Nanshu method
In the 16th year of Kangxi (A.D. 1677), Emperor Kangxi set up the South Study Room, which was originally set up to discuss knowledge, recite poems and paint with poets in the Hanlin Academy. Because the house in the southwest corner of Gan Qing Palace is very special, it was named South Study Room. Because the south study room "is not allowed to enter unless you worship classes, and those trusted by it are not allowed to enter", it is the core secret institution strictly controlled by the emperor, and orders are issued at any time, making the south study room "increasingly powerful". The improvement of the status of the south study room was an important step for Emperor Kangxi to weaken the power of the Council of Ministers and transfer some functions of the foreign cabinet to the imperial court to implement a high degree of centralization.
Grand Council
In the seventh year of Yongzheng (AD 1729), the Qing army fought fiercely with the Mongolian army in Junggar in the northwest. In order to deal with Junbao in time, Yong Zhengdi set up a military computer room, which was renamed the Military Department in the 10th year of Yongzheng [100]. Emperor Qianlong mourned after he acceded to the throne, and arranged several "Prime Minister Affairs Minister Wang" to enter the military department, so it was renamed Prime Minister Affairs Office. In the second year of Qianlong (A.D. 1737), Qianlong took office as a pro-government, and Prime Minister Wang resigned, restoring the name of the Ministry of War. From then on, the military department became the core authority directly responsible to the emperor, and Wang's position at the Manchuria Conference was weakened to almost negligible. All political power was in the hands of the emperor, which became the peak of centralization in the Qing Dynasty. Until April 10th, the third year of Xuantong (A.D. 19 1 1), the Qing court announced the establishment of a "responsible cabinet" and the military department was abolished.
Responsible cabinet
In the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1 May 18), on April 10th, the Qing government announced the abolition of the Ministry of War, implemented the cabinet system, and appointed prime ministers and ministers to form a cabinet. Prince Yi Kuang of the Qing Dynasty formed the first modern cabinet in the history of China. However, because more than half of the cabinet members are royal or Manchu, people sometimes ridicule them as "royal cabinet". After the Revolution of 1911, the cabinet collapsed and was replaced by a new cabinet composed of Yuan Shikai.
actuating mechanism
The six departments (official, household, ceremony, soldier, criminal, and worker) were the highest executive organs of the Qing Dynasty. Ministers are called ministers and deputy ministers are called assistant ministers. Previously, ministers were all Manchu. In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), it was stipulated that there should be one minister, one assistant minister and one Korean. In addition to the six departments, the central administrative institutions set up side by side with the six departments are: Dali Temple, Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Taibu Temple, Split Temple, imperial academy, Qin, Hanlin Academy, Tai Hospital, Lifan Academy, Zongren House, Zhanshi House, Interior House and Duchayuan. Officials in the Qing dynasty were divided into "nine products and eighteen products", and each product was different. Those who are not within the eighteenth grade are called unworthy and attached to the ninth grade.