Ancient books were published in Hubei before 2000.
1975 65438+February, a large number of bamboo slips were unearthed from Qin tomb in Shuihu section, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province. These bamboo slips are roughly the same in length and width, with the shorter length of 23. 1 cm, the longer length of 27.8 cm and the width of 0.5 cm to 0.8 cm.
In these bamboo slips, Qin Li recorded many important contents from the late Warring States period to the Qin Shihuang period, such as law, literature, medicine, book occupation, etc., and recorded the changes from seal script to official script.
It can be said that the excavation of these bamboo slips is of great significance and value for future generations to study their political status, legal basis, economic activities, cultural life and medical level, including calligraphy. It also provided detailed evidence for future generations to uncover the rule of the "tyrant" Qin Shihuang and found the answer. Because these bamboo slips came from the land in the sleeping tiger area, they are called bamboo slips of Qin tomb in the sleeping tiger area, or Qin slips in the sleeping tiger area and Yunmeng Qin slips.
Show a corner of Qin law
In the Qin Mausoleum, a tomb owner experienced the whole process from Qin Shihuang's personal administration to the unification of the six countries.
Xi was born in 262 BC. 17 years old, working as a corvee in the state of Qin. Later, it developed well and made many junior officials related to criminal law, such as Anlu's suggestion, Ling's suggestion and Ling's suggestion. He also joined the army three times, participated in many battles, and went to many counties of Qin, and finally died in the official position.
Due to work, 1 155 bamboo slips were found in Xi's tomb, which recorded the legal system, administrative documents, economy, culture, medicine and other aspects of the Qin Dynasty, and were divided into ten parts, namely, eighteen kinds of Qin laws, effective laws, miscellaneous copies of Qin laws, legal questions and answers, etc.
Refuting the theory of "tyranny"
Although the laws unearthed in Bamboo Slips of Qin Tomb in Sleeping Tiger Land are incomplete, many of them are similar to personal notes, such as explaining laws and legal procedures in the form of questions and answers. However, from these incomplete records, it can be seen that the laws of the Qin Dynasty did not seem as horrible as the legend. The death penalty was mentioned in bamboo slips, but not many times.
People familiar with the history of Qin Dynasty should know that the uprising of Chen Sheng and Guangwu at the end of Qin Dynasty was caused by the extension of enlistment, so they decided to break the jar. But "Bamboo Slips of Qin Tomb in Sleeping Tiger Land" clearly reads:
"Royal hair sign, lack of line, dimethyl. Three to five days overdue; Six to ten days, one shield; After ten days, you will get an armor. Its benefits and concepts. Water and rain, except xing "
The meaning of this passage is roughly: refusing to perform military service, fined two pairs of armor; Delay for three to five days, warning; Delay for six to ten days, one shield; If the delay is more than ten days, the second deputy will be fined; If it is due to force majeure factors such as rain, it will be exempted from punishment. Who said anything about beheading?
Moreover, according to some historical records, the laws of Qin state stipulate that theft will be beheaded, but judging from the content of Bamboo Slips of Qin Tomb in Sleeping Tiger Land, this description is not objective. It is stated on the bamboo slips that theft will be punished according to the seriousness of the case. Among them, the slightest theft is only punished with 30 days' hard labor, and only when the amount of theft is extremely huge (above 660 yuan) will it be punished or punished.
Comparing these meticulous bamboo slips with various materials, we can know that Qin Shihuang was not a cruel tyrant, and the laws of Qin State were not too cruel, even compared with neighboring countries at that time. In this way, the "innocence" of a generation of kings was finally restored.
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The appearance of bamboo slips in the Qin tomb in Shuihudi is not only a historical revelation, but also a revision of a dynasty's past cognition. It made future generations more aware after thousands of years that the Qin Dynasty was not a heavy punishment, but the beginning of conviction and sentencing, which helped us correct the truth and facts hidden in the long river of history. Merits and demerits are judged by others. In that dusty bamboo forest, we entered the era of the king of Qin, an era full of wisdom despite the war. Let us learn more from the survival wisdom of modern people and the important enlightenment of soul of china.