Mid-Autumn Festival, leisure. Walk into Liaoning Provincial Museum.

Liaoning Provincial Museum is located in Wisdom Third Street, the south bank of Hunhe River, Shenyang, northeast of the central square. This is a comprehensive museum.

His predecessor was the Northeast Museum, which opened on July 7th. 1949. This is the first museum established in New China. The museum is famous at home and abroad for its rich collections and distinctive features.

Total collection of cultural relics 1 12000 pieces. Among them are Mourning Poems, Han Shu imitating Wang Xizhimen in the Tang Dynasty, Four Ancient Poems in Cursive Writing by Zhang Xu, A Picture of Beauty in Flowers, A Picture of Lady You Chun of the State of Guo, A Thousand Words in Cursive Writing in the Northern Song Dynasty and Heruitu in the Jin, Song and Yuan Dynasties. Among them, silk embroidery in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, jade articles in Hongshan Culture, bronzes hoarded in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, ceramics in Liao Dynasty, epitaphs in previous dynasties, prints in Ming and Qing Dynasties, ancient maps, bronze mirrors and coins in previous dynasties are the most influential.

The museum covers an area of 83,200 square meters, with a construction area of about 654.38+10,000 square meters. It is divided into five functional areas: cultural relics display, protection, storage, audience service and integration.

The exhibition area is about 42,000 square meters, and 22 exhibition halls are distributed on the third floor. These include:

The exhibition hall on the first floor mainly arranges temporary exhibitions. The three existing exhibition halls are ancient epitaphs, Ming and Qing jade articles and Ming and Qing porcelain.

There are 6 exhibition halls on the second floor of the exhibition hall. Currency, Liao porcelain, Buddha statues, seals, bronze mirrors and Manchu customs are all on display.

There are five exhibition halls on the third floor of the exhibition hall. The permanent museum has an exhibition of "Ancient Liaoning", as well as calligraphy, painting and calligraphy, and silk exhibitions.

On the front and both sides of the entrance door on the first floor, there are 6 bronze sculptures with the theme of Liaoning history and culture. It shows the long history and splendid civilization of the Liaohe River Basin and adds cultural connotation to the construction of the museum.

Starting with the main relief "Dawn of Civilization", it is followed by Northern Turkey, Expanding the Territory, Unifying China, Developing Liaodong, Spreading Confucianism to the North, Sui and Tang Dynasties and Yingzhou, Qidan Prosperity, Tokyo in Jin Dynasty, Rise of Manchu Dynasty and Prelude to the National Anthem. These reliefs show the history and culture of Liaohe River basin with their unique artistic images.

Liaoning Museum is a free exhibition hall. We enter the museum from the first floor, and the service staff at the door can go in after security check.

The first thing you see when you enter the door is the huge copper relief on the front wall, which is very eye-catching. On the first floor of the exhibition hall, I glanced at the topic at the entrance of the exhibition hall and went to the second floor, focusing on the bronze mirror exhibition hall.

This exhibition hall mainly displays bronze mirrors from the Warring States to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. I saw the front page displayed at the door and wrote in the preface:

The jade box chats and opens the mirror, and the faint ash temporarily erases the dust.

Light is like a piece of water, shining on people on both sides.

There is no laurel in the month and no flowers in the spring.

Try hanging Huainan bamboo and you can see your neighbors.

This is a photo background of an ancient bronze mirror, which introduces the historical process of the origin and disappearance of the bronze mirror. It is said that ancient humans did not have mirrors, but the ancients also had the concept of beauty and attached great importance to their appearance and behavior. They were the first to see water, the first to cast mirrors to hold water, and the first to see bronze mirrors in Qijia culture. For more than 4,000 years, bronze mirrors have been an indispensable tool for people. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, glass was introduced into China from western countries, ending the history of bronze mirrors.

The bronze mirror we see today is just a beautiful decoration behind it, telling the history of different times and people's lives at that time, and conveying the information of that era.

