A, construction project management
(1) meaning
The Chartered Institute of Construction defines construction project management as: planning, coordinating and controlling the whole process from the beginning to the completion of the project. Its purpose is to meet the requirements of the construction unit and complete the project with certain functions and economic practicability on time under the given cost and required quality standards.
In 2003, the Ministry of Construction issued "Guiding Opinions on Cultivating and Developing Engineering General Contracting and Project Management Enterprises" (Jianshi [2003] No.30), which clarified the meaning of construction project management, that is, construction project management means that enterprises engaged in project management are entrusted by the construction unit to prepare feasibility study reports for the construction unit at the project decision-making stage according to the contract, and conduct feasibility analysis and project planning; In the implementation stage of the project, provide services such as bidding agency, design management, procurement management, construction management and trial operation (completion acceptance) for the construction unit, and manage and control the quality, safety, progress, cost, contract and information of the project on behalf of the construction unit.
Therefore, the definition of construction project management at home and abroad is very similar, that is, they all think that construction project management is an all-round and whole-process management, and its work includes planning, coordination, control and management.
(II) Business scope
According to the Trial Measures for Construction Project Management issued by the Ministry of Construction in 2004 (Jianshi [2004] No.200), the business scope of construction project management includes:
1. Assist the construction unit in pre-project planning, economic analysis, special evaluation and investment determination;
2. Assist the construction unit to handle land acquisition, planning permission and other related procedures;
3. Assist the construction unit to put forward engineering design requirements, organize engineering design scheme review, organize engineering survey and design bidding, sign survey and design contracts and supervise their implementation, organize design units to optimize engineering design, compare and select technical and economic schemes, and control investment;
4. Assist the construction unit in organizing bidding for project supervision, construction, equipment and materials procurement;
5. Assist the construction unit to sign contracts with the general contracting enterprises or construction enterprises, and supply enterprises of building materials, equipment and building components, and supervise the implementation;
6. Assist the construction unit to put forward the project implementation plan, conduct project completion settlement and final accounts, handle project claims, organize completion acceptance, and hand over the completion files to the construction unit;
7. Production commissioning and project warranty management, and organize post-project evaluation;
8. Other work agreed in the project management contract.
From the above business scope, the construction project management enterprise must be able to co-ordinate resources on behalf of the construction unit and comprehensively manage the above professional services (pre-planning, cost control, design process management, bidding agency, supervision, drawing review) and other management elements. Therefore, construction project management is the integration and integration of various professional services to some extent.
(3) Relevant policies, regulations and rules
At present, China's construction project management is still in the primary stage of development, and the relevant policies, regulations and rules are still not perfect and need to be continuously improved. At present, the corresponding policies and regulations mainly include:
1. Guiding Opinions on Cultivating and Developing Engineering General Contracting and Project Management Enterprises (Shi Jian [2003] No.30);
2. Trial Measures for Construction Project Management (Jianshi [2004] No.200), etc.
Second, the construction project supervision
(1) meaning
Construction project supervision is the product of the reform and development of China's construction industry and capital construction management system, and it is not completely consistent with the concept of foreign construction project supervision.
The Regulations on Engineering Construction Supervision promulgated by the Ministry of Construction and the former State Planning Commission 1995 pointed out that engineering construction supervision refers to the supervision and management of engineering construction by the supervision unit entrusted by the project legal person according to the engineering construction documents approved by the state, laws and regulations related to engineering construction, engineering construction supervision contracts and other engineering construction contracts. Article 32 of Chapter 4 of the Building Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that construction project supervision shall supervise the contractor's project quality, construction period and the use of construction funds on behalf of the construction unit in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, relevant technical standards, design documents and construction project contract.
(II) Business scope
1995 article 9 of chapter 3 of the regulations on engineering construction supervision jointly promulgated by the Ministry of construction and the former state planning commission clearly points out that the main content of engineering construction supervision is to control the investment, construction period and engineering quality of engineering construction; Manage engineering construction contracts and coordinate the working relationship between relevant units of our company. Therefore, the main work content of construction supervision can be summarized as "three controls, two controls and one coordination".
