About the Holocaust:
The original meaning of the word slaughter is killing.
The significance of the massacre is that Pojun killed a lot after the disintegration of the besieged city. The following common misunderstandings are explained one by one. If it is not for the legendary massacre, it must be killed, and it is only for the people, or the massacre only means the destruction of the city, and there are fallacies such as the massacre only occurs in places with poor military discipline.
First, kill all the flies.
Therefore, we have ruled out killing all the butchers first, otherwise there will be no "three butchers" and one butcher will die. What about He Zudao, two butchers or even three butchers? Just because the first massacre can't be finished, the second massacre will continue. The second massacre will not only be killed, but the third massacre will wait.
The target of the massacre is not limited to civilians, but also includes the army team. Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Wei Tao Qian: "In the fourth year of Chuping, the humble soldiers were defeated, and thousands of people died, and Surabaya did not flow." Among them, "moderate soldiers" refers to Tao Qian's "army", and thousands of people died, not just Tao Qian's "people". Combined with the book of the later Han Dynasty, it is said that "(in the fourth year of Chu Ping, Cao Cao led the army) was over-protected, and all the tombs and Xiashan were slaughtered ... Surabaya did not flow." Cao Cao's massacre, targeted at Tao Qian's army.
Jiang Weineng's "Tu Longyou", Cao Renyou's "Tu Wan" and Sun Quan's "Tu Jiangxia" are called "massacres", but they must all be eliminated:
(1) Longyou: Wei Mingdi has also issued amnesty decrees twice, and many of them ordered that "the four counties and Jincheng in Longyou were attacked by the enemy year after year, or died and defected to thieves, and those whose relatives were uneasy at home were pardoned. Longyou was still inhabited after the war, and Jiang Wei did not slaughter Longyou.
(2) Wancheng: Nanyang Wancheng was slaughtered by Cao Ren under Cao Cao, but no one was killed. Later, Cao Pi was angry that the local income was too small, which forced Wancheng officials to die a natural death. He said: "In the third year of the Yellow River, he drove to Wancheng, which made Wancheng unhappy and angry." "If no one has been slaughtered in Nanyang, don't say that the local area should not be too prosperous, and there will be no talents in Nanyang in future generations. They were slaughtered as early as when Cao Cao was there.
(3) Jiangxia: After Sun Quan slaughtered Jiangxia, he "captured tens of thousands of his men and women" and left. This "tens of thousands of people" is the proof that Sun Quan did not kill everyone in the Holocaust. In addition, Liu Qiling, the governor of Jiangxia, led the troops to guard Jiangxia, and even Wen Pin led the troops to guard Jiangxia. Sun Quan later appointed Cheng Pu as the governor of Jiangxia and stationed troops. If Jiangxia had been killed early, the three governors of Jiangxia might have led their own troops.
As for slaughter, there is no distinction between civilians and soldiers, because civilians who take up arms can be regarded as troops, and soldiers who lay down their weapons will not become civilians. Even if all the soldiers were killed, it would be considered a massacre. What Cao Cao did to "Qian Bing" (Tao Qian Bing) in Xuzhou was a massacre.
Second, Tu Tong broke his mind.
As for whether the Holocaust means attacking the city, judging from various special adjectives such as attacking, pulling, sinking, striking and attacking, the Holocaust must have happened when it was already captured. Let's say a massacre, the key point is to kill those soldiers and civilians guarding the city, just like killing livestock.
(a) First broken and then slaughtered
From Xunzi to Wuqi, "Don't kill the city" in Sun Tzu's Art of War and "You can kill the city" to "Butcher" in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, all of them are heavy killings, although they are all for capture. However, the Holocaust happened after the fall, so, of course, it happened before the Holocaust.
The power was sent as a captain, breaking its vanguard, and making Tong and Dong lead troops to attack the city and kill it all, so the city was besieged first and then slaughtered.
Jiangdong "Prime Minister Wu Zhang Tip, military adviser, Sun Zhen, satrap Shen Yingshuai, gathered 30,000 soldiers to help the river, and surrounded Zhang Qiao, a captain of Yang, on Yanghe Bridge, with 7,000 soldiers. If you close the city gate, you can only hold it, and Zhu Gejin, deputy strategist of Wu, wants to cut it. " Also attack first, then kill the city.
Cao Cao has been in Xingping for three years. In September, Gongdong collected cloth. In winter and October, Tupeng City wins its peace. "Is also a levy lyu3 bu4, TuPengCheng again.
Xiahou Yuan "attacked and rejuvenated the country with other generals and slaughtered them." It is also the first attack and then the slaughter.
How could there be a massacre before the attack? That's an order. It is more reasonable to attack first and then kill.
(2) Slaughter means killing.
"Shuo Wen Jie Zi": "Tu. The voice of the body. " And "Guang Yun": "Tu, killing also splits. Therefore, the original meaning of the word "tu" is "cut open", and the massacre is to cut open the city, which of course means "broken city"; Killing a dog will split the dog, which means the same thing as cutting a dog and breaking it.
