First, painting and calligraphy collection. There are 9 120 paintings and calligraphy in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. It is reported that half of them are first class and second class. There were 574 paintings before the Yuan Dynasty (excluding the statue of the empress before the Song Dynasty in Nanxun Hall), and 55 calligraphy before the Yuan Dynasty/kloc-0. There are about 6.5438+0.5 million paintings and calligraphy in the Forbidden City in Beijing, accounting for 654.38+0/3 of China's ancient paintings and calligraphy in public museums all over the world, of which about 654.38+0/3 has high academic value and appreciation value, including nearly 420 paintings and calligraphy, and 365.438+0 calligraphy. The total collection of calligraphy and painting in Defengtang before Yuan Dynasty was lower than that in Taipei. However, due to the relatively strict appraisal work, there are few disputes about calligraphy and painting in the early and late (Ming and Qing Dynasties) of the Forbidden City in Beijing. From the perspective of painting times, the early collections of the Forbidden City in Beijing reflect the painting characteristics of various historical periods, especially the two copies of Lienvtu and Luoshen Fu Tu by Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which truly reflect the painting styles of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. As far as Song paintings in the Tang and Five Dynasties are concerned, the Forbidden City in Taipei is more than the Forbidden City in Beijing, but the collection and perfect quality of Yuan paintings in the Forbidden City in Beijing are the best in the world. As far as painting in the Song Dynasty is concerned, there are more treasures of landscape paintings in the National Palace Museum in Taipei than in the National Palace Museum in Beijing, but the treasures of figure paintings in the National Palace Museum in Beijing occupy an important position. The painting collection of the Forbidden City in Beijing is very comprehensive. In addition to scroll paintings, there are prints, New Year pictures, Qing Palace oil paintings, glass paintings, screen paintings and stickers, which are all lacking and insufficient in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. In addition, there are 10 murals in the Forbidden City in Beijing, 7 Dunhuang paper and silk paintings in the Tang and Five Dynasties, and 1 mural in the Yuan Dynasty. The large-scale palace paintings and calligraphy of Ming and Qing dynasties collected in the Forbidden City in Beijing are also lacking in the Forbidden City in Taipei, because these cultural relics are difficult to transport when they move south. Because the National Palace Museum in Taipei mainly accepts the paintings and calligraphy of the Qing Dynasty, many schools of painting and calligraphy, such as 18, 19 century's Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou, Jingjiang School of Painting, Jinling Schools and Four Monks in the Early Qing Dynasty, are all lacking in the Qing Dynasty and are now national treasures. In the early 1960s, the Forbidden City in Beijing collected all the paintings and calligraphy of these periods. In terms of calligraphy, the collection and quality of the National Palace Museum in Taipei is not as good as that of the National Palace Museum in Beijing. There are more than 40,000 letters in the Forbidden City in Beijing, which contain great literature value and artistic value, far exceeding the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. In terms of inscriptions, the rarity of the Forbidden City in Beijing accounts for most of the country. At present, there is no record of inscriptions on cultural relics moving south.

Second, ceramic cultural relics. There are 350,000 pieces in the Forbidden City in Beijing, including more than one first-class product 1 100, about 56,000 second-class products, and more than 30,000 pieces of ceramic specimens collected from more than one kiln mouth in China since the last century. There are 25,248 pieces of old porcelain in the Qing Dynasty in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, among which five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty and official kilns in the Ming Dynasty are the main ones. Most of Kang Yong's famous enamel-colored porcelains from Gansu and Three Kingdoms periods in the Qing Dynasty are in the National Palace Museum. However, the collection of the Forbidden City in Beijing is incomparable to that of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, especially the painted pottery of the Neolithic Age, the porcelain of the Three Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the porcelain from Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty to the official kiln in Xuan Tong, the porcelain of folk kilns in past dynasties, and the collection of specimens and physical materials of ancient ceramics. The collection of official kiln porcelain in the Forbidden City in Beijing is considerable in quantity and quality, which can not be ignored. In the collection of ancient ceramics, the Forbidden City on both sides of the strait has its own merits.

Third, bronzes. The Forbidden City in Beijing has a collection of more than 5000 bronzes 10000, including about10000 in the pre-Qin period and more than 600 with inscriptions, accounting for more than110 of the total number handed down and unearthed at home and abroad. It is the museum with the largest collection of Chinese bronzes at home and abroad. In addition, there are more than 10000 coins, 4000 bronze mirrors and 10000 seals. There are 56 15 bronzes in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and there are about 500 bronzes with inscriptions in the pre-Qin period. The bronzes in the Forbidden City on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are mainly handed down from ancient times. The collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei is small, but the heavy objects such as hair, plates and clocks are very famous.

