16 16 Nurhachi is known as Khan in the northeast of China today, with the title of gold, and it is called Houjin in history, and its capital is Hetuala (acceded to Beijing, now Xinbin, Liaoning). 1636, Huang taiji changed his country name to Daqing and proclaimed himself emperor. Li Zicheng was founded in 1644, and the Ming Dynasty perished. In the same year, the Qing army defeated Li Zicheng by entering Wu Sangui, and then Dourgen welcomed the emperor shunzhi to move to Beijing, and the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains. After Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong, the comprehensive national strength, economy and culture of the Qing Dynasty were gradually restored and developed, and a huge territory and vassal state were established, which was called the flourishing age of Kang Yong in history and was the peak of the development of the Qing Dynasty. However, the Qing government carried out the policy of literary inquisition, respecting the Manchu dynasty and respecting the flag bearer, which made some scholars disapprove of it and thought it was a prosperous time.
The Opium War opened modern China and changed the Qing Dynasty from China to China. Western powers forced the Qing court to sign unequal treaties and gain benefits in China by force. While resisting foreign invasion and internal worries, the Qing Dynasty was always in a tug-of-war between reformists and conservatives. At the same time, the introduction of western science and culture into China led to a series of reforms and revolutions such as the self-improvement movement in the Qing Dynasty, which promoted the growth and innovation of China culture. However, the failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 dealt a heavy blow to the reform efforts and made the great powers carve up China. The reform movement ended in conservative resistance. After the Boxer Rebellion failed and attracted Eight-Nation Alliance, the Qing court also carried out the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty. Although some achievements have been made, some of them have disappointed many intellectuals and turned to support the revolution. 19 1 1 The Revolution of 1911 broke out, 19 12 The Republic of China was founded, and on February 2 of the same year 12, Emperor Xuan Tong abdicated and the Qing Dynasty officially perished. There were twelve emperors in the late Qing Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, which lasted for 296 years. There have been ten emperors in the Qing Dynasty since they moved to Beijing, which lasted for 268 years.
The political system basically followed the Ming dynasty, but its highest decision-making units changed with the authorization of the emperor, such as the military department and the prime minister's yamen, which improved the administrative efficiency and enabled the emperor to monopolize the power. Literary inquisition prevailed in Qing Dynasty. If there is a movement suspected of fighting against the Qing dynasty and restoring sight and spreading anti-imperial news, it will often lead to unjust imprisonment and implicate thousands of people. Militarily, the Eight Banners Army was the elite at first, supplemented by the huge green camp, and later supported by green camp, Xiang Army, Huai Army and other local troops. The territory of the Qing Dynasty was as large as130,000 square kilometers, and it remained about1140,000 square kilometers in the late Qing Dynasty, making it one of the largest dynasties in China history. Political stability, large-scale cultivation of new crops and changes in the tax system have finally made China's population exceed the previous average level, reaching about 400 million. The development of domestic and foreign trade has promoted the development of economy, agriculture and handicrafts. However, due to the idea of attaching importance to agriculture, commerce has not yet developed into capitalism.
The reason why Huang Taiji changed "Jin" to "Qing" is not clearly recorded in historical materials. Perhaps it is to cover up the history that Jurchen surrendered to the Ming Dynasty, boost morale and hit the Ming Dynasty; The title of "Qing", or cloud, is the homonym of gold, and it is full of people. Add water to conform to the theory that the five virtues end in the beginning and avoid Zhu Yishui's "fire".
1 building
Shunzhi two years (1654)
In mid-June, the Qing army went south to Jiangnan and occupied Changzhou.
Fifteen years of Shunzhi
On May 27th, in midsummer, heavy rain uprooted trees. After more than ten days of showers, Tian He was flooded and villagers ate Guanyin soil.
In the 18th year of Kangxi (1679)
Drought, epidemic, famine. Rice is expensive, people eat grass bark and go hungry.
Twenty-two years of Kangxi.
It was compiled into 44 volumes of Wujin County Records, which was engraved the following year.
Twenty-three years of Kangxi
1From October 25th to 28th, Kangxi visited Changzhou in the south.
Twenty-eight years of Kangxi
On the second day of February, Kangxi visited Changzhou again.
Thirty-one years of Kangxi
It was included in the "Continuation of Wujin County Records".
Thirty-eight years of Kangxi
Kangxi and the Empress Dowager visited Changzhou in the south.
Forty-two years of Kangxi
Kangxi also visited Changzhou in the south and sent letters from the Tang Dynasty to Qin Bangying, the magistrate of Changzhou, and Liu Qiaoling, the magistrate of Wujin.
Fifty-five years of Kangxi
During the drought, the elm bark in Beixiang was scraped off.
Yongzheng four years (1726)
Brief analysis of Zhiyanghu county in Wujin.
