Huaiyuan county is an ancient earth rock. Four thousand years ago, Dayu, the leader of the Xia tribe and the hero of water control, married and had children here, split the mountains to attract Huai, called princes, and left many stories, such as "leaving three days after marriage and not entering home three times". According to the research and demonstration of China Pre-Qin Historical Society, Tushan in Huaiyuan County is a famous historical and cultural mountain in China. The "Tushan-Bairuquan" scenic spot with Tushan Jingshan as the main body, 1987 was approved as a provincial-level scenic spot by the Anhui Provincial People's Government. In addition, Huaiyuan has natural scenery such as Ping 'ashan, Dahongshan, Huaihe River, Guohe River, Beifeihe River, Qiuhe River, Jingshan Lake, Sifang Lake, Kongjinhu Lake, Longnv Lake, Eel Pond, and Yu Palace, Bairuquan, Bianhe Cave, Hometown, Yuchun Garden, ancient buildings with American schools, and ancient city bases. Xiushan Lishui, with its profound historical and cultural accumulation, has attracted many literati and poets to explore the ancient times here. Cao Pi, Wang Shen, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Dongpo, Mei, Song Lian and others left poems and songs praising Huaiyuan. From Tushan Stone, where Huaiyi people lived together in the Tang Yu era, to the establishment of Huaiyuan Army in Baodu five years in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Huaiyuan Army was changed to Huaiyuan County in the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty. Huaiyuan county has a history of more than 4000 years, and the county name has been used for 7 16 years. With a long history, unique natural geographical environment and cultural accumulation, Huaiyuan County has become a pearl in Huaizhong. The historical evolution of the five rivers, Huai Yue Tong Tuo. The explanation of the name of Wuhe County in the History of Song Dynasty Geography is: "There are five rivers in Huaihe River, hence the name". Zhang Peiyun, a poet in A Qing, once wrote Ode to Five Waters: "Five rivers and five waters are connected, east to west and north to Tuo. Spring fish fry are long, and there are many wild geese in autumn. " Wuhe County has five rivers since Song Xianchun established the county in the seventh year. But today, more than 700 years have passed, and Linggu is not what it used to be, and it has undergone tremendous changes. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Wuhe County Records said: "There are five rivers, and today there are three." The water of Wuyi in Huaiwuhe County is the largest, followed by Yue. Huaihe River originates from Tongbai Mountain at the junction of Henan and Hubei. Turning east in southern Anhui, Mars belongs to Huaiyuan, and then turning to Shaojia Road in Bengbu to enter Wuhe County. After passing Linhuaiguan, turn north to Daxin, then turn east to Sancha, then turn east to Zhangjiaxiaogou, and turn south for 4 kilometers before returning to the old road. This place is called Beizhekou, also called Buga Wakou, and now it is called Bashakou, which evolved by mistake. According to the investigation of the old Huaihe River here, it is 5 kilometers away from the south bank of Huaihe River. Since the late Qing Dynasty, the Huaihe River has been spreading to Zhangjiaxiaogou, scouring the fertile land beside the ditch, and it is getting deeper and wider. Later, it migrated from Sancha to the north, took the road of Zhangjiaxiaogou, and returned to the right, forming Dagong Bay north of Bugawa Mouth. Then go north from Anhuai to Wuhe River via Xiaoxi, and flow eastward to Dongkazi to leave the country and enter the Jiangsu border. Huaihe River flows through the territory of Wuhe River for 89.2 kilometers. Mohekou, Feihekou, Lanqiaogou, Sanchonggou, Zhangjiagou, Huangjiagou, Wuhekou and Tonghekou once entered Huaikou. Every summer, five rivers meet and cause floods. In the Republic of China 10 and 20 years, floods occurred in nine cases out of ten. During the flood of 1954, the area around Gaohu Lake collapsed seriously, and Mao Tan and Xinji Town collapsed into the river. Shili Ferry has formed a beach again. However, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Huaibei levee was built, which blocked part of the entrance of Huaikou and built more than 20 culverts. Since then, the Huaihe River has turned harm into profit. Hui River originated in Shangqiu, Henan Province, and will rush into Machang Lake in Anhui Province, and enter Wuhe County through Guzhen, Suzhou. Since consolidation, the water surface in the east has gradually widened. When the water rises, it is more than 5 kilometers, which is five times that of Huaihe River. The water has receded and can only accommodate the boat. Huihe River flows eastward through garden houses and flows from the south of Wuhe River to Huaihe River. It is 290 kilometers long and flows through five rivers in China for 59 kilometers. There are Xiejia Lake, Ruanjia Lake, Xiangjian Lake, Wangxiao Lake, Oujia Lake and Caijia Lake on both sides of the Hui River, which are connected with the Hui River, and Xiaoshui Lake is a tributary of the Hui River. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Huihe River was often filled with floods, so it was also called Meet Lake. