The classic story of Han blood horse Han blood horse used to have a red substance flowing out of its neck, which seemed to be bleeding, so it was called it. China was called "Dawanma" and "Bipolar Tianma" in ancient times, but now it is called "Ahama". Two thousand years ago, the horses in the world were in a primitive state. On the arid desert green continent of Turkmenistan in Central Asia, there was an excellent fast horse-Hanxue Horse. Zhang Qian went to the Great Wall and found a horse of China descent. When Zhang Qian reported to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu ordered Zhang Qian to take a delegation of more than 100 people to Dawan country (now Turkmenistan) to beg for horses, and brought a model of a golden horse, hoping to get it back. As a result, Dawanguo refused. On the way home, Ambassador China was killed and Golden Horse was robbed. Dawanguo is a small closed country, and it doesn't know the power of China. This behavior made Emperor Wudi furious and made a decision to take horses by force. Since then, two Great Wanma Wars have broken out. General Li Guangli led tens of thousands of troops to punish the defeat for the first time and win the victory for the second time. Dawanguo donated 3,000 horses to the Han Dynasty, and the second war started from Dawanma, which shows the importance that the Han Dynasty attached to horses. Today, more than 20% of purebred horses are Han-blooded horses, and now Han-blooded horses are the longest-lived horses, which can live to 23 years old. During the Warring States Period, near the northern border town, there lived an old man named Sai Weng. Sai Weng keeps many horses. One day, one of his horses suddenly got lost. When the neighbors heard about it, they all came to comfort him and advised him not to worry too much. When he is old, he should pay more attention to his health. Seeing someone comforting him, Sai Weng smiled and said, "Losing a horse is not a big loss, and maybe it will bring some blessings." The neighbors were amused by Sai Weng's words. Losing the horse is obviously a bad thing, but he thinks it may be a good thing, obviously just comforting himself. A few days later, the lost horse not only went home automatically, but also brought back a Xiongnu war horse. When the neighbors heard about it, they all admired Sai Weng's foresight and congratulated him one after another, saying, "You still have foresight. Not only did you not lose your horse, but you were lucky to bring back a good horse. " Sai Weng listened to his neighbor's congratulations, but he was not happy at all. He said anxiously, "A good horse for nothing is not necessarily a blessing, but it may cause some trouble." Neighbors think his posturing is purely the cunning of the elderly. I was very happy, but I didn't mean to say it. Sai Weng has an only son who likes riding horses very much. He found that the horse he brought back was a good horse, with long hooves, loud neighing, fat and fierce. He rides a horse every day. He is proud of himself. One day, he was so happy that he ran into a horse, galloped, fell, fell off his horse and broke his leg. When the neighbors heard about it, they came to offer their condolences. Sai Weng said, "Nothing. It may be a blessing to be able to save your life if you break your leg. " Neighbors think he's talking nonsense again. They can't figure out what good luck a broken leg will bring. Soon, Xiongnu soldiers invaded on a large scale and young people were recruited into the army. Sai Weng's son can't join the army because he broke his leg. All the young men who joined the army died in battle, but only Sai Weng's son saved his life. Horses are mainly used as draught animals for riding horses, pulling carts and carrying loads, and for war and labor. Played a very important role in history. It was not until the appearance of the steam engine in the industrial revolution that it was the main driving force to pull the car, so that the capacity of the machine was measured by horsepower later. Horses are the main means of transportation on impassable roads in mountainous areas. In the war, it was also the earliest chariot-pulling, and nomadic people first invented riding. China's cavalry didn't appear until Zhao's mausoleum rode and shot during the Warring States Period, and the late Roman Empire was also learned from nomadic people in Central Asia. Saddle was also invented by nomadic people, and it was improved continuously later; Stirrup was invented by China people in the late Tang Dynasty. At first, it was just a stirrup. In order to get on the horse conveniently, it was later developed into one on each side. The Persians called them "China shoes" and later spread to Europe. It was not until the end of the 20th century that cavalry began to withdraw from the war because of the appearance and popularity of various chariots and helicopters. At present, cycling is mostly used in sports competitions, and some patrolmen in big cities also use horses. Horses can also be used to produce milk and meat. Islamic law forbids eating horse meat. In 732 AD, Pope Gregory III ordered Christians not to eat horse meat, but it didn't have much effect later. Now the French and Italians eat horse meat, and the Japanese think horse meat is nutritious meat. During World War II, the United States allowed butcher shops to supply horse meat to make up for the shortage of beef, but after World War II, under the pressure of ranchers in the west, it was forbidden to supply horse meat. Horse milk has always been the food of nomadic people, especially suitable for brewing "horse milk wine". With the weakening of the use function of horses, many countries cultivated various ponies as pets in the second half of the 20th century. Now after thousands of