(A) Warring States mirror

During the Warring States period, the production of bronze mirrors reached its first peak, and the decorative patterns developed from simple plain or geometric patterns to various patterns such as plain lining, Yun Leiwen and mountain shape. At the same time, the application of carving, casting, gold and silver dislocation and gold and jade inlay in bronze mirrors is also a symbol of this period (pictured).

(2) Han mirror

The Han Dynasty is the second peak in the history of bronze mirrors, which inherited the mirrors of the Warring States period and spread to the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. The ornamentation has reached an unprecedented level of richness. There are nebula patterns, blog patterns, grass patterns, auspicious inscriptions, portraits of horses and chariots, four gods and so on. The casting process is becoming more and more exquisite, and the reasonable configuration of copper and tin makes the mirror emit bright white light, which has become another wonderful process after the decline of bronze casting industry (pictured).

(3) Sui and Tang mirrors

The tang dynasty bronze mirror, not only broke through the round bronze mirror, but also appeared rhombic, sunflower-shaped, square and Asian-shaped mirrors, and the decorative patterns also broke through the rigidity and patterning of the Han mirror. The layout is flexible and diverse, the theme is rich and colorful, and it is full of exotic customs and humanistic atmosphere. Flower-and-bird mirror, Swiss beast grape mirror and character story mirror all reflect the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and highlight a prosperous atmosphere. In terms of technology, there are gold and silver mirrors, spiral mirrors and gold and silver mirrors. It has become another unsurpassed peak of bronze mirror casting in later generations (pictured).

(4) The mirror of the Song Dynasty

During the Song Dynasty (Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty), on the basis of inheriting the traditional bronze mirror, many new mirror shapes were innovated, such as bell shape, shield shape, tripod shape and peach shape. The decorative patterns of bronze mirrors in Song Dynasty mainly include flowers, flowers and birds, dragon patterns, characters' stories, gossip, auspicious words and trademark names. Among them, the winding flowers, the double phoenix and the double phoenix mirror have the characteristics of the times. The flower-and-bird mirror in the Northern Song Dynasty and the trademark mirror in the Southern Song Dynasty have the most characteristics of the Song Dynasty (pictured).

(5) Liao mirror

Liao (Da Liao, Qidan) mirror inherited the legacy of Han and Tang dynasties, absorbed the style of mirror, and had its own uniqueness. For example, a typical turtle-back tattoo mirror adopts Fiona Fang combination, and the pattern is divided layer by layer to form a unique four-in-one pattern. Dragon mirror brings artistic expression of climax after climax with its vigorous and sharp fine line carving technique, and Chrysanthemum mirror absorbs the delicate beauty of the Song Dynasty (pictured).

(6) Golden mirror

The theme decoration of Jin Dynasty (Jurchen) bronze mirror is very rich, which not only has the popular pattern style in the Central Plains, but also reflects the traditional content of the nation, and the expression technique also reflects the characteristics of the nation. For example, the Pisces mirror in the Jin dynasty used relief to reflect the pattern, giving people a heavy feeling. The lines of Pisces, Ssangyong, cuttlefish or figures, rocks and trees depicted in The Golden Mirror are rough and bold (pictured).

(7) Bronze mirrors in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

The bronze mirror technology of Yuan Dynasty has declined, and the patterns of Song and Jin Dynasties are still used. But the patterns are also rough, but there are various types of Sanskrit magic mirrors, which is a major feature of the Yuan Dynasty. Bronze mirrors in the Ming Dynasty were generally round and heavy. Generally round, there are cylindrical buttons, round buttons and silver ingot buttons. I remember many New Year pictures of mirrors, old sayings of mirrors, bronze mirrors and the names of workshops. Decorative patterns include dragons, phoenixes, flowers and plants, and some are tower of Babel patterns. In the Qing dynasty, bronze mirrors declined, but there were also many fine works in the court (pictured).

Because of time, it took nearly two hours in one morning. It's a pity to look at this exhibition hall carefully!

2065438+August 09 3 1 Shencheng