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Huihe River was diverted from Xibakou to Beidianzi, and merged with Tuohe River to form Hutong River. Tuohe River originated in Qilonggou, Henan Province, passed through Luzi Lake in Suzhou, injected into Lingbi in the east, and entered the northern boundary of the county in Haocheng. Turn south to Ji Hu and flow into Tuo Lake, and face Huishui Caijia Lake in the south. It turns out that there is a dam between the two lakes, which is self-contained and self-contained. Tuo Lake is located in the northeast of Guojiazui, bypassing the north of the county to the north of Dianzi, then turning to the south of the county, and entering the Huaihe River from Dongqiaokou. At the end of Qianlong period, Hui River flooded, washed away the dam, plunged into Tuo Lake, seized the old road of Tuo River, plunged into the fields on both sides of the river, deepened and widened. When we arrived in Beidianzi, it was divided into two parts: one part folded at the mouth of Dongqiao River, and the other part became Tuojiang River; Fold Lingjialou to Cross Mountain and enter the children. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was blocked at the mouth of the East Bridge into the Huaihe River, making it return to the new river in Hutong, with a total length of 270 kilometers. From then on, it diverted from Huaihe River to form another water system. Tonghe originates from Tongshan, 25 kilometers north of Lingbi, flows into Sizhou border in the east and enters the county territory through Fengshan, Hunan. Tonghekou, at 10 km east of the county, enters the Huaihe River. Tonghe is in the northeast corner of the county seat, with a boundary of less than 2.5 kilometers. From 195 1 year, after a winter and spring, a 20-kilometer hutong new river was dug from Wudianbei to Houzui, Huitong Tuo and Kuai in Sihong County, crossing the peak and cutting the ridge, and entering Hongze Lake from He Yao. Weihe River is located at 1.5 km south of the county seat, and its old channel was originally connected with Zhangjiagou, passing through Nanshan in the north and South Lake into Huaihe River. The total length is about 15km. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the Yellow River was pushed up and Nanshan was washed away. The river has been silted up and there is no water to discharge, so it enters the Huaihe River from Huangjiagou. The Weihe River has gradually turned into fertile land, which is not what it used to be. It has been more than 200 years since the Weihe River disappeared. Lao Zhiyun: "There are only three so-called five rivers. The river has been lost for a long time, and the river is combined with it, and the river is connected again, which is a change in water potential. " Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, five rivers were connected and floods occurred frequently. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the five rivers have formed two major water systems: one is the Huaihe River system, also known as the Waihe River (including the North Hefei River); The other is Hutong water system, also known as inland river (including Hui River, Tuo River, Tong River and Liang Shi River). Internal and external diversion provides a reliable guarantee for eliminating floods. Textual research on "five rivers and five rivers, Huai Yue Tong Tuo". Pei River is a smaller river in this county. South of the county 1 km, flows into the Huaihe River via Nanhu East. South Lake is now Gaojiahu. It was very low-lying in those days, and when the water was big, it flooded to the old county to govern the south. In order to protect the safety of the county, a dam was built on the north bank of Weihe River in the early Ming Dynasty to protect the water in South Lake. The Weihe River is about 10 km long, and the water hour is only a few kilometers long. Before and after the founding of the county, it was still a Hun River that flowed into the Huaihe River after several generations of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing until the eleventh year of Kangxi (1654). The Huaihe River overflowed with water, and rivers and lakes flooded. In the forty-four years of Qianlong (1779), the Yellow River burst its banks and carried a lot of sediment into the Huaihe River. Wandering in the county for two years, the Weihe River silted up. The water in Nanhu Lake changed from Huangjiagou to Huaihe River, and the Weihe River disappeared. In Jiaqing County of this county, Zhiyun said: "There is a river ditch in Jingang Shandong today, that is, the ancient Weihe River." Although the water from the South Lake flows into the Huaihe River from Huangjiagou, when the Huaihe River rises to support Huangjiagou, the lake overflows to the north, enters the Hualong Pool from Yuntouba in Jingang Mountain, joins with He Cheng, flows around the east to the East River and enters the Huaihe River, and He Sui begins to move north from the East River. Wuhekou meets the Huaihe River and joins the Tonghe River from Lingjiadu to Tianjinggang to enter the Huaihe River. People call this section "Beiba River". When the Yue Tuo River rises, it flows southward from the Old Army Store (Beidian) and the water, and then turns back to Longge to enter the Huaihe River. People also call this section "Southern River", that is, Wuhekou. This is the origin of the north-south river. The first section of the East River, 45 years ago, was originally the place where Tuo Lake entered the Huaihe River, so it was called Tuo River. The old track of Houhui River is silted up, and the Huishui turns to the north, and the west dam breaks into the Tuohe River, where the Huituo River meets and enters the Huaihe River, so it is also called Huihe River. During the Jiaqing period, the Tonghe River had a large amount of water and often flowed into the Huaihe River, so it was also called Tonghe. Later, the South Lake overflowed from the moat and flowed into the East River, so it was also called Weihe River. During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Huihe was marked on the map. In fact, it is a veritable Wuhekou. 