In the ancient imperial examination, which lasted for more than 1300 years, Jiangxi produced 42 literary champions, 5 martial champions and 2 talented champions, which won a resounding reputation in the national imperial examination competitions. At one time, there was a miracle of "two prime ministers, five champions in ten miles".
I only say a few of the most famous ones, with detailed information, including places of birth, etc. These are the most detailed, and others can't do it in more detail than me.
1. The earliest champion-Zhao Lu
Historians in Jiangxi have always believed that the earliest scholar in this province was Zhao Lu, and in the late Tang Dynasty, it was Yichun County. Today, the sightseeing village, located at the northeast of Yangqiao Town 10 mile in Fenyi County, is the birthplace of Zhao Lu. The first ancient bridge in the village was covered with old vines, and the word "Champion Bridge" was engraved on the bridge. According to local records, champion Zhao Lu once crossed the bridge. The reporter inquired in many ways, only to know that this is the only relic related to the champion of that year.
The process of Lu winning the prize is a vivid picture of the world. In the second year of Huichang (AD 846), Zhao Lu and another rich juren, huangpo, went to Beijing to take the exam. However, the secretariat of Yuanzhou hosted a banquet for Huang Po in Changting and turned a blind eye to Zhao Lu, whose family was poor. Although Zhao Lu was very angry, he had to walk more than ten miles around the pavilion, waiting for huangpo. Zhao Lu, after graduating from high school, changed his former appearance, greeted him at Shili Pavilion, and gave a banquet on the banks of the Jiang Xiu River. Zhao Lu couldn't help feeling and wrote a poem: "Long Jun doesn't believe the Tao, and China people won the championship." After listening to it on the spot, the secretariat's adult felt ashamed and blamed himself.
Although Zhao Lu often has the ambition to save the world, he is determined and refuses to cling to the powerful. Therefore, although Zhao Lu is a top scholar in the world, he will not be left out in the cold because of "running an official position", and he has not been assigned an official position for four years. It was not until he was appointed as an ambassador to Wuchang and paid attention to his recommendation that he began to engage in this work and served as a staff officer. Li said that throughout his life, although he didn't get much use as the number one scholar, he won the support of the people for being an official, and various historical materials rated him as an honest official in Jiangxi.
However, Li also introduced that in fact, the earliest champion in Jiangxi was someone else. After many textual researches, he found that Wang Fengcheng Ji You won the championship earlier than Zhao Lu 107.
In Baitu Town, Fengcheng, Wang's hometown, he found an introduction to Wang's life from the genealogy of the village. Wang was the number one scholar in the fourth year of Kaiyuan (AD 736). He won the championship with the result of "third in the first test and first in the second test". In addition, the deeds of Wang recorded in the genealogy are basically the same as those recorded in Fengcheng County Records, which proves that Wang is indeed the first scholar in the twenty-four years of Kaiyuan.
And this unknown champion in the past also has a strong character. Wang was born in a noble family in Luoyang, Henan Province, and later moved to East Lake (now Nanchang). But when he was young, his family came down, and he moved from Donghu to Fengling with his brother to study hard. After winning the first prize, he was awarded the imperial history book. Because he didn't like the state affairs at that time and was ashamed to associate with Prime Minister Li and others, Wang soon returned to Fengcheng, set up a disciple in Du Zhi Temple at the foot of Zhushan Mountain in Fengcheng, and began to live in seclusion for more than 20 years.
He died at 8 1 and was buried in Du Zhi Temple in Long Ze, Fengcheng. Today, there is still a memorial tablet of Wang in Xiangxian Temple of Fengcheng Zhuchan Academy, and its tomb site can be seen in Zhushan Forest.
2. The youngest champion-Wang
17 years old, first prize. However, the fate of Wang, a successful teenager, does not mean that his career path is smooth sailing.
The former deputy curator of Yushan County Museum knows Wang well, and the Selected Works of Siku Quanshu also records that "Wang Zhuangyuan was born in Yushan County, Xinzhou. He has never forgotten his studies since childhood, and his witty remarks are amazing. He even won the entrance exam and the exam, and he was highly selected. "
In the fifth year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 135), Wang was chosen as the top scholar by hand, when he was only 17 years old. This is the youngest scholar in Jiangxi history and even in China history, but his poems are extremely exquisite. When Song Gaozong saw his right words, he thought it was a mature man until.
It is reasonable to be young and promising, and Wang was also full of ambition at that time. After winning the first prize in middle school, he was appointed as the first Dong Junren to sign the verdict. At the age of 20, he is called the provincial secretary. The following year, Qin Gui re-entered this stage and advocated peace talks with Kim Jong Il. The hot-blooded king advocated resisting gold, thinking that he was not prepared enough, did not know the danger of the enemy, and made enemies, so he was demoted.