Fourth, in terms of craft collection. There are 2846 1 jades in the Forbidden City in Beijing, which is more than 1 1445 in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. In addition, hundreds of precious jade articles unearthed from archaeological excavations have been collected, among which the jade articles unearthed from Lingjiatan Site in Anhui Province and Warring States Tomb in Yanggong Township in Lu 'an are rare in the world. At present, only the Forbidden City in Beijing has a collection. In addition, the Jade Mountain in the Forbidden City in Beijing weighs more than 10,000 kilograms, and several Jade Mountains weigh several thousand kilograms, which is beyond the reach of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. "Miscellaneous items" such as lacquerware, enamel, glass, gold and silver wares, carved bamboo and wood corners, ink, paper, inkstone, etc. There are 7,605 pieces in the National Palace Museum in Taipei and10/355 pieces in the National Palace Museum in Beijing. There are generally few lacquerware in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. Metal enamel has similar characteristics on both sides of the strait, but some large metal enamel products in the Forbidden City in Beijing are not available in the Forbidden City in Taipei. Judging from the cultural relics selected in publications such as Ruyi and Wan Wen published by the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the technological level is obviously inferior to that of the collections of the National Palace Museum in Beijing. In addition, the National Palace Museum in Beijing has 1442 bonsai and 590 artifacts, but the National Palace Museum in Taipei has no such collection.

5. Palace cultural relics collection. The Forbidden City in Beijing has great advantages, ranging from classic cultural relics representing imperial power to cultural relics of royal daily necessities. For example, the imperial seal "Twenty-five Treasures" and the halogen book ceremonial ceremonies in the Qing Dynasty are not available in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and the crown of Empress Dowager Cixi is also the most complete. Astronomical instruments and clocks reflecting the level of scientific and technological development and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in the Qing Dynasty are also specially collected in the Forbidden City in Beijing. The emperors of Qing Dynasty paid attention to the appreciation of literary works and dramas, and most of the seals used for his appreciation were hidden in the Forbidden City in Beijing. In Qing dynasty, the royal family believed in many religions, mainly shamanism, Taoism and Tibetan Buddhism. The Forbidden City in Beijing has a large collection of shamanism and Tibetan Buddhism utensils, sacrificial vessels, statues and thangkas. , and also completely preserved the original state of some Tibetan Buddhism and Taoism halls in the court.

Sixth, books and classics. The National Palace Museum in Taipei has early editions (many in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties), complete volumes and good books, such as Sikuquanshu. What's the point? The collection of "Wan Wei Biezang" and some "Tianlu Lin Lang" books are mostly unique giant books or orphan works, which are quite precious. Most of the few Song and Yuan editions of the Forbidden City in Beijing have been handed over to the National Library, but the existing Ming and Qing editions and engravings are various and numerous, including the manuscripts produced in the compilation process of the Imperial Palace Bookstore, the final edition of the engraved books for the emperor to read, the Manchu-Mongolian-Chinese classics that have never been engraved, all kinds of books that have been copied again for the convenience of the emperor to read or carry, and all kinds of special enjoyment displayed for the halls inside and outside the palace. In addition, there are unpublished books written by Hanlin Bachelor and Ci Chen, as well as books submitted by bibliophiles all over the country; A large number of court dramas and archives; There are about 65,438+095,000 volumes (pieces) of Empress Dowager Cixi's costumes and utensils, "Style Thunder" architectural drawings, maps and other special collections, and so on. In addition, there are more than 200,000 carefully carved Canon of Wuying Hall. These constitute the characteristics of the rare edition of the Forbidden City in Beijing. In addition to the old collections, the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing also includes the scattered Qing cultural relics collected and purchased in recent 1/5 under the direct leadership of the central government and the active support of various provinces and cities since the founding of New China, as well as donations from people from all walks of life. In the early days of liberation, the state resolutely spent more than 500,000 Hong Kong dollars to buy back two of the famous "Three Wishes"-Yuan Bo tie and Mid-Autumn Festival tie. At that time, Taiwan Province Province also wanted to buy it, but the funds were not implemented, which they still regret. So far, more than 600 people have donated cultural relics to the Forbidden City in Beijing. Chairman Mao transferred the cultural relics presented by his friends to the Forbidden City for preservation three times. Zhang Boju, Zhu Yian, Sun Yingzhou and others made selfless donations. It will last forever. Many newly collected cultural relics are no less valuable than the old collections of the Qing Palace. This quickly made the Forbidden City a veritable treasure house of culture and art in China and the most representative symbol of Chinese civilization. For various reasons, many people are not very clear about the cultural relics of the Forbidden City in Beijing. Some people think that all the good things have gone to Taiwan Province Province, and some even say that "there are cultural relics in Taipei without the Forbidden City, and there are cultural relics in Beijing without the Forbidden City", which is obviously a misunderstanding. Of course, cultural relics have their own artistic and historical values and cannot be replaced by each other. The collection of the Forbidden City on both sides of the Taiwan Strait is a whole and highly complementary. Only by looking at it as a whole can we fully understand the long history and richness of China culture.