Will the massacre only attack the city and not kill people? From the point of view that war will not kill people, even if you attack the city, it will cause casualties, and even if you attack the city, there will be killings. Moreover, the slaughter is obvious and irresistible, so the word "slaughter" is used to describe it. So slaughter will be more deadly than siege, and siege can damage one third. Even the siege troops suffered heavy casualties. There is no reason why the soldiers and civilians guarding the city will be unscathed after the city is broken. How can there be finished eggs under the nest?
(3) Comparison between slaughter and smashing
The word "broken" means a lot of killing. Why do you have to "kill"?
1, Xiang Yu "broke" the Han army.
"Hundreds of thousands of people were killed in the Han Dynasty." "Hundreds of thousands of people in the Han Dynasty went into the water, but the water stopped flowing. 」
2. Cao Cao "slaughtered" Xuzhou
"(Tao) Qian Bing was defeated, with thousands of dead, and Surabaya did not flow. 」
It is pointed out that the victims of both are military soldiers (soldiers of Liu He), not civilians, and "not inferior to the" Holocaust ",so the number of casualties is not difficult.
Qin's "pit" Zhao pawn can be called "broken" Zhao, and Huang Fusong's "tu" yellow scarf was renamed "broken" yellow scarf. Why not? When facing the king of Qin, Prime Minister Cai Ze mentioned that "more than 400,000 people were slaughtered, all under Changping, with rivers of blood and thunder. The people and ministers praised the monarch in person, and the word tu was a good word in ancient times.
400,000 Zhao soldiers in Changping pit: 400,000 Zhao soldiers slaughtered in Changping pit. This is obvious, but it is called "Qin made Wu' An Jun attack in vain, and Changping defeated Zhao and killed more than 400,000 people. ""mainly talking about' breaking' Zhao pawn, not' slaughtering' Zhao pawn.
The First Merit Series of the Yellow Scarf: Biography of Huang Fusong in the Later Han Dynasty: "Song Cao and Zhu Juan fought together to break it and behead tens of thousands of people ... They attacked the Yellow Scarf in Dong Jun County, gave birth to a bird and beheaded more than 7,000 people ... They broke it, beheaded 30,000 people, and killed 50,000 people on the river ... Fu Song and Julu were too defensive. It won more than100000 people for the first time, and built a Beijing landscape in the south of the city ... and Song not only broke the yellow turban insurrectionary, but also shocked the world. Such a serious killing, the slaughter of thousands of people, but the article only talks about "breaking the yellow turban insurrectionary", not about "killing the yellow turban insurrectionary", which shows that "breaking" is more serious than "killing".
Of course, "killing the city" means "breaking the city". How can we "kill" without "breaking" Of course, it is "broken" first and then "slaughtered". As for "breaking", is it not bleeding or killing less? Or like to kill a lot of "slaughter", you can refer to Xiang Yu's "Han army big break", Han army (no civilians! ) The death toll has exceeded100000. Is the word "broken" used many times?
Third, the Tu Bi plan has military discipline.
Slaughter is a purposeful killing, a planned killing. Without military discipline, it is difficult to completely cull because it will get tired of hunting. Only by arranging such arrangements as closing the door and killing dogs can we trap or suppress them. Tie it and kill it, tie it and kill it. Killing is not accidental. Killing is indispensable.
The massacre must be a disciplined organization, and the military discipline is too poor to kill the city. Otherwise, some soldiers will leave the team, which will inevitably destroy the whole plan, such as the siege of the original order. If a soldier leaves his post without leave, there will be a gap, and the fat sheep to be slaughtered will take the opportunity to escape. Moreover, there should be a division of labor in the slaughter, such as appointing someone to search (find the target), appointing someone to round up (prevent escape), appointing someone to prepare for the battle (eliminate resistance), and appointing someone to execute the punishment (stab the sword and bayonet). Even keep in touch with superiors frequently, so as to avoid gathering resistance when encountering rebels alone, or supporting friendly forces to cope with pressure, or even obeying orders from superiors at any time, or suspending tasks, or expanding the scope to divide and detour.
Only an army that completely obeys orders can kill the city.
Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty has a good military discipline: Ji of Emperor Guangwu: "Those who surrender, especially in the city, say that Emperor Guangwu does not take property", and Feng Yi Biography: "Today, all generals will rape, but only General Liu will not plunder." , "Biography of Ji Zun": "Light and martial arts refers to generals:" Get ready for Ji Zun! I'll kill my son if he breaks the law, and I won't settle it with you. "Li Zhongchuan": "The general of the sai-jo Association asked about his property, but he was loyal and did not plunder anything. Du: "The general indulges the soldiers and harms the people, and the people are uneasy. The poem has not changed, so it kills the wide area. " Biography of Feng Yi: (Guangwu) Yi said, "Sanfu suffered from Wang Mang's chaos and started a new stove, focusing on the red eyebrows and delaying the cool, without telling. Today's conquest is not to kill the city a little, but to appease Angie's ears. The general won't fight hard, but he will be robbed. Qing can be a royal official, study and cultivate one's morality, and have nothing to do with counties. 〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕〕 12 」
However, Biography of Geng Yan said, "I decided to have 46 counties and 300 butchers, and there was no setback at all. 」
Why did Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, who had a good military discipline, have a brilliant massacre record? In fact, it is easy to understand that the massacre was not the sudden behavior of some soldiers with corrupt military discipline. For example, when Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty slaughtered Wu Han, there were only a few words: "The emperor was very angry and wanted to punish Han. At most, he scolded Han: "The city fell for three days, and hundreds of officials obeyed, and tens of thousands of women and children spoke. Once the soldiers set fire, they could smell a sour smell! You are a descendant of the imperial clan and have tasted more official positions. Why do you put up with this? Looking up at the sky, looking down at the ground, looking at the soup, which is better? Good or bad will hang people's righteousness! However, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty did not punish Wu Han, and Yizhou people could not be resurrected after death, so forget it. Not only did he not scold haing s ngor's lieutenant, but in order to answer the question of destroying Shu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty also treated haing s ngor with "20,000 to welcome the ancient".
