Suzhou Park Architecture —— Loyal Palace of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Brief introduction of the Loyalty Palace in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom;
The Loyalty House of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is located in the northeast street of Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, adjacent to Humble Administrator's Garden. It is the residence of Li Xiucheng, the loyal king of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the most complete building left by Taiping Heavenly Kingdom that year, and also the most complete peasant uprising army residence left in the history of China. 196 1 was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Suzhou Park Architecture —— Loyal Palace of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Architectural history of Zhongyi mansion in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom;
In April (1June, 860) of the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, the loyal Li Xiucheng led the Taiping Army to conquer Suzhou. In the same year 10, the base of Wu Humble Administrator's Garden was rebuilt to Zhong, and its surname and its mansion were included and extended to the new place, forming a complex including government offices, courtyards and gardens.
In the winter of the second year of Tongzhi (1863 65438+ February), Suzhou fell. Although the renovation project of Zhongwangfu was not completed, it has begun to take shape. Taiping Army withdrew from Suzhou, and Li Hongzhang took Zhongwangfu as the governor of Jiangsu.
Tongzhi eleven years (1872), changed to the Eight Banners Fengzhi Guild Hall.
In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), the Japanese puppet government entered Jiangsu province.
In 35 years (1946), the National Institute of Social Education was borrowed as a school building.
195 1 year was assigned to the Cultural Relics Management Committee of Sunan District.
1960, changed to the former site of Suzhou Museum.
Suzhou Park Architecture —— Loyal Palace of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Architectural cultural relics of Zhongwangfu in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom;
Zhongwangfu is located in Suzhou North Temple Tower Road (formerly Northeast Street). Its main body, Zhonglu Government Office, was built in accordance with the provisions of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Later, although Li Hongzhang demolished the east and west iron gates, turrets and advocacy pavilions, the gate was changed to the style of Qing government offices and painted with dragon and phoenix patterns, but the others remained the same.
From south to north on the central axis are Zhaobi, Gate, Instrument Gate, Main Hall, Back Hall and Back Hall, with a depth of about 140m.
The gate of Zhongwangfu is12.5m wide and10m deep. It used to rest on a single eaves, but later it was changed to a hard top. The front and rear eaves columns are provided with diaphragm beams, flat beams, three-parameter single-arch brackets, eaves trusses, corner beams, bucket arches, gold trusses and corner beams. Liang Fang's paintings are all painted, the traces of dragons and phoenixes are discernible, and the pillars are covered with bluestone. A partition wall is built between the secondary spines, and a masonry door is set in the bay to put drums and stones. The left and right wings of the gate are lined with eight-character walls, facing the stone lion in front. Drum-hugging stones and stone lions are exquisitely carved and imposing. The instrument door is hard-mountain, with three rooms 13.5 meters wide and 8.5 meters deep. The beams, squares and trusses are decorated with colored paintings. Behind the door is the slate courtyard, and the east and west corridors are seven wide and stand opposite each other. The main hall and the back hall are hard hilltops, each with three rooms wide, and are connected by five deep rolling sheds, so the plane is I-shaped, so it is commonly called I-shaped hall. The main hall is about 1 1 m high,17m wide and14.5m deep. The front porch has a flat beam, a row of three-liter bucket arches, and a cornice truss on it. T-shaped section is placed at the top of the column of the corridor, the eaves truss is tilted forward, and the moon beam is placed on the beam. Between the steps, there are 14 long windows in the center of begonia lattice, the skirt plate is embossed with Yunlong, and the fan plate is decorated with Yunfeng pattern. The beam frame structure in the hall is similar to that in the hall. The step columns, the gold columns and the awning porch are interspersed with each other, and the gold columns and the post-step columns are framed to connect the post-step eaves gallery. Screen doors are arranged between the rear step columns of the open room. The width of the back hall is14.2m, the depth is 6.2m, and there is a back porch. The beam frame is round, different from the main hall plane. The beams, beams and trusses between the main hall and the back hall are decorated with colorful paintings. There is a small courtyard between the back hall and the back hall, and the east and west hatchbacks are opposite. The back hall is difficult to reach the top of the mountain, just like the main hall. Three-room width14.6m, depth10m. There is a veranda in front, a square in front of the forehead, and a bucket arch of three liters. The colonnade has a T-shaped family with one side jumping out. A veranda is arranged between the step column and Huang Jinzhu, and a girder is arranged between Huang Jinzhu and the back step column. Eighteen screen doors are set between the back columns, and a pad is set between the purlin and the back purlin, which is divided into nine grids with guide rods. They are all painted with murals, with deer, cranes, tigers, leopards, lions, elephants, mandarin ducks, ribbon birds, white rabbits, cats and other birds and animals as the main content, with trees, stones, flowers and plants, each with its own meaning. The distance between the back eave column and the back step column is only 1 m, and the back eave is 7 meters high, which is 2 meters beyond the front porch truss, which is really rare. It turned out that this temple was dedicated to the heavenly father, brothers and God by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the place where the sacrificial ceremony was held was called "Temple" or "Tiantang Temple".
Loyal Wang Fu is a building with offices, houses and gardens. Its garden is located in the east of Wang Fu, and now it belongs to Humble Administrator's Garden. At present, Zhongyi still retains some buildings and courtyards of Wang's homestead (most of Wang's residences were bought by Zhang, a salt merchant in Wuxian County in the third year of Guangxu (1877), for 6,500 taels of silver. In order to make up for all the defects, it was extensively repaired and named "Bubu". In the theater on the east side of the main hall of Zhongwangfu, there is also an indoor stage, which was built after Li Xiucheng captured Suzhou in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860). There are two or three theaters in Zhongwang House. After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the land changed hands many times, and now there is only one piece. The stage is square, with two floors and a height of 8.78 meters. The lower mesa is 0.98m higher than the terrace, 8.7m deep and 6.17m wide. The performance stage is 42.6 square meters, 4.4 meters high, flat-topped, open on three sides, with upper and lower doors on one side. The superstructure is 3.4 meters high, with low bars outside and movable shutters inside. There is an iron bar that can be lifted at the mouth of the platform, which is used when performing martial arts. In the 1980s, this stage was still in use. 1982 "Kunqu Opera Exhibition in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai Provinces and One City", Kunqu Opera was performed here.
Suzhou Park Architecture —— Loyal Palace of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Architectural features of Zhongyi mansion in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom;
Zhong's Soviet-style painting is also a must. Not only a large number, but also a high artistic level, which is rare in the country. According to the investigation and statistics, there are 285 cotton-covered squares, including Ruyitou 2 10, and a total of 495 squares are drawn, among which landscapes, flowers and birds, animals and gorgeous brocade patterns account for 3/4. Most of the materials used suggest that Fu Lushou is more than enough, and everything goes well, which is the icing on the cake, such as Qian Bat (Quanfu), White Deer (White Deer) and Bat Pan (Bat Pan). Among them, the dragon and phoenix art mainly embodies the artistic characteristics of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. For example, the foreheads of the main entrance, the instrument door and the main hall, the step truss and the roof truss are painted with "Double Dragon Playing Beads", "Xiangyun Tuanlong", "Feng Danchao Yang" and "Phoenix Wearing Peony", etc., which have already been painted, but only two "Phoenix Wearing Peony" on the roof truss on the east and west sides of the main hall have survived to this day. Today, there are 343 painted squares, of which 323 are original works during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the rest were later altered. Su-style painting is famous for its elegance and beauty, and Zhong painting can be described as the representative work of Su-style painting in Qing Dynasty.
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