That year, Qian Shiming was implicated in the Nian Gengyao case, went to imperial academy as an assistant lecturer, and was taken back to Changzhou. Yongzheng's book says "teach sinners by name". In addition, officials of the DPRK and China also wrote poems and poems, which were published and distributed by Qian.
Five years of Yongzheng
Dredge Mengdu and Desheng New River. Four plow boats and four draggers (the plow boat is a dredging tool, and the dragger is a tool to clean the river and sweep away the sediment at the bottom of the river).
Twelve years of Yongzheng
Rural cooperatives were established in Wujin and Yanghu counties to accumulate grain and prevent famine. Store food for the villagers themselves.
Sixteen years of Qianlong (175 1 year)
On February 18, Emperor Qianlong and the Empress Dowager visited Niu Ben in the south, crossed Cheung Chau and entered Tianning Temple to burn incense.
Twenty years of Qianlong
Drought, bare land without seedlings. August frost kills the valley. The price of rice is as high as 4 thousand per stone and 3 thousand for wheat. Great hunger, elm bark, etc. Stripped and eaten, black soil is used to satisfy hunger.
Twenty-two years of Qianlong
On February 16th, Emperor Qianlong and the Empress Dowager made a southern tour of Changzhou, entered the city and boarded the ship at Wanshouting.
Twenty-seven years of Qianlong
On February 19, Emperor Qianlong and the Empress Dowager visited Changzhou in the south, entered the city from the piling post and boarded the boat at Wanshou Pavilion.
Thirty years of Qianlong
It was compiled into Wujin County Records and Yanghu County Records.
Forty-five years of Qianlong
In February, Emperor Qianlong visited Changzhou in the south, and in March, he called for a trial palace.
Forty-nine years of Qianlong
In February, Emperor Qianlong made a southern tour of Changzhou, calling for a test palace.
Fifty years of Qianlong
There is no rain in spring, drought in summer, and no harvest of food. The price of rice is 3 thousand per stone, and the price of wheat is 2 thousand.
Qianlong fifty-five years
/kloc-it snowed for ten days in February, and there was more than ten feet of snow on the flat ground, but the rest of the month was gone.
Nineteenth year of Jiaqing (18 14)
On New Year's Day, it was dark. Northwest wind, black sand turns to yang. It doesn't rain in spring and summer, and the Tanghe River dries up in May. There are no seedlings on the bare ground, white hair on the ground, and the old man is five or six inches.
Daoguang two years (1822)
Jiang, a native of Shexian County, Anhui Province, opened a Yutailong pawnshop in Hutangqiao.
Daoguang twenty-two years
Wu Jin Yang Hu He Zhi Compilation.
Xianfeng decade (1860)
On the sixth day of April, the Taiping Army attacked Changzhou.
The first year of Tongzhi (1862)
Lord protector Chen Kun of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was transferred to Changzhou to take charge of military affairs.
Tongzhi for two years
On May 13, Taiping Army organized a group of landlords from southwest Kewujin to train in Senzhuangtang.
In December, the Qing army broke into the East Gate and North Gate of Changzhou, and Chen Kunshu led the Taiping Army to fight back, wounding Liu Mingchuan, the general of the Qing army, and the Qing army suffered heavy casualties.
Tongzhi for three years
In January, the Qing army occupied Niu Ben and besieged Cheung Chau. On the sixth day of April, Changzhou was trapped, and Chen Kunshu, the king of Wei, was captured and unyielding.
Tongzhi for six years
Shen Yi Yu Jiu and Ji Yun Shensuoying Jifeng Pawnshop opened.
Eleven years of tongzhi
Xue Angqian opened the Dingtaiyuan Smelter outside the west gate, producing plowshares, wells and pots, which sell well in Yusheng, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei and other places.
Tongzhi years (1862- 1874)
Jiangmaoda Silver House is located in the north of Gan Tang Bridge, the county seat.
The first year of Guangxu (1875)
In Xintang and Yingchun Township, wild boars were injured, and officials led the people to catch them all.
Guangxu two years
In May, it rained red millet in Luqi area of Yanghu and Jiangyin.
Guangxu three years
Trees are uprooted by the wind in autumn, and the trees freeze to death in winter.
Guangxu four years
On the eighth day of May, locusts spread all over Wujin and Yanghu, and locusts in Zhao Qian polder area ate up all the grain.
That year, Wujin founded the Cocoon Bank, which belongs to Shanghai Jianye Corporation.
Guangxu five years
Open a long-term medical office in the city.
Edited in Wujin Yanghu County Records.
Guangxu six years
On the sixth day of July, Ma Peizhi, a famous doctor from Mengcheng, went to Beijing to treat Cixi.
That year, Niu Ben Town founded Jintai Academy, which started the next year.
Guangxu seven years
Meng Heying added Tian Ping Zhou Xun, with 35 garrison soldiers.
