bond with the river! Li Bai, known as the "fallen fairy", is a genius that has never been seen in the world, and naturally it is not allowed by the world. It was not Li Bai's unique "return" that threw him into the river! Life of Li Bai Li Bai (70 1 ~ 762) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word is too white, and the number is purple. Mian Governor Long (now Jiangyou, Sichuan) was born. In his youth, Li Bai studied in a wide range. In addition to Confucian classics and ancient literary and historical masterpieces, he also browsed hundreds of books and became a "good swordsman". Believing in Taoism, having the idea of transcending the secular; At the same time, he has the political ambition to make contributions. The poems he wrote in Shu as a teenager are rarely preserved, but they show outstanding talent. Li Bai traveled in eastern Sichuan when he was about twenty-five or six years old. In the next ten years, he roamed many places in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. In the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), he once arrived in Chang 'an to strive for a political way out, but failed. In the first year of Tianbao (742), he was called by Xuanzong to worship Hanlin in Chang 'an as a minister of civil affairs and participated in drafting documents. Less than two years later, he was forced to resign and leave Beijing. During this period, Li Bai's poetry and song creation tends to be mature. 1 1 years later, continue to wander in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. "Wandering around the world, it is suitable for poetry and wine." He still cares about state affairs and hopes to be re-appointed by the court. In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai met Du Fu in Luoyang and became good friends. They didn't meet again after breaking up the next year. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai lived in seclusion in Xuancheng (now Anhui) and Lushan Mountain. In the second year1February, he was invited to the Lee Shogunate in Wang Yong, hoping to eliminate the rebellion and restore national unity. After Wang Yong angered Su Zong and was killed, Li Bai was also found guilty, imprisoned in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and soon exiled to Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou). On the way, I was forgiven and came back. I was 59 years old. Living in Jiangnan area in his later years. At the age of 6 1, I heard that Qiu Li Guangbi led an army out of the city to attack the Anshi rebels and went north to join the army to kill the enemy. He turned back halfway due to illness. The following year, he died in the apartment of his uncle Dangtu (now Anhui) county magistrate Li.