Wuhan Tuzhuan, verbally condemned by Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, actually rewarded the valley with 20,000 yuan, which is simply a reward.
Sun Ce in Jiangdong is also a man with good military discipline and a strong soldier. He said, "The sergeant was ordered not to bully. He didn't do anything, but the people were happy and fought for the army with cattle and wine. " However, Sun Ce's achievements in the official history are as follows: Tu Dongye, with 4,000 official wives, is proficient in various skills, with more than 30,000 singers, more than 20,000 people killed by tigers and Han Wei, more than 10,000 people drowned in water, more than 6,000 ships and mountains of wealth. "Can't push the command of the massacre to some soldiers who are out of control and have no military discipline! How dare that bold soldier kill the city against Sun Ce's wishes? Presumably this is Sun Ce himself, and soldiers carry out orders at most.
Cao Cao levied Lu Bu and Tu Pengcheng; Surround Juck Zhang Zhang and Tu Yongqiu; Levy 50 thousand and slaughter 60%; Dou Yuan, Tu Yecheng; Chop Tao Qian, Tu Pengcheng, Fu Yang, Qu Cong, Sui Ling, Xia Qiu-these are the best times when Cao Cao personally led the army and kept the military discipline. Even Xiahou Cao: Tu Xingguo, Tu Hanjian, Tu Hechi, Tu Wan and Tu Taiyuan, among whom 80,000 people died in the pit of Guandu, which should be qualified for slaughter. Cao Cao can run the army well, and there will be no generals with corrupt military discipline to challenge Cao Cao's command? Will Cao Cao's love be punished by some inferior soldiers because he is not good at running the army?
Cao Cao's military order: "Those who surround and then descend will not be forgiven to show the world." What do you mean by surrender? Cao Jun, who is famous for his strict reward and punishment, can stand out in troubled times, which shows his ability. Therefore, instead of asking Cao Cao that the massacre could not be because he was good at running the army, it is better to say that Cao Cao used the massacre to test the effectiveness of running the army.
The difference between a great general and a mediocre general is that,
Famous soldiers are good at killing opponents, and mediocre soldiers are good at killing their own people.
For those who yearn for peace and never kill, they are the same person.
Then, there is no point in ending the war without being a winner.
There are two aspects to this problem.
Slaughtering a city can weaken an opponent's strength, both economically and manpower.
Be cruel to the enemy and kind to your own people.
If we don't slaughter them, when the enemy turns these people into an army,
Use these materials produced by ordinary people for war,
It is your own soldiers who die, but your own people who suffer.
Born in troubled times, we can't accuse Cao Cao of such behavior.
He is responsible to his own people first, and then to the people of the world.
This is the narrowness of troubled times.
As for Cao Cao's paranoia:
Many people criticize Cao Cao for being more suspicious than the other three countries, but I don't think so. I'm afraid anyone in Cao Cao's position will be suspicious. . Cao Cao's paranoia is nothing more than starting from the fact that he killed so-and-so and so-and-so Let's first look at the Chen Gong incident when Cao Cao debuted. It is said that Cao Cao is suspicious because it is a matter of life and death, a time of crisis. I'm afraid I can change anyone I want. . As for Cao Cao's killing of so-and-so hero and so-and-so, we have to analyze Cao Cao's position. Note that Cao Cao's position is different from that of Sun Quan and Liu Bei. He is Feng Tianzi. Although he is his chassis, all those who show loyalty to Cao Cao may also show loyalty to the son of heaven. There's a problem! In other words, people who are loyal to Cao Cao are not loyal to the truth, but loyal to the son of heaven! This problem also involves Cao Cao and the son of heaven. Cao Cao has done another thing of "sealing the son of heaven", and the son of heaven will definitely have the heart to kill him. . Even if not, believers on that day will have this heart, and Cao Cao will be on guard. . When a large number of talents express their loyalty to Cao Cao, Cao Cao should understand that he should be on guard against both factions. . By the way, who will become less suspicious in this position? Liu Bei? Sun Quan or who?
So Cao Cao's paranoia is forced by form.
As for Cao Cao's life story, merits and demerits, please see this post.
/f？ kz= 13674258