years of cultivation, there are many kinds of horses, from as high as 2 meters to only 0.56 meters. Only one horse is as big as a big dog and has different shapes. About the evolution of horses: the fossils of horses are very rich, so the evolution of horses has also been studied in great detail. The evolution of horses is often used as an example of evolution. Horses belong to mammals, Chiroptera. The earliest horse, the ancestor horse, appeared in North America 56 million years ago in Eocene. Ancestral horses are only as big as dogs, with a hunchback and multiple toes (the first three and the last four) on their limbs. There are many branches from the ancestor horse. Some branches are getting bigger and easier to run, while others are developing towards miniaturization. In Miocene, Equidae, represented by three-toed horses, became a very prosperous fauna, a common fossil animal in stratigraphic paleontology, and was often used as an important basis for geological dating. The most direct ancestor of modern horses was horse phobia in the late Miocene12 million years ago, while modern horses appeared in Pliocene 4 million years ago. North America has always been the origin and evolution center of horses and equines. The horse starts from here and radiates around. Horses spread to Eurasia through the Bering Continental Bridge formed during the Ice Age, and finally entered Africa. Horses also spread to South America through the isthmus of China and America. At the latest, about 20 thousand years ago, horses in North America were completely extinct, and horses in South America were extinct earlier. The reason is still a mystery. Some people think it has something to do with the transitional hunting of American Indians. From then on, in nearly 56 million years, there was no horse in North America, the hometown of horses, for the first time, until the Spanish brought horses back to America in the16th century. In a program about horses produced by Discovery, someone said, "When Indians first saw horses brought by Spaniards, they felt like old friends after a long separation.". Modern horses are domesticated by European wild horses. Wild horses are extinct. The existing Platts wild horses are not the ancestors of domestic horses. The evolution of horses is full of difficulties and obstacles. Horses used to be so prosperous that dozens of genera evolved before and after, but in the end only one genus, six or seven species, survived to this day. The rise and fall of horses is actually the rise and fall of odd-hoofed animals, and modern times are generally declining. Words about horses: Ermayina, stallion, mare, pony, castrated barren horse, Huang Ma, red horse with black mane and tail, light black and white horse, purple horse and dark horse? The culture of Huang Ma, blue black horse, black hoofed horse, blue and white, blue dragon-like, pure white horse, fast horse and bad horse in Duckmouth is related to horses: it ranks seventh among the traditional Chinese zodiac animals in China. There is a man named Ma in China. Ma surname is one of the common surnames. Besides the Han nationality, there are many other ethnic minorities whose surnames are Ma. Ma surname is one of the most popular surnames in Hui nationality. Almost all Hui people in Yunnan are surnamed Ma. Six Horses in Zhaoling: (Horses of Ancient Emperors) Six Horses in Zhaoling refer to six relief stone carvings on the east and west sides of the north altar of Zhaoling in Li Shimin Mausoleum of Emperor Taizong in Liquan, Shaanxi Province. Each stone carving is about 2m wide and1.7m high. Liu Jun was a war horse that Li Shimin rode before the establishment of the Tang Dynasty. They are called "boxing hairs?" , "stone method opens", "white hoof is black", "Tele", "green" and "spreading the floor". In order to commemorate these six war horses, Li Shimin ordered craftsman Yan Lide and painter Yan (Yan Lide's younger brother) to draw the reliefs of six war horses in front of the mausoleum. "Six Horses in Zhaoling" is a precious ancient stone carving art treasure with beautiful shape, smooth carving lines and fine and round knives. "dew purple" and "fist hair" in the six generals? 19 14 was broken, packed and smuggled to the United States, and now it is in the University of Pennsylvania Museum. The other four pieces were also broken packages and were intercepted in the process of smuggling. Now they are displayed in Xi 'an Beilin Museum. This group of stone carvings shows the heroic spirit of the war horse that Emperor Taizong rode in the great cause of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Boxing hair? Darkmouth, with yellow skin, has a string of spinning hairs. He was shot nine times when he tied Liu Heita. Li Shimin praised: "The moon is bright and carefree, the sky is high and the clouds are light, the arrow is loaded, and the gas is clear and positive." Shivachi: When Hulao Pass defeated Wang and Dou Jiande one by one, he got five arrows in the hip. Bai Tiwu: I took it with me when I was buried, and there was no arrow wound. Li Shimin praised, "Relying on the heavenly sword, chasing the wind and stabilizing your feet, return to the saddle and settle in Shu." Teller: It's white and yellow. I rode it when I painted Song Jingang, and there was no arrow wound. Qingzhui: Dou Jiande and I rode horses in a draw, flying on all fours, with five arrows in our body, one in the front and four in the back. Salou Zi: He rode on Shi Chong, king of Luodu, with an arrow in his chest. Qiu Hanggong and Li Shimin exchanged mounts and drew an arrow for Saluzi. Li Shimin praised: "Yan Zi jumped, his bones soared, his spirit expanded into three rivers, and his strength expanded into eight arrays." There is a man attached to the relief, imitating Qiu Hua's arrow.