(3) Relevant laws, regulations and rules
From the implementation of construction project supervision to the present, the coverage of construction project supervision has not only expanded, but also the laws and regulations related to engineering supervision have gradually improved. These laws and regulations define the status, rights, responsibilities and obligations of construction project supervision, and at the same time restrict the behavior of project supervision from the system, ensure the gradual development of project supervision in the direction of institutionalization, scientification and standardization, and make construction project supervision play an increasingly significant role in engineering construction. At present, the laws, regulations and rules concerning project supervision mainly include: 1. Bidding Law of People's Republic of China (PRC); 2. People's Republic of China (PRC) Contract Law; 3. Building Law of People's Republic of China (PRC); 4. Regulations on quality management of construction projects; 5. Mandatory Provisions of Engineering Construction Standards; 6. Regulations on Engineering Construction Supervision; 7. Code for Construction Engineering Supervision, etc.
(4) Review of development
The Notice on Carrying out Construction Supervision issued by the Ministry of Construction 1988 clearly stated that the construction supervision system should be implemented. The development of construction project supervision in China has roughly experienced three stages:
1.1988 ~1993 is the pilot stage of supervision. 1989 the construction supervision system was first piloted in eight cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Tianjin, Ningbo, Shenyang, Harbin and Shenzhen, as well as hydropower and highway systems such as energy and transportation. Subsequently, the pilot work developed to 28 provinces and cities (autonomous regions) and 20 industrial transportation departments across the country;
2. 1993 ~ 1995, the project supervision work has been carried out steadily in cities above the prefecture level.
3. 1995 the sixth national conference on construction project supervision clearly stated that the project supervision system should be fully implemented in the construction field from 1996. From 1996 to 2000 before the promulgation of the Code for Construction Engineering Supervision (GB 50 139-2000), the construction supervision system in China was in development. Starting from 1996, construction supervision will be carried out in large and medium-sized construction projects, state-invested projects, residential areas developed in pieces, foreign capital and Sino-foreign joint venture projects. The rapid development of supervision enterprises here has effectively controlled the construction quality, progress and cost of the project and achieved remarkable results.
The tentative idea of establishing China's construction project supervision system is to supervise the whole process and all-round construction. That is, from the feasibility study of the project decision-making stage to the design stage, bidding stage, construction stage and project warranty stage, supervision is implemented; In the construction stage, the quality, progress and cost of the project should be controlled. However, due to the emergence and development of supervision, first of all, the quality, progress and cost of the construction stage are mainly based on the implementation of supervision, and the staffing and work content strongly reflect the supervision of the construction stage. In addition, at that time, China was in the transition period from planned economy to socialist market economy, and people's ideological understanding had to go through a process, and the theoretical research of construction supervision was not in place. Repeated understanding of the concept, orientation, function and responsibility of supervision leads to less supervision work carried out by the supervision unit in the feasibility study and design stage of the early stage of the project, and the construction supervision mainly focuses on the construction stage, and more on the supervision of project quality.
At present, most construction engineering supervision units are engaged in the supervision work in the construction stage. For example, according to the investigation of 56 supervision projects in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang 16 provinces and cities172192 are engaged in quality, progress and investment control in the construction stage, accounting for 86.08%.
Third, the comparative analysis of construction project management and construction project supervision
Through the above explanation, we can compare and analyze the two from the aspects of service object and provider, business scope, legal responsibility and industry access, so as to further clarify the connection and difference between them.
(1) service object and provider
The scope of construction project management is relatively large. It is not a simple project management of construction enterprises. In the construction industry, all parties involved in the project need project management, such as the project management of the construction unit, the project management of the designer, the project management of the builder and the project management of the supplier. However, because the construction unit is the overall integrator and organizer of the production process of the construction project, the project management of the construction unit is the core of a project. If you lack project management experience, you can entrust a professional project management company to provide project management services. Construction units or design units with no or lack of project management experience can also entrust professional project management companies to provide project management services. In addition, all parties involved in the project, if they have enough experience in project management, can also become providers of construction project management services.
Construction project supervision is different. According to the provisions of Article 32 of the Construction Law, construction project supervision is defined as representing the construction unit and supervising the contractor in terms of project quality, construction period and the use of construction funds. Therefore, the construction project supervision unit is entrusted by the construction unit to supervise according to laws and regulations, relevant technical standards, design documents and contracts. The construction unit is the only service object of construction project supervision.
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