Melancholy and integrity, lonely and far away. In 1 138, Wang left Beijing in frustration, that is, 17. 17 years, was sentenced to Jianzhou (now Jian 'ou, Fujian), Jingjiang Taishou, Guangzhou and other places. Until his death, Wang Cai was recalled to Beijing as Langguan, Yousi, Shaojian and Shangshu of the official department. But compared with the last time he left, Wang was a middle-aged man who was almost lost, and his long-term release buried too many ambitions. Since then, after Song Xiaozong acceded to the throne, he was forced to ask for a transfer, so he knew Fuzhou. Soon, he was appointed as the special envoy of Sichuan, and he became the capital. Later, due to disagreement, I learned about Pingjiang House (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) at the Bachelor's Office in Duanmingtang. The following year, Wang Xiang resigned and returned to his hometown. Because he was an honest official all his life, he went home without food and clothing, and a generation of famous ministers died at home at the age of 59.
Historically, Wang's official management was orderly. He believes that the key to official management lies in strictly implementing the responsibility system determined by officials at all levels and implementing rewards and punishments in strict accordance with the established system. The bad atmosphere of officialdom is the problem of big officials. Ordinary people have a poor life, lack of productivity, and small officials do not do their duty. Without strong military strength, they cannot lead troops. Moreover, he still did his duty in adversity. When he was the governor of Sichuan, the Guangyuan generation was affected and boldly exempted the people from paying fees. When I was an official minister, I found that General Li Xianzhong lied about the military industry, lied about 5,000 recipients, and exposed his cheating and corruption.
After Wang's death, Zhu, a thinker of the Southern Song Dynasty in China in the same dynasty, made an incisive evaluation of him: "Only public schools are proficient and not complacent. Only a long life, but not self-righteous. Respect morality and be prepared for it, but don't think you have it. The position is loud and heavy, but not proud. " It's just that his hometown, Wuwang Village, Huzi Town, Yushan County, has been flooded by reservoirs for hundreds of years, and it's hard to find a trace.
3. "The top scholar among the top scholars"-Wen Tianxiang
There are countless champions in the past dynasties, but Wen Tianxiang, the champion of Chen Bing in the 4th year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1256), was most respected by later generations and was called the champion among the champions.
This year, Wen Tianxiang of Futian Kuixiang Village, Chunhua Township, Luling County, Jizhou, accompanied by his father, went to Lin 'an, the capital, to take the exam, and all the countermeasures were collected in Yingtang. During this period, Zhao Yun of Song Lizong asked that "Heaven and Man are extremely connected with each other", and Wen Tianxiang took law and heaven as his right. Many arguments are bold and original, and clan relationship comes first.
Although Wen Tianxiang achieved great success at a young age, he caught up with the political corruption, foreign invasion, and distracted people in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty. From the first year of Ding Jing (A.D. 1260) to the eighth year of Xianchun (A.D. 1272), Wen Tianxiang experienced three dismissals. Until the first year of Deyou (A.D. 1275), the court heard that the Yuan army was advancing eastward along the Yangtze River and went straight to Lin 'an, so it urgently summoned the diligent king of the world. After receiving the imperial edict, Wen Tianxiang organized more than 30,000 loyal guards in Lin 'an in a few days. 1278 65438+ February, after all, Zhao and Song could not resist Meng Yuan's fighters, and the defeat was like a mountain. The monarch and his subjects ran all the way south. As a prime minister, Wen Tianxiang was weak and failed to turn the tide. At the end of the first year of Xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1278), Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured in Wufoling, Haifeng, and the following year 10.
The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty "strengthened their integrity and cherished their talents" for Wen Tianxiang, because the people praised by the world as prime ministers "had Lu Yechu talents in the north and Wen Tianxiang in the south", and they also hoped to use Wen Tianxiang's reputation to save people's hearts and stabilize the world. Therefore, in the whole three years after Wen Tianxiang was captured, the Yuan Dynasty tried every means to surrender to Wen Tianxiang, but Wen Tianxiang was "even more powerful, trying to tame it, but it was impossible".
At this time, the famous phrase "Who has not died since ancient times, be careful to look down on history", such as a beam of skylight illuminating a corner of most hundreds of years ago, but Wen Tianxiang was mostly a prisoner, and people who advised him to surrender came one after another. First of all, this hurrying lobbyist is the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, Liu. Wen Tianxiang mercilessly satirized this disgraceful colleague. "It's really a dream leader Huang Fei. How can I meet Jiangdong in my dream?" .