2 historical memorabilia of Wujin in Qing Dynasty
In June (JOE), it snowed in Yanghu and Wuxi, and Qishuyan reached an inch.
Guangxu nine years
The former site of the western suburbs of the county was rebuilt with piling columns.
Guangxu decade
That year, the Taihu Lake Battalion transferred gunboats and added an extra agent to be stationed in Xiqiao.
Twelve years of Guangxu
Set up a member of the county medical office to handle the health administrative affairs of the county government from Jiupin.
Fourteen years of Guangxu
The Language of Five Sheep is compiled and printed.
Seventeen years of Guangxu
In May, people in Yanghu County were angry with foreigners and set fire to the church.
Eighteen years of Guangxu
/kloc-it is extremely cold in October and February, and the rivers and lakes are completely frozen, which has not been seen for decades.
Guangxu twenty-four years
Drought and famine, high food prices, and frequent rice grabbing.
Guangxu twenty-five years
At noon on the first day of April, the earth's crust in Daxing Bridge Town, Xixiang, Wujin shook like thunder, and everything in the house was shaken for about an hour.
Twenty-seven years of Guangxu
In winter, Meng He, Desheng River and Zaojiang River were dredged, which was completed in July of the following year.
That year, Meng He Crepe won the gold medal in the Panama Games.
Guangxu twenty-eight years
Changzhou Investment Promotion Branch will be held in the county seat, and Changli class will be held in Taichang Wheel.
That year, Xueyanqiao founded Xueyan Third-class Primary School, and started a private school.
Guangxu twenty-nine years
On April 14, a foot-binding meeting was held in the city.
Thirty years of Guangxu
On June 14, the county canal was dredged.
That year, the library was built in a residential building in Tieshi Township, a fake county.
Thirty-one years of Guangxu
Wujin and Yanghu established the Chamber of Commerce, named Changzhou Bureau of Commerce, which was formally established in June of the following year.
Guangxu thirty-two years
In March, Japanese businessman Jinlong Foreign Firm illegally set up inland river lightering warehouse in the urban area, specializing in inspection. The local gentry reported to Changzhen that they would drive the Japanese businessmen away.
In summer, internal combustion engines are used to draw water and drain water in Furong Mountain.
That year, the city established the Jinyu Cloth Factory. Lu Jintang, Yun Ciyuan, etc. Shen Yin Company, the first commercial bank in the county, was established.
In that year, the elite girls' school was established, with one class in junior high school, one class in senior high school, one class in preparatory school and one class in simple normal school. The following year, it was renamed Cuihua Women's Normal School.
Guangxu thirty-three years
1 1 month 15, Changzhou High School, founded by Changzhou magistrate Xu Xingbi, gentry Yun Zuqi and others, opened with normal classes.
That year, hungry people in Wujin went to the rice shop to grab rice.
At that time, Tu and others organized the "Wujin County Education Association" to develop local education.
Guangxu thirty-four years
On April 1 day, Shanghai-Nanjing Railway was opened to traffic. This road crosses the border of the northern part of the county.
Xuantongyuannian (1909)
In February, Jiangsu Consultation Bureau was established. In Wujin County and Yanghu County, Zhu, Meng, Meng Sen, Qian (Uncle Lin) and Yu Hezhuang were elected as provincial councillors.
Xuan Tong for two years
Wujin and Yanghu counties are opposed to the system of dividing cities and townships, implementing autonomy and organizing population surveys, and villagers are suspicious of conscription and tax increase.
When Sheng Xuanhuai and others came forward to intercept the grain in the countryside, foreign and rural gentry donated money to level the rice fields.
In the same year, Zhu, resident member of Jiangsu Provincial Consultative Bureau, initiated the organization of Wuyang County Farmers Association (local squire organization), and its president Tu Ji.
Xuantong has been here for three years
On May 12, the city Yudaiqiao Fantasy Wizard Film Society premiered a black-and-white silent film.
On September 27th, the county council was established.
165438+1October 6th, in response to Wuchang Uprising, the county hoisted a white flag. On the night of the 7th, Yun Zuqi led Jiang Fangying to surround the Cheung Chau High School (now the provincial middle school) where the members lived, and withdrew at dawn.
10 9, Chang was established and He Jian was the commander. Wujin and Yanghu counties were merged into Wujin county, and the county civil affairs department was established, with Tuji as the chief of civil affairs.
June165438+1October 12 Xinmin Daily, a military and political organ, was founded.
On February 20th, 65438, Sun Yat-sen took a train from Shanghai to Nanjing to take office as interim president, passing through Changzhou, and got off and waved to the welcoming crowd.
That year, the rice mill in Xujichang, the county town, used engines and iron machines to grind rice, which was 20 times more efficient than manual work.
In that year, the Piling Post Office was cancelled and merged into the post office. The civil affairs department of Wujin county set up a telephone to have a dialogue with the military, police, political and commercial institutions.
Guangxu eight years