1952, when the Huaihe River Regulation Committee was working on the internal and external water diversion project below the Five Rivers, the Hui, Tuo, Yi and Tong rivers were incorporated into the Hutong water system, diverted with the Huaihe River and reached Hongze Lake. The newly opened Hutong River is along the original Hutong River, so it is called Hutong River. Now the Wuhe River system has entered a stable period, and the name of the ancient Huhehe has been preserved by the name of Hutong. Kaohui River at Huihekou was once the main tributary of Huaihe River. "Zhongduzhi" contains: "In the southwest of the county, it flows into the Huaihe River in the southeast of the county." And pointed out: "The confluence of the five rivers, all connected by ships, is the key point of North-South exchanges." Later, he moved to Hebei because of "rising water and silt, moving to the North Lake". The old road south of the city has disappeared, and the traces of the past are hard to find. There are three theories about when Huihe River moved northward. Said jiajing twenty-two years moved north. According to the records of the reconstruction of Wuhe County in the eleventh year of Kangxi (1672), "Huihe River is outside the south gate of the county and enters the Huaihe River in the south of the county. South of the old county 1 mile, the river bank is steep. In the twenty-second year of Jiajing (1543), the water rose and the sand silted up and moved to Beihu Lake. " According to this statement, Uighurs moved northward in the twenty-second year of Jiajing. However, according to the note of Geography of Ming Dynasty: "The old Wuhe County was governed by the south bank of Huihe River, and moved to Huihe River in the twenty-fifth year of Jiajing." Because the Huihe River had not moved northward when Jiajing moved to the county in the twenty-fifth year, the theory that Jiajing changed its course in the twenty-second year became a problem. According to the survey of old disasters, there was no flood in Jiajing for twenty-two years, and there was no flood in Huanghuai, so it was impossible to "lift water and lift sand". Looking back on the map of Wuhe County in the eleventh year of Kangxi, it is found that the Hui River is still painted in the south of the county, which may be caused by the long time. It has been more than one hundred years since the 22nd year of Jiajing to the 11th year of Kangxi. During this period, the water flow changes and river migration is inevitable. After twenty-two years of migration, Jiajing may return to the old road. However, in the 22nd year of Jiajing, it is less likely to migrate northward, so we can only doubt this statement. Speaking of moving north for forty-five years. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (180 1 year), Wuhe County Records recorded: "Since the Yellow River flooded, the outlet suddenly silted for three miles, and the water did not leak. It entered the Tuohe River from the big and small dams in the west of the county, and Huitong died in the east." It only says "the Yellow River flooded", but it is not clear when it flooded. However, there is a note in the illustration: "In the forty-five years of Qianlong, the Yellow River crossed the border and the south of the city was silted up." According to historical records, the Yellow River flooded in 44 years in Qianlong, and it did not stop flowing in the following year. This time the Yellow River entered the Huaihe River, which not only blocked the outlet of the river, but also blocked some lakes. However, the Yellow River flood occurred in 445 years in Qianlong, while the old chronicle recorded 456 years, which may be the wrong year, and there is not much difference. It's only been 22 years since Jiaqing was six years ago. This is something that people will remember clearly and there will be no big mistakes. At the same time, "Jiaqing County Records" also records: "In the first year of Jiaqing, among the rich people and businessmen in the city, the public petition picked the estuary, but it stopped because those who lived in Nanwan thought it was unfavorable." This also shows that the siltation of Huihe estuary is not far away, otherwise there would be no discussion about picking Huihe estuary. Therefore, there is no doubt that Huibei migrated to Qianlong for forty-five years. Talking about the change of Uighur "the beginning of Tongzhi". Guangxu's "Wuhe County Records" records: "(Uighur) moved north to seize the old road between Tongzhi, bypassed the north of Jiaotian steep hill, crossed the North Ferry in the south, and crossed the Huaihe River from Dongqiaokou." He also said: "The change of husband and wife is at the beginning of Tongzhi." This leads to the problem of moving northward again during the Tongzhi period. It seems that Uighurs are wandering in the north and south of Wuhe City. As mentioned earlier, the change of river course is uncertain. Every flood may divert the river, especially during the Yellow River flood. After moving northward during the Qianlong period, Huihe River may return to its original channel in some years. In the five years of Cha Tongzhi, there was heavy rain on the Five Rivers for three days and three nights, and the river surged three feet. In this way, the flood may flow northward into Tuo. From Tongzhi five years to Guangxu years, the compilation time was less than 30 years, so some elderly people can still remember the great event of diversion completely. During the Republic of China, there was a small river ditch in the south of the city, from which water often overflowed into the Huaihe River. Therefore, it is also possible to say that Hebei migrated at the beginning of Tongzhi. But the big shunt is still at the end of the dragon. [3]