Then there is Song Gongdi, 9 years old. Young son don't know the world, Wen Tianxiang still do the righteousness of the monarch and the minister, north worship number, begging for the holy drive again, clank of iron, indomitable. In the three years after Wen Tianxiang was captured, Yuan Shizu was reluctant to give up his efforts to surrender. First send officials to surrender, and then use power to force Wen Tianxiang to bend his knees. Finally, Wen Tianxiang's hands were tied with flail neck in an attempt to stifle his will. "Who is the biography of the national subjugation doctor, only unofficial history and others will be spared." This is Wen Tianxiang's belief. But Wen Tianxiang only wanted to die, and Kublai Khan only ordered Wen Tianxiang to be killed. In the 19th year of Zhiyuan (AD 1283), he died calmly in Chaishikou on the eighth day of December. Wen Tianxiang was 47 years old. "A famous martyr is one story. For three thousand years, people don't meet." The evaluation of future generations is so appropriate.
4. Shu Fen, the champion who cried at the risk of his life.
Never forget to win the highest prize.
Shufen street in Jinxian ancient town is about one kilometer long, with shops on both sides and pedestrians coming and going, which is a scene of prosperity. As the local people know, this street commemorates Shu Fen, the only champion of Jinxian.
According to county records, Shufen was born in a peasant family on 1487, and she was smart since childhood. It is said that he could write poetry at the age of 7, and 12 wrote "The Taming of Wild Goose". Zhu Hanxian, the then Nanchang magistrate, spoke highly of it. Shufen has a reputation as a child prodigy in Jinxian, and has successively obtained a scholar and a juren. Ming Zhengde is 12.
The history books recorded an interesting scene. Although Shu Fen is brilliant, she is not charming, but she is ugly and short. In Zheng De 12 of Ming Dynasty, when Shu Fen stood in front of the Golden Temple to attend the palace examination, his appearance brought him trouble. The emperor at that time was Zhu Houzhao, a 27-year-old handsome man. At first glance, he is an ugly boy who won the first place in his royal highness's exam. I just heard that Shufen is a genius who never forgets anything, so she said, "You ride a horse from Chengtianmen to Xisi Street and remember the names of the shops on both sides of the street. If you are right, you are the champion. " Shufen really has the ability to never forget anything. When I came back, I reported the name of the store exactly the same. Since then, I had to take him as the number one scholar.
Crying in protest.
The Biography of Shu Fen in Ming Dynasty recorded four major events of Shu Fen, and it was also one of the few famous crying and remonstrating events in history.
After winning the first prize, Shu Fen worked as a Qipin editor in imperial academy, which made him feel that the Emperor Wuzong he met was a dissolute, violent, grotesque and shameless king. His greatest hobbies are traveling and playing incognito. His filial piety queen died less than a month ago, and before she was buried, she was going to visit prostitutes in Xuanhua House. Shufen takes "loyalty to the monarch and patriotism" as her goal. Ming Wuzong was very unhappy after hearing this, but he still couldn't find a reason to punish Shufen. Not content with his trip to Shanxi, Hebei Province, Ming Wuzong went to Jiangnan to choose beautiful women.
Shufen was very worried about this and remonstrated again, this time directly and painfully, directly criticizing Ming Wuzong's "extravagant heart, enjoyment and enjoyment".
This famous Book of History left a wonderful stroke in history: "It is absurd for your majesty to go to Jiangnan in the name of Zhen Guogong." The emperor has been married for fifteen years, but the heir has no children. These are all signs that the country is in danger. The minister knew, but said nothing. The junior minister knows but can't say everything. His ambition is not loyalty, but let your majesty ruin the overall situation. I can't bear to make the overall situation worse. I cried bitterly, blood spattered on the spot, and I died flat ... "
How can such a scholar who has not been honed by the world know that he is even more powerful? Shu Fen pointed her criticism at Ming Wuzong, which finally caused great disaster and almost killed her.
Shufen's performance caused a shock in the ruling and opposition parties. A total of 107 officials jointly wrote a letter, unanimously opposing the southern expedition of Ming Wuzong, and even joining the physician to discourage the southern tour from the perspective of health care. Ming Wuzong read the paper, went insane and used the most insulting punishment. He ordered 107 officials, including Shu Fen, to kneel outside the noon gate for five days, and then beat 30 yards after kneeling, and then arrested, imprisoned or dismissed from office.
At the age of 44, he died with a grudge.
It rained for days in Beijing, and there was three inches of water in the square in front of the Wumen Gate. 107 the official was drowned by the rain, crying, but exhausted, and fainted on the spot. Results 15 officials were weak and could not stand punishment and were killed on the spot. Shu-fen was hit by 30 sticks and was dying. She almost died when she was carried back to imperial academy.
