Jining has a 7000-year history of civilization and a long history and culture, and is one of the important birthplaces of oriental civilization. The ancient "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" left traces of activities here. Human ancestors Fuxi, Nuwa, Huangdi and Shao Hao were all born in Jining. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the "Most Holy Confucius, Asian Saint Mencius, Restoration Saint Yan Zi, Saint Ceng Zi and Saint Zisi", known as the five great saints in the history of China, were all born here. Du Fu, Li Bai and Cao Cao all left footprints in Jining. The Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties set up a river yamen in Jining, where emperors such as Qianlong stopped to visit.
Jining is a multi-ethnic area, with 38 ethnic minorities except Han nationality and a population of about 50,000. Among them, the Hui nationality is the largest, reaching 42,000 people: the central city is the largest, with Hui nationality10.68 million people; Yanzhou followed closely, with more than 6,000 Muslims. There are more than 5000 Muslims in Zoucheng. More than 2,000 Hui people in Yutai County; There are 35 villages inhabited by Hui people in this city. In addition, there are Manchu, Buyi, Zhuang, Korean, Mongolian, Yi, Miao, Bai, Li, Tibetan, Tujia, Russian, She, Yao, Dong, Naxi, Gelao, Hani, Uygur, Dai, Kazak, Yi and Yi. Ethnic minorities are distributed in more than 90 towns and villages in the whole city 12 counties and cities. The overall distribution is characterized by "large dispersion and small concentration", and about half of them live in urban streets and traffic lines.
At the end of 2009, the total population (household registration) of the city was 83 1.3 1 10,000.