Jiangling, now known as Jingzhou City, is located in the south-central part of Hubei Province, a prefecture-level city, a national historical and cultural city and a central city in Jianghan Plain. Since the Five Dynasties, the ruling center of the Central Plains Dynasty has been between Henan and Shaanxi, with Jiangling controlling Bashu in the west, Han Xiang in the north, rivers and lakes in the front and wuyue in the arm. It is the hub of communication between the Central Plains and Lingnan, and is known as the "Southeast Town" and "Metropolis". Many regimes whose capitals are in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have established their capitals here. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Five Dynasties, there were ten regimes with capitals, among which Chu was a big country, and the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties all owned half of the southern country. Therefore, Jiangling has a higher status as an ancient capital, second only to the "seven ancient capitals" and is the capital of Jingchu.
In 1600 years, Jiangling Capital experienced three climaxes: Chu, Southern and Northern Dynasties and Five Dynasties. The capital of Chu Yuan is Danyang. According to Records of the Historian Chu Family, after King Wen of Chu ascended the throne in 689 BC, it became the "Yingdu", and the city was built in the south of Jishan, hence the name Jinan. Chu people used to call the capital "Ying", so it is also called "Ying". After more than 300 years of development, Chu has firmly controlled Jianghan Plain and become a big country and powerful country. Jiangling was the capital of a big country from the beginning and the largest metropolis in the south at that time. In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu went north for hegemony and won the follow of many small countries in the Central Plains. Destroyed more than 50 countries and almost swallowed up the small country north of Hanshui. So the history book says, "Hanyang is full of Ji and Chu is exhausted." In the sixth year of King Zhou Qing (6 13 BC), Chu Zhuangwang succeeded to the throne, and Chu entered its heyday. King Zhuang led the Northern Expedition to Lu Hunhuan, and "watched the soldiers around the suburbs" and dared to "win the championship" with Zhou Wang. It is necessary to defeat the golden master; Surrounded the Song capital for five months and became one of the "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period". At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a long-term civil strife in Chu. King Chu Ping killed Wu She, the minister, and his son Wu Zixu ran to the State of Wu, saying that the State of Wu attacked Chu. In the tenth year (506 BC), Wu Jun invaded Yingdu, forcing Wang to flee to Yunmengze, and asked Qin for help the following year. Qin Chujun defeated Wu Jun, and Wang recalled to Ying Ji, but he moved the capital to Yiying for fear of Wu Jun's attack. Some people say that they moved, and they didn't return to Ying Ji until the 25th year of Zhao Haoqi (49 BC1). From the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period, the influence of Chu extended to Chongqing, Guizhou, Shandong and Anhui. The king of Chu reformed with Wuqi, and Chu became one of the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States" again.
In the late Warring States period, while Qin became increasingly prosperous, Chu declined. In the 29th year of Qin Zhao Haoqi (278 BC), Qin general Bai Qi invaded Yan Ying and Ying Ji successively, destroying the capital, which was called "Bai Qi Ba Ying" in history. Xiang Qing, the king of Chu, had to flee to Chengyang in the north, and the capital of Chu was established in Jinan for nearly 400 years. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, there were two generations of Linjiang kings here, but the time was not long. The second climax of Jiangling's capital was from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and there was an Emperor Jin 'an. Qi, Liang and Du moved their capital here for a short time. These dynasties covered a wide range of fields, and Jiangling became the second political center in southern China after Jiankang (now Nanjing). In the first year of Gongyi (A.D. 554), the Western Wei Dynasty invaded Jiangling City, and Emperor Liang set himself on fire, and Jiangling was devastated.
After the Western Wei people left, a small imperial court was established after the establishment of Liang Xiao's imperial clan, which existed for 33 years. At the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, Xiao Xian rebuilt Liang, but it only existed for three years. Jiangling county was set as Jingzhou Prefecture in the Tang Dynasty, which was an important town in the south of China at that time. In 760 and 762, Tang Suzong was designated as Jiangling House in the south of the Yangtze River, which was one of the five capital cities in the Tang Dynasty. The final climax of Jiangling's capital was in the Five Dynasties, and the Jingnan (Nanping) country in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries was in Jiangling. In the third year of Tang Aidi (AD 906), Zhu Wen took Gao Jixing as an envoy to Jingnan and Gao occupied Jingzhou from then on. Later, Hou Liang named Ji King of Bohai Sea, and later Tang Dynasty named him King of Nanping. Jingnan is a small area, but its economy is quite prosperous. It is the buffer state among great powers. In the fourth year of the Stegosaurus in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 963), Songshi went south and reached the end of Jingnan. The main leader Gao Jichong rushed out in panic and surrendered without bloodshed, which lasted for 57 years. Jiangling House was founded in the Song Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jingzhou Prefecture was established. Emperor Wen Jian moved and sealed the Liao King here, and eight kings lived in 180.
The political and economic center of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in ancient times was mostly in Jiangling. In modern times, Pinghan and Yuehan railways (now Beijing-Guangzhou line) were opened to traffic, and Wuhan replaced Jiangling, but Jiangling still belonged to the rich area. In A.D. 1949, Shashi Town was designated as Shashi, with a developed light industry and a rapid rise in the 1980s, and was known as the "Three Chu Star City". At that time, its influence in the province was second only to Wuhan. A.D. 1994 Hejiang Mausoleum and Shashi were Jingsha City. 1996 was renamed Jingzhou.