Shufen finally survived, but the capital couldn't stay any longer. He was seriously injured and served as the deputy director of Quanzhou Maritime Department, equivalent to the deputy director of Quanzhou Customs in Fujian today. After the death of Ming Wuzong, Ming Shizong Zhu Houcong succeeded to the throne. In the early days of the new emperor's accession to the throne, the court was still Qing, and a paper of letters Shu Fen returned to Beijing. However, it was not long before Shu Fen returned to Beijing, and she was involved in more serious political events, and the collective crying and remonstrance activities occurred again. Ming Shizong was also merciless and tortured.
Shu Fen, who was extremely disappointed with the court, quickly quit her job and returned to her hometown to become a sage in the name of filial piety. When he returned home, his heart was extremely bitter, and then his injury recurred and he died with hatred at the age of 44. It was not until the middle of Wanli period of Ming Dynasty that his reputation was restored, and posthumous title was named "Wen Jie".
Nowadays, there are not many relics about Shufen except Shufen Street, but in the Ming Dynasty, Jinxian had a "Wenjie Temple", which was an ancestral temple to commemorate Shufen. Because of historical changes, there is no trace, and future generations can't visit.
5. The most unfortunate champion-Ma Shi
Ma Shi, a native of Hukou, Jiangxi Province, is ambitious and his date of birth and death is unknown. Legend has it that there is a proverb in Ma Shi's hometown: "Shazhouyuan is the champion". When Shazhouyuan was completed, that is, the third year of Stegosaurus's stay in Song Taizu (AD 962), Ma Shi also happened to win the first prize. When Ma Shi was a teenager, he was smart, diligent and filial to his parents. After winning the first prize, he got the news of his mother's death and hurried home to attend the funeral before the court gave him an official position. After his mother died, Ma Shi died of grief. Due to his misfortune, the number one scholar failed to achieve much in history, so there are few relevant historical materials.
6. The luckiest champion-Shi Peng
Shi Peng is from Anfu County, Jiangxi Province. Historically, he was a decent official, impartial and outspoken, but his experience had to be said to be very lucky among the top scholars.
Shi Peng's top high school scholar is the best scholar in the world, but good luck has been hanging over him. In the 14th year of Ming Dynasty, the "Civil Fort" incident happened, and Ming Yingzong became a prisoner. Most of the soldiers who went out with him either died in battle or committed suicide. At that time, the court was faced with a serious shortage of staff, so it broke the routine and called Shi Peng, a 33-year-old official with only seven titles, into the cabinet as the minister of war.
In the second year, the champion entered the cabinet to participate in major policies, which was unprecedented. Fortunately, however. Shi Peng had no experience in North Korea, so the history of the Ministry of War was quickly deleted and reduced to five product editors. In the first year of Tianshun (A.D. 1457), a "change of seizing the door" took place, and Ming Yingzong was successfully restored, "once every emperor was a courtier". The former minister was either killed or exiled to the frontier, while Shi Peng was dismissed and demoted by the former dynasty. Such people will be grateful if they return to the cabinet for reuse. So he was immediately appointed as the minister of war, joined the cabinet the next day, and served as a bachelor of the academician courtyard. Shi Peng once again reached a glimmer of hope behind the dark clouds.
7. The oldest champion-Dong
Although the champion read a lot of poetry books, the road to admission was tortuous. Dong 16 years old was a scholar in the examination, and 2/kloc-0 years old was the first in the examination. In the first year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 126), it won the bid again. However, he went to Beijing to take the examination of the Ministry of Rites, but he tried every time, killing decades of golden years, so that he was "penniless and unable to support himself" and had to be a teacher in the rich family, being laughed at by the world and full of pain.
1 145, Dong has reached the age of 50, and his ambition has not lost. He has to take the exam again and failed. This time, due to many attempts, Dong was able to make up for his literary background and become a junior official-the main book of Daozhou Ningyuan. Finally, luck changed, and the imperial court held an exam at 1 148. Dong, who reached the age of 53, decided to be the top scholar. At that time, scientific research was in favor of being admitted to the gifted scholar. Dong took the pulse for the imperial court and said in "A Reply to the Scholars": "The loss of Jin is not nothingness, but the loss of fighting; The loss of the Tang Dynasty lies not in the lyrics, but in the use of soldiers. " It caters to Song Gaozong and Taishi Qin Gui's idea of "judo" ruling the world and their line of peace and non-war.
Song Gaozong is highly appreciated, and he wants to be the first. Because of Dong's official position, he was changed to the second scholar and was the top scholar. Dong, on the other hand, was given the same "grace example" as the top scholar, so he was called "the top scholar in the grace list" at that time.